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No description available.

Diss.--Rechts- und Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät--Universität Bayreuth, 1999. / Bibliogr. p. 413-435. Glossaire. Résumé en anglais.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rechts- und Staatswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität zu Freiburg im Breisgau, 1962. / Chiefly in German. Some text in English. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. iv-xi).

Akademisk avhandling--Historia--Uppsala, 1981. / Bibliogr. p. 274-279. Index.

This study examines the relationship between British perceptions and policies regarding India’s North-West Frontier and its Pathan inhabitants and the decline of British power in the subcontinent from 1919 to 1947. Its central argument is that two key constituencies within the framework of British India, the officers of the Indian Army and the Indian Political Service, viewed the Frontier as the most crucial region within Britain’s Indian Empire. Generations of British officers believed that this was the one place in India where the British could suffer a “knockout blow” from either external invasion or internal revolt. In light of this, when confronted by a full-scale Indian nationalist movement after the First World War, the British sought to seal off the Frontier from the rest of India. Confident that they had inoculated the Frontier against nationalism, the British administration on the Frontier carried on as if it were 30 years earlier, fretting about possible Soviet expansion, tribal raids, and Afghan intrigues. This emphasis on external menaces proved costly, however, as it blinded the British to local discontent and the rapid growth of a Frontier nationalist movement by the end of the 1920s. When the Frontier administration belatedly realized that they faced a homegrown nationalist movement they responded with a combination of institutional paralysis and brutality that underscored the British belief that the region constituted the primary bulwark of the British Raj. This violence proved counterproductive. It engendered wide-scale nationalist interest in the Frontier and effectively made British policy in the region a subject of All-Indian political debate. The British responded to mounting nationalist pressure in the 1930s by placing the Frontier at the center of their successful efforts to retain control of India’s defence establishment. This was a short-lived stopgap, however. By the last decade of British rule much of the Frontier was under the administration of the Indian National Congress. Moreover, the British not only concluded that Indian public opinion must be taken into account when formulating policy, but that nationalist prescriptions for the “problem” of the North-West Frontier should be enacted. / text

Doctoral thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

No / The Bala Hisar of Charsadda is a 23m high mound covering an area of some 25 hectares close to the confluence of the Swat and Kabul rivers in North West Frontier Province's Vale of Peshawa. Astride one of the arteries of the Silk Road, the uttarapatha, the mountain passes to its north and west link south Asia with central and western Asia. Strewn with thousands of ceramic sherds, cobbles and brickbats, the Bala Hisar was identified in 1863 as the city of Pushkalavati, one of the ancient capitals of Gandhar. Although not as formally investigated as Taxila to its south-east, it has been subject to antiquarian and archaeological interest for over 100 years on account of its historical links with the Achaemenid Empire and Alexander the Great. The focus of this research may have changed significantly over time, mirroring broader methodological and theoretical changes, but all researchers have attempted to identify when this great tell site was founded and occupied, and whether there is evidence of Alexander's siege of the site. These issues are not merely of interest to ancient historians but are of great interest to archaeologists of both southern and western Asia as the origins of South Asia second urbanisation are also under scrutiny, in Sir Mortimer Wheeler's words 'The outstanding importance of Charsadda lies in its earlier phases, when it was a metropolitan centre of Asiatic trade and meeting-place of oriental and occidental cultures'. Indeed, most archaeologists would agree that the Bala Hisar of Charsadda and Taxila are amongst the earliest cities that emerged during the subcontinent's second urbanization.

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010. / Thesis Advisor(s): Simons, Anna ; Second Reader: Sepp, Kalev. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Foreign Internal Defense (FID), Training and Advisory Assistance, Pakistan, Frontier Corps, Special Service Group (SSG), U.S. Army Special Forces, Tehrik e Taliban Pakistan (TTP), al-Qaeda, Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP), Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Waziristan Accord, Internal Defense and Development (IDAD), Security Force Assistance (SFA), International Military Education and Training (IMET), Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation Enduring Freedom-Afghanistan (OEF-A), Unconventional Warfare (UW), counterinsurgency, Operational Planning and Assistance Training Teams (OPATT), Civilian Auxiliary Force-Geographical Unit (CAFGU), Joint Special Operations Task Force-Philippines (JSOTF-P), Operation Cyclone, Movimento Popular di Libertacao di Angola (MPLA), Security Assistance Training Program (SATP). Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-80). Also available in print.

