• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 172
  • 79
  • 33
  • 24
  • 14
  • 7
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 431
  • 431
  • 47
  • 44
  • 41
  • 40
  • 38
  • 33
  • 32
  • 32
  • 28
  • 28
  • 27
  • 26
  • 26
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Fluorination Effect on the Conformational Properties of Alkanes

Xu, Wenjian 05 1900 (has links)
A Series of fluorophores of the general formular P(CF2)nP and P(CF2)n-1CF3 has been synthesized. Copper catalyzed coupling of 1-bromopyrene and the corresponding mono and di-iodoperfluoroalkanes were used in most cases. For the n=3 dimer, a novel 1,w-perfluoroalkylation of pyrene via bis-decarboxylation of hexafluorogultaric acid was utilized. These compounds, along with suitable hydrocarbon analogs, are being used to study the flexibility of fluorocarbon chains using emission. We have found that the excimer formation for the fluorinated pyrene monomers is highly dependent on concentration and is less efficient than for pyene. Excimer formation for the fluorinated pyrene dimers is much more efficient than for the fluorocarbon monomers and is only slightly concentraion dependent. Steady-state emission spectra indicate hydrocarbon dimers-models form excimers more efficiently than the fluorinated dimers suggesting the fluorinated chains are stiffer than the hydrocarbons. We conducted the temperature-dependent studies and quantified the conformational difference.
62

Perturbation Dynamics on Moving Chains

Zakirova, Ksenia V 01 January 2015 (has links)
Chain dynamics have gained renewed interest recently, following the release of a viral YouTube video showcasing a phenomenon called the chain fountain. Recent work in the field shows that there exists unexplained behavior in newly proposed chain systems. We consider a general system of a chain traveling at constant velocity in an external force field and derive steady state solutions for the time invariant shape of the chain. Perturbing the solution introduces moving waves along the steady state shape with components that propagate along and against the direction of travel of the chain. Furthermore, we develop a numerical model using a discrete approximation of the chain in order to empirically test our results. The behavior of the chain fountain and related chain systems is discussed in the context of these findings.
63

B-Spline Boundary Element Method for Ships

Aggarwal, Aditya Mohan 07 August 2008 (has links)
The development of a three dimensional B-Spline based method, which is suitable for the steady-state potential flow analysis of free surface piercing bodies in hydrodynamics, is presented. The method requires the B-Spline or Non Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) representation of the body as an input. In order to solve for the unknown potential, the source surface, both for the body as well as the free surface, is represented by NURBS surfaces. The method does not require the body surface to be discritized into flat panels. Therefore, instead of a mere panel approximation, the exact body geometry is utilized for the computation. The technique does not use a free surface Green's function, which already satisfies the linear free surface boundary conditions, but uses a separate source patch for the free surface. By eliminating the use of a free surface Green's function, the method can be extended to considering non-linear free surface conditions, thus providing the possibility for wave resistance calculations. The method is first applied to the double body flow problem around a sphere and a Wigley hull. Some comparisons are made with exact solutions to validate the accuracy of the method. Results of linear free surface conditions are then presented.
64

Modelo matemático para avaliação hidrodinâmica de escoamentos em regime não-permanente / Mathematical model for hydrodynamic evaluation in non-steady state reactors

