Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 452-473).

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All public schools in the United States have been caught up in educational reform. This has especially been true since the 1980’s. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was a major component in how schools have changed the process of educating students. In response to reform efforts, many schools have relied on their own knowledge to achieve higher test scores. In the last several years, accountability standards have been increasing. Schools are being assessed according to national standards. Because of this, many schools are using different methods of instruction for students at-risk of failing. One method of instruction that many schools have turned to is tutoring. Tutoring has been used in education for a long period of time. The use of tutoring and its effectiveness have been well established in the literature. However, there is not much literature on why tutoring is effective. There is also limited research on the tutor perceptions of the tutoring program. The focus of this study is to examine the use of tutors in Northeast Mississippi school districts. This study explores the grade levels and subjects tutors work in, how the tutoring sessions are organized, and the focus and materials of the tutoring sessions. Additionally, the backgrounds, experiences, training, and perceptions of the tutors regarding the tutoring program are explored. The results of this study suggest that tutors of schools in the Northeast Mississippi districts are utilized in a manner consistent with the research on effective tutoring. Additionally, the findings of this study add to the literature in regards to the organization, focus, and materials of the tutoring sessions. The findings show that some schools in Northeast Mississippi have a good organized tutoring program, but that others do not. Conversely, the focus and materials used in most of the tutoring sessions are consistent with ones shown to be effective in research. The findings also give some insight into tutor perspectives regarding tutoring sessions. Tutor perspectives coincide with research findings that show one-to-one and small group tutoring is effective and that tutors need training, observation, and feedback on tutoring to be most successful.

「中國鐵路史，痛史也。海通以還，因外交而涉鐵路，因鐵路而啟外交，相摩相盪。 其間錯綜變化，殆莫不以投資問題為其樞機」。而藏在投資問題背後的真正原因，則 為列強對華之野心，此現象在東北地區表現的尤其明顯。 日本以鐵路為經營滿洲之根幹，以南滿鐵路公司為政策執行的大本營，先後制定了南 滿鐵路中心主義、二港二線主義等鐵路政策，表面目的在攫取東北經濟資源，最終目 的則在併吞滿蒙。１９２０年代，中國開始在東北大力興築自有鐵路和開闢葫蘆島港 ，制定了包圍南滿鐵路政策，以期與南滿鐵路競爭，欲達到使南滿鐵路萎縮，打擊日 本勢力的目的。日本遭此空前挑戰，在東北勢力瀕臨動搖，為挽救危機，遂不惜發動 九一八事變，用武力佔領東北，以解除後患。本論文即欲以鐵路問題為核心，探討日 俄戰爭到九一八事變期間，鐵路對中日雙方在東北勢力消長的影響，另方面也藉以闡 明中日近百年來爭戰不已的真正原因所在，並說明鐵路對東北近代化的影響。 鐵路問題由政策而起，故研究主要由中日政府的官方資料下手，而以參與政策執行者 留下的資料為輔，希冀能自其中發掘出隱藏在引發鐵路問題背後的真正動機。 日俄戰後，日本勢力之所以能在短短二十年間於東北狀大，除了其政府不遺餘力的謀 劃和努力執行外，企業家和人民的團結與支持，亦起了相當的作用。反觀中國，袁世 凱、段祺瑞等人為個人私利而不惜出賣國權的作風，實令人感慨。日本之強，不是沒 有原因的；中國之弱，也不全是列強侵略所致，本身的種種問題才是真正癥結所在啊 ！

Hindcasts from the Directional Ambient Noise Estimation System (DANES) model were compared to in situ ambient noise measurements to determine the accuracy of the U.S. Navy's ambient noise model. One hundred fifty eight (158) sonobuoy ambient noise measurements were acquired at eight locations in the Northeast Pacific (NEPAC) Ocean during November and December 1980. For each sonobuoy observation a DANES hindcast was made using archived fields from Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center for the simultaneous time and location. The difference between the predictions and measurements was calculated. A maximum mean error of 4.9 dB occurred at 200 Hz which appeared to be due to errors in the DANES Historical Temporal Shipping (HITS) data base. The model was insensitive to synoptic shipping, sound speed profiles and wind field inputs when the HITS data base was utilized.

This thesis is using a framework to analyse the process of transition from foraging to farming in northeast China. Tool complexes analysis is the particular method used to retreive prehistoric economies. Based on the result of these case studies about prehistoric economies in northeast China, this thesis attemp to apply the availability model of transition to farming in northern Europe, proposed by Zvelebil and Rowley-Convy, in the new area northeast China. The result of this research has implicated that the transition to farming in prehistory is the result of the interaction between human societies and environment. among many factors in this interaction, the motivation that prehistoric societies choosing agriculture economy to meet social, political and economic needs would have to be the major one leading to the transition occurred.

This thesis is using a framework to analyse the process of transition from foraging to farming in northeast China. Tool complexes analysis is the particular method used to retreive prehistoric economies. Based on the result of these case studies about prehistoric economies in northeast China, this thesis attemp to apply the availability model of transition to farming in northern Europe, proposed by Zvelebil and Rowley-Convy, in the new area northeast China. The result of this research has implicated that the transition to farming in prehistory is the result of the interaction between human societies and environment. among many factors in this interaction, the motivation that prehistoric societies choosing agriculture economy to meet social, political and economic needs would have to be the major one leading to the transition occurred.

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Linguistics, June 2000. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.