Este estudo aborda a diversificação produtiva do cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região Fronteira Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por meio da análise de sua trajetória a partir dos mecanismos de transbordamento (spillover) e spin-off. O cluster estudado se originou a partir de duas empresas-âncora que, inicialmente, eram voltadas a atividades advindas das tradições artesanais da marcenaria e da ferraria. A partir dessas atividades, o cluster se especializou no segmento metal-mecânico agrícola, mais especificadamente com a produção de colheitadeiras. Neste contexto, emerge a questão-problema que orienta este estudo: Qual a trajetória do cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região Fronteira Noroeste, com foco na diversificação produtiva, a partir dos efeitos de transbordamento (spillover) e nos processos de spin-off desencadeados pelas empresas-âncora? Para atender à questão da pesquisa, se coloca como objetivo geral: analisar a trajetória do cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região da Fronteira Noroeste, a partir dos efeitos de transbordamento (spillover) e nos processos de spin-off desencadeados pelas empresas-âncora. No que tange aos procedimentos metodológicos, foram utilizadas fontes de dados secundários e também foi realizada pesquisa de campo com levantamento de dados primários, para obter dados e informações que pudessem subsidiar a análise pretendida. Assim, foram aplicados questionários a gestores de empresas contempladas no estudo, prefeitos municipais, docentes de ensino superior e outros profissionais envolvidos com o desenvolvimento da região. Como principais resultados, o estudo evidencia que o cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região Fronteira Noroeste, na taxonomia de Markusen (1995), apresenta a configuração centro-radial, com complementaridade da tipologia plataforma industrial satélite. A principal característica do cluster é a especialização no setor metal-mecânico agrícola, com ênfase na produção de colheitadeiras. Esta característica perpassa todas as fases do ciclo de vida do cluster. Porém, a partir da fase de desenvolvimento há uma primeira iniciativa da diversificação começar por uma empresa-âncora, passando a produzir plantadeiras no ano de 1984, e uma segunda iniciativa da diversificação desta mesma empresa com a produção de tratores de roda a partir de 1996. O processo de diversificação produtiva do cluster metal-mecânico agrícola da região Fronteira Noroeste se intensifica por meio dos mecanismos de transbordamento (spillover) e spin-off, acelerando-se a partir das crises de 2004-2006 e 2008. A diversificação observada/detectada, porém, não corresponde ao estabelecimento de uma outra base produtiva e tecnológica. Continua a haver uma especialização no segmento metal-mecânico, mas ocorre uma diversificação de empresas e de produtos produzidos. Assim, a competitividade do cluster não depende somente de sua especialização, mas é potencializada a partir da sinergia criada pela especialização e diversificação. / This study addresses the productive diversification of the metal-mechanic agricultural cluster of North West Frontier area in Rio Grande do Sul state, through the analysis of the trajectory from the mechanisms spillover and spin-off. The cluster studied originated from two basis companies that were initially aimed at logs craft traditions of woodworking and blacksmithing. From these activities, the cluster specializes in metalworking agricultural sector, more specifically with the production of combine harvesters. In this context, arise questions of problem that guide this study: What is the trajectory of the metal-mechanic agricultural cluster in North West Frontier area, with a focus on diversification of production, from the spillover effects and spin-off processes triggered by basis companies? To answer the research question, arises as general objective: to analyze the trajectory of metal-mechanic agricultural cluster in North West Frontier area, from the spillover effects and the spin-off process triggered by basis companies. Regarding the methodological procedures were used secondary data sources and was also conducted field research with primary data collection, to obtain data and information that could support the desired analysis. Thus, we applied questionnaires to managers of companies included in the study, mayors, professors and other professionals involved with the development of the region. As main results, the study showed that the of metal-mechanic agricultural cluster in North West Frontier area, in the taxonomy of Markusen (1995), shows the center-radial configuration, with complementary typology satellite industrial platform. The main feature of the cluster is the specialization in the metal-mechanic agriculture sector, with emphasis on producing harvesters. This feature runs through all stages of the cluster life cycle. However, from the development phase there is a first initiative of diversification starting by a basis company, planters started producing in 1984, and a second initiative to diversify the same company with the production of tractors from 1996. The process of productive diversification of the metal-mechanic agricultural cluster in North West Frontier area intensifies through the mechanisms spillover and spin-off, speeding up from the crises of 2004-2006 and 2008. The diversification observed / detected, however, does not correspond to the establishment of another productive and technological base. There is still a segment specialization in metal-mechanic, but there is a diversification of businesses and products produced. Thus, the competitiveness of the cluster not depends only his expertise, but is powered from the synergy created by specialization and diversification.