Costa, Daniel Jadyr Leite 20 March 2015 (has links)
Projetos de reatores para tratamento de águas de abastecimento e águas residuárias envolvem o conhecimento da hidrodinâmica do escoamento e das reações químicas e bioquímicas que ocorrem em seu interior. A variável hidrodinâmica pode interferir de modo significativo na eficiência da unidade, visto que ela influencia diretamente no desempenho da cinética das reações. Existem muitos reatores que operam em regime não-permanente de vazão, entretanto, são poucos os trabalhos disponíveis na literatura científica que sugerem o desenvolvimento de métodos para a avaliação da hidrodinâmica desse tipo de escoamento. A aplicação de modelos convencionais para avaliações hidrodinâmicas desses reatores é conceitualmente errada, visto que os mesmos são desenvolvidos considerando-se um regime permanente de vazão. Nesse contexto apresenta-se nesse trabalho um modelo matemático voltado para a avaliação hidrodinâmica de reatores que operam em regime não-permanente de vazão, com intuito de subsidiar as análises e previsões de seu comportamento. Foi utilizada a técnica DTR para levantamento de dados experimentais e um software de simulação numérica, o Vensim 6.3 da Ventana Systems, para auxiliar no desenvolvimento do modelo. Após a sua calibração e validação, com as devidas restrições, o modelo demonstrou ser comparativamente mais adequado para a avaliação do comportamento hidrodinâmico de reatores em condições de regime não-permanente com variação senoidal cíclica de vazão, principalmente para escoamentos que possuem tempo de detenção hidráulica relativamente baixo e amplitude de variação de vazão relativamente elevada. / Reactor designs for water supply and wastewater treatment require the knowledge of hydrodynamic and chemical reactions that occur in its interior. The hydrodynamics is very important as it interferes the efficiency of an treatment unit, since it directly influences the chemical reactions. There are many non-steady state reactors, but there are little studies about their hydrodynamic evaluation in the literature. The use of conventional models is conceptually wrong because they have been developed for steady state conditions. This work presents a mathematical model for hydrodynamic evaluation in non-steady state reactors to support analisys of these flows. The RTD technique to get experimental data and a numerical software simulation have been used as well as the Vensim 6.3 program, of Ventana Systems, to support the model development. After its the calibration and validation, the model proved to be suitable for the experimental conditions, especially for flows that have relatively low hydraulic retention time and relatively high amplitude of flow variation.
65

Efeito de características microestruturais na difusividade do hidrogênio em dois aços grau API X65. / Effect of microstructural features on the H diffusivity in two API X65 steels.

