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Lantmäterier i Norden : Dess centralorganisationer och det nordiska samarbetet / Land survey in the Nordic countries : It’s central organizations and the Nordic cooperationAugustsson, Angelica, Albertsson, Cecilia January 2016 (has links)
Studiens syfte är att belysa likheter och skillnader mellan de olika centralorganisationerna inom lantmäteri i Norden. Studien omfattar även det nordiska samarbetet för att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur länderna samarbetar inom lantmäteri. De nordiska ländernas centralorganisationer skiljer sig åt i uppbyggnad och arbetsmetoder. Fastighetsförändringar och den fastighetsrättsliga hanteringen är av lika stor vikt i samtliga länder som ingår i studien men hanteras på olika sätt. Danmarks centralorganisation består av tre styrelser. Privata aktörer utför förrättningar som sedan rapporteras till styrelserna för registrering. Organisationen är komplex på så vis att den inte är uppbyggd som en enda organisation, utan består av flera samarbetande parter. Finlands centralorganisation består av flera enheter, områden och avdelningar som styrs av direktörer. Organisationen är statlig där både förrättningar och inskrivning ligger inom centralorganisationens ansvar. Norges centralorganisation är statlig, med få arbetsområden och inriktningar. Inom organisationen hanteras kartor, inskrivning och fastighetsregistrering. Jordskifteretten, vilket är det domstolsväsen som utför stora och tvistiga förrättningar, så som jord-, skogsbruks- och samfällighetsförrättningar. Kommunerna utför de mindre och enklare förrättningarna, exempelvis fastighetsreglering inom detaljplan. Norges organisation går mot en privatiserad förrättningsprocess för att utveckla och förbättra lantmäteriförfarandet inom landet. Norges organisation är mindre i omfattning än de anda nordiska ländernas. Organisation består av färre divisioner och saknar enheter. Sverige har en statlig centralorganisation som hanterar förrättningar och inskrivning. Organisationen baseras på olika divisioner som hanterar fastighetsbildning, fastighetsinskrivning och geodesi. Nordiskt samarbete förekommer mellan både centralorganisationerna och ländernas lantmäteriföreningar, vilka syftar till att stärka samhörigheten och gemenskapen mellan lantmätarna. Samarbetet möjliggör kompetensutbyte, yrkesmässig- och personlig utveckling. Centralorganisationerna i Danmark, Finland, Norge och Sverige skiljer sig från varandra men det finns ändå vissa likheter. Möjligheten att skapa en organisation som fungerar över länderna gemensamt begränsas av den nationella lagstiftningen. En gemensam centralorganisation kommer således inte att bildas och är inte heller syftet med det nordiska samarbetet. / The purpose of the study is to highlight similarities and differences between the different central organizations for surveying in the Nordic counties. The Nordic cooperation’s will be examined to gain a deeper understanding for the cooperation between the countries. Denmark’s organization is consisted by several boards. Those who perform cadastral proce-dure are private operators who report changes in property to the boards for registration. The organization is complex and difficult to get an overview of. The central organization of Finland is large and extensive, with multiple devices, areas and departments controlled by directors. The organization is owned by the state where both cadastral procedure and cadastre is within the central organizations responsibility. The central organization of Norway is owned by the state, with few work areas and specializations. They handle maps, cadastre and registration. It is Jordsifteretten who perform major ordinances and municipalities perform the minor. They are investigation whether the cadastral procedure should be private in order to develop and improve the surveying process in the country. Sweden like Finland has a central organization owned by the state who is handling cadastral procedure and cadastre. The organization is built in a number of different divisions that manage registration of property, cadastre and geodesy. In addition to the government offices are also municipal offices. In both the central organizations and in the countries different surveying associations are Nordic cooperation’s. Both seek to strengthen communion and enable exchange of expertise between the counties. The central organizations of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden are different from each other, but there are still some similarities. The possibility to create an organization that works across the countries in common, is limited by national legislation. A unified central organization will therefore not be formed, nor is it the purpose of the Nordic cooperation’s. By mapping the central organizations an overview is created of the variations between the countries. But despite these differences succeed to get similar results in terms of surveying operations in the Nordic countries.
