L'époque contemporaine est marquée par le caractère apparemment inexorable de la progression de la dette publique. Sous l'effet de l'accumulation des déficits, cette dernière a augmenté quasiment sans discontinuer depuis la fin des années 1970. Au niveau international, l'encadrement normatif des politiques budgétaires n'a eu de cesse de s'accroître et la France n'est pas restée étrangère à cette tendance. Désireuse de maîtriser ses finances publiques sur le long terme et de ne plus prendre des mesures discrétionnaires conjoncturelles, la France a mis en place un certain nombre de règles budgétaires sous la Vème République. En effet, depuis la loi organique relative aux lois de finances (LOLF) du 1er août 2001, on constate une multiplication des « règles de gouvernance » des finances publiques avec une accélération depuis l'apparition de la crise économique et financière de 2008. Alors que certaines règles résultent de simples circulaires ou tout simplement de la pratique politique comme la règle de non remplacement d'un fonctionnaire sur deux partant en retraite issue de la révision générale des politiques publiques, d'autres proviennent d'engagements européens comme le pacte de stabilité et de croissance voire même de la Constitution elle même. Ainsi, l'objectif de la présente recherche est l’encadrement normatif des politiques budgétaires. Il s'agit de se demander si l'encadrement normatif des politiques budgétaires françaises participe efficacement à l'assainissement des finances publiques. / The contemporary time is marked by the apparently inexorable character of the progress of the national debt. Under the influence of the accumulation of the deficits, the latter increased almost ceaselessly since the end of 1970s. At the international level, the normative frame of the budgetary policies never stopped increasing and France did not remain foreign to this tendency. Avid to master its public finances on the long term and not to take any more cyclical discretionary measures, France set up a number of legal rules under Fifth Republic. Indeed, since the organic law relative to the finance laws (LOLF) of August 1st, 2001, we notice a multiplication (increase) of the "rules of governance" public finances with an acceleration since the appearance of the economic and financial crisis of 2008. While certain rules result from simple circulars or simply from the practice political as the rule of not replacement of a state employee on two retiring stemming from the general revision of the public policies, others result from European commitments as the pact of stability and from growth even of the Constitution she(it) even. So, the objective of the present search is the normative framework for fiscal policy. It is a question of wondering if the normative frame of the French budgetary policies participates effectively in the purification of the public finances.

Title: Against Dualism - Conceptual Art in the Context of Functional-Normative Theory Author: Michaela Brejcha Department: Department of Aesthetics Supervisor: Mgr. Ondřej Dadejík, Ph.D. Abstract: The present dissertation thesis focuses on the problem of theoretical reflection of conceptual art in Anglo American aesthetic discourse in the second half of 20th and the beginning of 21st centuries. It is based on the claim of many conceptual artists and also some theoreticians, which emerged in the nineteen- fifties, that the conceptual art or tendencies have nothing in common with aesthetics or aesthetic theory. This work shows that this presumed discord draws on reduced understanding of what is the aesthetics and, at the same time, this understanding itself is based on the dualistic paradigm, which presents one of the most fundamental frames for our approach to reality. In the context of analysis of selected texts of Anglo American aesthetics, eight particular distinctions of dualism will be defined, which to a great extent contributed to the rejection of aesthetics by conceptual artists, and on the other hand to bad recognition of conceptual art by the aesthetic theory. As an alternative to the dualistic approach in the context of definition of conceptual art, the fluid and dynamic conception of aesthetics...