Pereira, Viviam Serra Marques 31 January 2017 (has links)
Os aços de alta resistência e baixa liga são amplamente utilizados em dutos transportadores de óleo e gás e, atualmente, o desenvolvimento de novos projetos de liga e o uso de técnicas altamente avançadas de fabricação e processamento dos aços se tornaram essenciais para obtenção de estruturas que resistam aos danos provocados por H, principal motivo de falha de oleodutos e gasodutos em meios ricos em H2S. No presente trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito de características microestruturais na difusividade do H em dois aços grau API X65, com diferentes teores de Mn. Uma das chapas ainda está em fase experimental de desenvolvimento, tem baixo teor de Mn e foi produzida para aplicação em ambientes sour. A outra chapa tem alto teor de Mn, já é usada comercialmente há alguns anos e foi desenvolvida para trabalho em ambientes doces. Os dois materiais passaram por caracterização microestrutural nas três seções da chapa: longitudinal e transversal à direção de laminação e do topo da chapa (paralela à direção de laminação). Após a caracterização, amostras de cada seção dos aços foram submetidas a ensaios de permeabilidade ao H; o aço baixo Mn passou por análises de EBSD (Difração de Elétrons Retroespalhados), para determinação de textura. O aço baixo Mn tem microestrutura homogênea ao longo da espessura da chapa, composta por ferrita refinada e pequenas ilhas de perlita. O aço alto Mn, por sua vez, apresenta microestrutura heterogênea ao longo da espessura, formada por bandas de ferrita e perlita, com marcada presença de segregação central de elementos de liga. Os ensaios de permeabilidade ao H mostraram que os coeficientes de difusão efetiva do H, Deff, do aço baixo Mn são ligeiramente superiores aos do aço alto Mn. Outros dois importantes parâmetros que foram calculados para os dois aços são a concentração de H na sub-superfície do material, C0, e o número de traps por unidade de volume, Nt. Contrariando expectativas, o aço baixo Mn apresentou maiores valores de C0 e Nt do que o aço alto Mn. Ensaios preliminares de dessorção térmica realizados nos dois aços mostraram os mesmos resultados: o aço baixo Mn aprisiona mais H do que o aço alto Mn. Estes resultados contraditórios de C0 e Nt foram atribuídos à presença de nanoprecipitados de microadições de liga no aço baixo Mn, não detectáveis por microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. Ainda, para os dois aços, os valores de Deff variaram em função da seção analisada da seguinte maneira: Deff longitudinal ? Deff transversal > Deff topo. Para entender melhor o comportamento anisotrópico da difusão do H nos dois aços calculou-se um novo coeficiente de difusão, que foi chamado de coeficiente de difusão no estado estacionário, Dss. O Dss considera que todos os traps do aço estão saturados, permitindo, assim que se avalie somente o efeito de obstáculos físicos à difusão do H. No aço alto Mn, o Dss variou da mesma maneira que o Deff: Dss longitudinal ? Dss transversal > Dss topo; este comportamento foi atribuído ao bandeamento presente no material. No aço baixo Mn, o Dss variou de forma diferente do Deff: Dss transversal > Dss longitudinal >= Dss topo, indicando que a difusão do H pode ser auxiliada por contornos de grão enquanto os traps estão sendo saturados, e que a textura cristalográfica pode influenciar a difusão após o estado estacionário ser atingido. / High strength low alloy steels are widely applied as pipelines for crude oil and natural gas transportation and, currently, new approaches to alloy design, in addition to the use of advanced steelmaking and processing techniques, have become essential for obtaining structures that resist to hydrogen damage, which is the main cause of pipelines failure in H2S-rich environments. The main objective of the present work is to evaluate the influence of microstructural features on hydrogen diffusivity in two API X65 steels, with different Mn contents. One of the steel plates has been recently developed for usage in sour environments, is on its experimental stage and has a low Mn content. The other one is a commercial plate steel, with high Mn content, developed for sweet applications. Both steel plates were characterized in its three sections, in relation to the rolling direction: longitudinal, transverse and top surface of the plate (parallell to the rolling direction). After that, samples obtained from each section of the plates were submitted to hydrogen permeation tests; the low Mn steel was also analysed with EBSD, for texture determination. The low Mn steel presents a homogeneous microstructure through plate thickness, composed of refined ferrite and small pearlite islands. The high Mn steel has a heterogeneous microstructure through the plate thickness, composed of ferrite and pearlite bands, and presents centerline segregation. Hydrogen permeation tests showed that the Deff obtained for the low Mn steel sections are slightly higher than for the high Mn steel. Another two important parameters that were calculated for both steels are the subsurface hydrogen concentration, C0, and the number of traps per unit volume, Nt. Contrary to what was expected, the low Mn steel presented the higher C0 and Nt values. Thermal dessorption spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the low Mn steel traps more H atoms than the high Mn one. These results, along with the similar Deff values, were related to the presence of nanoprecipitates of microalloying elements, that cannot be detected via optical and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, also for both steels, the Deff values varied in function of the analyzed section as it follows: Deff longitudinal ? Deff transverse > Deff top. In order to better understand this anisotropic behavior, a new diffusion coefficient, which was called diffusion coefficient at the steady state, Dss, was determined. Dss considers that all the trapping sites are saturated, enabling, thus, the evaluation of physical obstacles to H diffusion. For the high Mn steel, the Dss varied in the same matter as the Deff: Dss longitudinal ? Dss transverse > Dss top; this behavior was associated with the microstructural banding present in the material. For the low Mn steel, the Dss exhibited a different behavior: Dss transverse > Dss longitudinal >= Dss top, suggesting that H diffusion can be aided by grain boundaries while the trapping sites are being filled and that crystallographic texture may play its role after the steady state is reached.
66