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Trajectoires d'européanisation : une comparaison des usages de l'Europe dans le secteur de la santé en Suède et en France (1945-2015) / Trajectories of Europeanisation : a comparison of usages of Europe in the health sector in France and Sweden (1945-2015)Davesne, Alban 11 October 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse de science politique propose de comparer l’européanisation des politiques de santé en Suède et en France dans une perspective historique et interactionniste. Depuis les années 1990, de nombreuses études ont démontré l’importance croissante des interventions de l’Union européenne dans le domaine de la santé. Mais peu de travaux se sont interrogés sur la manière dont l’institutionnalisation de l’action publique européenne s’articule avec les changements des politiques de santé nationales sur la longue durée. Partant du postulat selon lequel les systèmes de santé font partie des secteurs les plus solidement ancrés dans les espaces nationaux et sont organisés selon des modèles institutionnels très divers, il s’agit de comprendre comment les dimensions européennes des politiques de santé ont été construites et incorporées dans les systèmes nationaux. La comparaison entre les politiques de santé en Suède et en France se justifie d’une part par le fait que ces pays correspondent à deux grands types d’organisation des systèmes de santé existant au sein de l’Union européenne, respectivement les systèmes nationaux de santé et les systèmes d’assurance maladie, et d’autre part en raison de l’histoire européenne contrastée de ces deux pays, la France étant un État-membre fondateur et la Suède n’ayant rejoint l’UE que tardivement et sans enthousiasme. Nous pouvons ainsi démontrer sur une période longue et pour deux cas contrastés que les effets de l’intégration européenne ne se réduisent pas aux pressions européennes sur des systèmes de santé plus ou moins fit. En retraçant les trajectoires d’européanisation des politiques de santé suédoises et françaises sur une longue période et pour plusieurs enjeux clefs des modèles nationaux en termes d’organisation des soins (démographie médicale et choix des patients) et de santé publique (lutte contre le cancer, le tabagisme et l’alcoolisme), cette thèse montre que l’européanisation des politiques de santé est le fruit d’un travail politique ancien de construction d’acteurs domestiques en interactions. / This PhD thesis, in the field of political science, offers to compare the Europeanisation of health policies in France and Sweden, in a historic and interactionist perspective. Since the 1990s, numerous studies have shown the growing significance of the European Union’s intervention in the health sector. However, few of them have looked at how the institutionalisation of European public action interplays with national health policy changes in a long-term approach. Based on the premise that health systems are strongly embedded in national settings and are organised along very different institutional models, the aim is to understand how the European dimension of health policies have been built and incorporated into national systems. The comparison between health policies in Sweden and France is justified on the one hand by the fact that each country represents one of the two main type of health systems existing in the European Union, the national health and national insurance system respectively; and on the other hand by the contrasting European histories of these two states, France being one of the founding members and Sweden having joined the EU at a later stage and with little enthusiasm. We can thus show on a long period of time, and for two different cases, that the effects of European integration cannot be reduced to European pressures on health systems that are more or less fit. By tracing the trajectories of Europeanisation of Swedish and French health policies on a long period, and for key issues for the national models regarding healthcare services (demography of health care professionals and patient’s choice) and public health (fight against cancer, tobacco and alcohol addictions), this dissertation shows that the Europeanisation of health policies results from the long-term political work of construction of domestic actors in interaction.
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Severská spolupráce. Její proměny ve druhé polovině 20. století a současná podoba / Nordic Cooperation. Its Transformation in the Second Half of the 20th Century and its Current ShapeViktorová, Iva January 2008 (has links)
Diploma thesis "Nordic Cooperation. Its Transformation in the Second Half of the 20th Century and Its Current Shape" deals with the Nordic cooperation among Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden from the second half of the 20th century with the focus on the period from the 1990s till 2008. At the beginning, there is an introduction to the history of cooperation in Scandinavia till the 1990s and a description of two main institutions of the Nordic cooperation: the Nordic Council and the Nordic Council of Ministers. The main chapter analyses the Nordic cooperation from the 1990s, it focuses on areas and intensity of the cooperation and describes concrete programmes, projects, institutions, targets and results of the cooperation. The thesis also deals with the question of the impact of the three Baltic States involvement in the Nordic cooperation in the 1990s. The answer is that the internal Nordic cooperation has been developing very intensively - it was demonstrated by the analysis of the Nordic cooperation in the 1990s in the main chapter - without any affecting of the Baltic States involvement in the main. On the contrary, the Baltic States involvement has brouhgt the external opportunity for the Nordic countries to integrate into the cooperation in the Baltic Sea region.
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