Estudo da estabilidade direcional de um veículo comercial de 2 eixos em situação de regime permanente / not available

Ferreira, André Luís Francioso 16 December 2002 (has links)
O trabalho apresentado nesta dissertação consiste do estudo do comportamento direcional de um veículo comercial de 2 eixos, classificando-o quanto a sua estabilidade (Oversteer, Understeer ou Neutral Steer) e predizendo em que condições sua instabilidade torna-se crítica. para esta finalidade, o veículo foi modelado desenvolvendo uma trajetória curvilínea de raio constante em situação de regime permanente e uma rotina de cálculos representa sua dinâmica lateral. O recurso computacional utilizado (software Excel) foi propositadamente escolhido tendo como premissa ser o mais simples possível, para que os custos e tempo envolvidos fossem mínimos. Foram realizadas algumas medições com o veículo em questão e, levando-se em conta todas as simplificações implementadas, os resultados práticos e teóricos demonstraram correlação satisfatória. Desta maneira, então, pode-se dizer que o instrumento desenvolvido neste trabalho pode ser aplicado como um recurso valioso durante a fase inicial de conceituação da suspensão de um veículo de 2 eixos, principalmente tratando-se de uma avaliação comparativa com veículos semelhantes já testados. / The work presented consists of a 2 axles light truck directional behavior evaluation, where computational resources applied are very simple and easy hand (software excel). Steady state cornering concept was used to get its stability classification (Oversteer, Understeer or Neutral Steer) and show in which moment its behavior become unstable. Experimental measurements took place and the practical (measured) and theoretical (came from the developed model) results showed theirselves satisfactory, considering all the simplifications. Thus, this procedure might be useful during a two axle light truck suspension development, ultimately if is adopted to compare with another one already known. Costs and time are saved in this way.
67

Técnicas de aquisição rápida em tomografia por ressonância magnética nuclear / Magnetic resonance tomography fast acquisition techniques

Foerster, Bernd Uwe 02 March 1994 (has links)
Neste trabalho apresentamos e comparamos diferentes técnicas de tomografia bidimensional por RMN implementados num sistema de tomografia de campo magnético ultra-baixo (O.05T). A partir da seqüência convencional \"Spin Echo\" (SE), utilizada rotineiramente, implementamos a seqüência \"Gradient Recalled Echo\" (GRE) e duas seqüências que utilizam o principio de Steady-State Free Precession (SSFP), sendo \"Fast Low Angle Shot\" (FLASH) e \"Fast Acquisition Double Echo\" (FADE). Com as seqüências de SSFP conseguimos diminuir drasticamente a duração de um exame de tomografia convencional (seqüência SE). A seqüência FADE ainda permite adquirir duas imagens com contrastes claramente diferentes sem aumentar significativamente a duração do exame. Desenvolvemos procedimentos de calibração indispensáveis para as técnicas de SSFP que também melhoraram a relação sinal ruído de 15 por cento na técnica SE . Analisamos teórica e experimentalmente o comportamento do contraste das seqüências apresentadas. Fizemos ainda uma serie de imagens de um phantom e da cabeça de um voluntário com as diferentes seqüências e sugerimos algumas combinações dos parâmetros (protocolos) como tempo de repetição, tempo ao eco e angulo de excitação. Um destes protocolos esta sendo testado em casos clínicos para comparar a utilidade das seqüências apresentadas no diagnóstico medico. Com este trabalho ganhamos uma experiência na utilização de técnicas rápidas indispensáveis para a elaboração de uma metodologia para obter imagens tridimensionais / In this work we present and compare different techniques for bidimensional tomography in NMR which were implemented on a ultra low magnetic field (O.05T) tomographic system. Based on the conventional spin echo pulse sequence (SE), which is routinely used, we implemented the gradient recalled echo (GRE) pulse sequence and two sequences that use the principle of Steady-State Free Precession (SSFP) being \"Fast Low Angle Shot\" (FLASH) and \"Fast Acquisition Double Echo\" (FADE). With the SSFP sequences we shorten drastically the duration of the conventional SE tomography sequence. Besides this the FADE sequence gives two images with clearly different contrast without extending significantly the duration of the experiment. Needed for the SSFP techniques, we developed calibration procedures, which improved as well the SE sequence signal to noise ratio of about 15 percent. We analyzed theoretically and experimentally the behavior of the contrast of the presented sequences. Moreover we acquired various images of a phantom and the human brain of a normal volunteer using the different sequences and proposed some combinations of the parameters (protocols) repetition time, time to echo and flip angle. One of these protocols is being tested in clinical cases to compare the usefulness of the presented techniques for medical diagnostic. With this work we gained a wide experience in using SSFP techniques that will be indispensable in the elaboration of three-dimensional tomography methodologies
68

When the Siren Sounds : In Search of Acoustic Properties that make an Alarm Signal Effective at Capturing Attention

Hansson, Tomas January 2018 (has links)
A functional and effective alarm signal is a critical component of alarm systems designed to alert workers of impending danger. In a previous study (Hansson, 2017) background alarm sirens composed of changing-state sounds with an embedded temporal deviant, produced greater disruption of serial short-term memory than a signal without a deviant. However, to give rise to disruption the siren needed to change from fast to slow, since a change from slow to fast was impotent in its effect on task performance. In the current study, whether acoustic change was a necessary prerequisite for obtaining the fast-to-slow deviant effect was explored. Thus, repeated tones—steady-state sequences—presented at slow or fast rates were used with or without a temporal deviant (change from slow-to-fast vs. change from fast-to-slow). In the context of the steady-state sequences, both slow-to-fast and fast-to-slow temporal deviants produced disruption relative to the fast and slow control sequences. This suggests that a changing-state sequence is required for the fast-to-slow temporal deviant effect to arise. However, an alternative explanation based upon inter-stimulus intervals is also entertained. Understanding the acoustic parameters of sound is necessary to develop alarms sirens that are better at capturing attention. The current study suggests that embedding temporal deviants within sirens can promote greater attentional capture, but that this may depend on the nature of the alarm signal (whether it is changing vs. steady-state) and the direction of the change of speed (slow-to-fast vs. fast-to-slow).
69

Exploring the properties of alarm signals that makes them attention-capturing: The Role of interstimulus intervals

Hansson, Tomas January 2018 (has links)
Alarm signals such as sirens are crucial in alerting users of impending dangers. Therefore, it is important that the siren is designed so it can capture user's attention. In a previous study (Hansson, 2017) background alarm sirens composed of changing-state sounds with an embedded temporal deviant, produced greater disruption of serial short-term memory than a signal without a temporal deviant. However, to give rise to disruption the siren needed to change from fast to slow, since a change from slow to fast was impotent in its effect on task performance. This was further addressed in Hansson (2018) where it was shown that acoustic change appeared to be a necessary prerequisite for obtaining the fast-to-slow temporal deviant effect: When steady-state sounds were used fast-to-slow and or slow-to-fast temporal deviants were equally disruptive of serial recall. However, in order to create a steady-state siren, inter-stimulus intervals were incorporated into the siren to prevent the continuous uninterrupted presentation of a single tone. Since inter-stimulus intervals were not used in Hansson (2017) it could be the presence of these that eliminated the potency of the fast-to-slow over the slow-to-fast temporal deviation effect in Hansson (2018). Therefore, the current study was undertaken to investigate whether the embedding inter-stimulus intervals within a changing-state siren would restore the potency of the fast-to-slow temporal deviation over the slow-to-fast temporal deviation in capturing attention. The additional disruption for fast-to-slow temporal deviants over slow-to-fast temporal deviants (that did not produce disruption relative to control) returned in the current study when inter-stimulus intervals were included within the siren. The results support the notion that the additional disruption produced by fast-to-slow, over slow-to-fast temporal deviants depend on the changing-state properties of the siren. Implications of this result for the design and operation of sirens within ecologically valid settings are discussed.
70

Respostas metabólicas e da técnica de nado durante o exercício realizado na velocidade correspondente à máxima fase estável de lactato sanguíneo determinada de forma contínua e intermitente /

Oliveira, Mariana Fernandes Mendes de. January 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Camila Coelho Greco / Banca: Mauro Gonçalves / Banca: Luiz Guilherme Antonacci Guglielmo / Resumo: O principal objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a velocidade, concentração de lactato sanguíneo e os índices técnicos correspondentes à máxima fase estável de lactato sanguíneo obtida de forma contínua e intermitente na natação. Participaram deste estudo, 5 nadadores fundistas e 8 triatletas (23 + 9 anos, 1,76 + 0,1 m e 71,3 + 9,8 kg), com pelo menos 3 anos de experiência nas respectivas modalidades. Os indivíduos realizaram em diferentes dias, os seguintes testes, em uma piscina de 25 m: 1) repetição máxima na distância de 400 m; 2) teste incremental para a determinação do limiar de lactato (LL) e limiar anaeróbio (LAn); 3) 2 a 4 repetições com duração de 30 min em diferentes intensidades, para a determinação da máxima fase estável de lactato sanguíneo contínua (MLSSC), e; 4) 2 a 4 tentativas de 12 x 150 s com intervalo de 30 s (5:1) em diferentes intensidades, para a determinação da máxima fase estável de lactato sanguíneo intermitente (MLSSI). O LAn foi determinado por meio de interpolação linear entre a velocidade e a concentração de lactato, considerando uma concentração fixa de lactato de 3,5 mM. O critério de determinação da MLSSC e da MLSSI foi um aumento menor ou igual a 1 mM de lactato entre o décimo e o trigésimo min de exercício. Os índices técnicos taxa de braçada (TB), comprimento de braçada (CB) e índice de braçada (IB) foram determinados em todos os testes. A TB foi calculada por meio de filmagem utilizando o tempo necessário para se realizar cinco ciclos completos de braçadas. O CB foi calculado dividindo a velocidade pela TB. O IB foi determinado pelo produto da velocidade e o CB. De acordo com os dados do presente estudo, a máxima fase estável de lactato sanguínea é atingida em uma velocidade maior quando esta é determinada de forma intermitente (1,17 + 0,09 m.s-1) do que de forma contínua (1,13 + 0,08 m.s-1)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The main objective of this study was to compare the speed, blood lactate concentration and technical indexes corresponding to the maximal lactate steady state obtained with continuous and intermittent protocols. Thirteen endurance swimmers and triathletes (23.8 ± 9.5 yr., 1.76 ± 0.1 m and 71.3 ± 9.8 kg) participated of this study. The athletes had at least 3 years of experience in swimming. The individuals performed in different days, the following tests: 1) Maximal performance tests of 400 m; 2) Progressive test until exhaustion to determine the anaerobic threshold (AT); 3) 2 to 4 30-min repetitions in different intensities, to determine continuous maximal lactate steady state (MLSSC), and; 4) 2 to 4 trials of 12 x 150 s with 30 s of rest (5:1) at different intensities, to determine the intermittent maximal lactate steady state (MLSSI). The AT was determined trough linear interpolation between the speed and blood lactate concentration, considering a fixed blood lactate value of 3.5 mM. The criterion for the determination of MLSSC and MLSSI was an increase lower or equal to 1 mM of lactate between tenth and thirty min of exercise. Technical indexes stroke rate (SR), stroke length (SL) and stroke index (SI) were determined in all tests. The TB was calculated trough film using the time to perform five complete stroke cycles. The CB was calculated trough the quotient between the speed and SR. The SI was determined by the product of the speed and SL... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Page generated in 0.0981 seconds