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The voyages of Gray, Kendrick, and Ingraham along the northwest coast of America from 1788 to 1793McFadyen, Prudence Marie. January 1922 (has links)
Thesis (M.A. in History)--University of California, Berkeley, Dec. 1922. / Bibliography: leaves 96-99.
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Relationships between lower trophic levels and hydrography during an upwelling season off OregonSchonzeit, Michael Harvey 27 July 1972 (has links)
Graduation date: 1973
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Tactics of Pacific Northwest albacore fishermen - 1968, 1969, 1970Keene, Donald Frederick 12 April 1974 (has links)
This study examines the relationship between fishing activities
of Pacific Northwest albacore fishermen and the availability of albacore.
Tactical responses of troll-boat fishermen were compared to
changes in daily apparent albacore abundance. Tactical responses
included boat aggregation and total applied effort (number of boats)
within a particular area, and net daily distances traveled by individual
boats and the medial center of the fleet. Apparent abundance estimates
were derived from logbook catch records collected during the
1968, 1969 and 1970 seasons.
Fishing power estimates of individual vessels allowed comparisons
to be made of the most successful and least successful boats.
In general, the most successful boats were larger, fished nearer
the fleet center, traveled less net distance each day and caught more
but smaller fish than the less successful boats. The magnitude of the
differences between the most successful and least successful boats
decreased progressively from 1968 to 1970.
Apparent abundance fluctuations were synchronous in separate
areas of the 1968 fishery but not in the 1969 and 1970 fisheries.
Fluctuations tended to be periodic in 1969 and 1970 but not in 1968.
No generalizations as to apparent abundance (patchiness, size of
albacore concentrations) could be determined among years.
Fishermen responded quickly to changes in apparent abundance
during 1968. Boats were highly aggregated on days of high catches,
and dispersed on days of low catches. Fishermen responses during
1969 were one day out of phase with catches. Boats aggregated one
day after days of high catches, indicating that fishermen experienced
difficulty in staying on concentrations of fish. In 1970 fishermen
experienced no difficulty in staying on fish concentrations as record
daily catches were reported.
According to interviews and questionnaires, albacore fishermen
rely heavily on inter-boat communications for planning their daily
fishing tactics. A consequence of this reliance on radio communication
appears to be a greater degree of boat aggregation and less willingness
to scout in areas away from the central fleet area. Areas to the north
and south of the central fleet were shown to have high estimates of
albacore abundance but were exploited by very few boats. Greater
dispersal of the fleet and use of several survey boats are suggested
as a means of increasing the total fishing catch. / Graduation date: 1974
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The patterns of abundance and relative abundance of benthic holothurians (Echinodermata:Holothurioidea) on Cascadia Basin and Tuft's Abyssal Plain in the northeast Pacific OceanCarney, Robert S. 14 September 1976 (has links)
Graduation date: 1977
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The biological and acoustical structure of sound scattering layers in the ocean off OregonKalish, John M. 06 February 1984 (has links)
Graduation date: 1984
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Sedimentation, economic enrichment and evaluation of heavy mineral concentrations on the southern Oregon continental marginBowman, Kenneth Charles Jr 08 February 1972 (has links)
Heavy minerals can contain potentially economic amounts of
metals as both matrix and trace constituents. Such minerals appear
as unconsolidated black sands on the continental shelf off southwest
Oregon and along the Oregon coast. Two diverse energies are considered in this investigation. Environmental energy of the depositional
regimen, Part I; energy involved in crystallization of transition
metals from a magma, Part III. In Part II, an analytical scheme for
the evaluation of opaque oxides is proposed, and an examination of the
results as applied to two samples is presented.
Part I
The unconsolidated black sands on the Oregon continental margin
have been profoundly affected by tectonic uplift aid by cyclic erosive
transgression and regression. Progressive enrichment in heavy
minerals from the Klamath Mountains has apparently occurred during
each glacio-eustatic regression of the Pleistocene seas, each regression
a period of intensified erosion and sediment transport. Subsequent
erosive transgressions selectively sort and redistribute these
heavy minerals into paralic beach and nearshore deposits. Uplift of
the coast and shelf implies that the heavy minerals were reworked
during the Holocene transgression into concentrations of greater
extent and higher ore tenor than relict deposits of earlier transgressions
in upraised Pleistocene terraces. Extrapolation of ore
reserve values from the terraces by "Mirror Image" concepts might
seriously underestimate the potential of offshore deposits. Offshore
heavy mineral concentrations should be coincident with observed
submarine terraces.
Part II
An analytic scheme was developed to investigate opaque oxides
in two samples; one from the Pleistocene terraces; the other from
near the present shelf edge. Analyses involving X-ray diffraction
techniques, atomic absorption and neutron activation established the
mineralogy and elemental distribution in magnetically separated diagnostic
splits. Chrome spinel, ilmenite and magnetite comprise the
opaque oxide fraction in both samples.
Correlation studies of these analyses suggest:
(1) Chromium is a matrix metal of chrome spinel and is diadochic
into magnetite.
(2) Iron appears in all opaque oxides and in increasing amounts
with increasing magnetic susceptibility.
(3) Titanium is a matrix metal in ilmenite, and diadochic into
chrome spinel and magnetite.
(4) Nickel and ruthenium are diadochic into and correlated to the
spinel structure; i.e. to chrome spinel and magnetite.
(5) Osmium appears to be correlated to chromium.
(6) Zinc is limited to spinel in these samples.
Part III
Goldschmidt's and Ringwood's criteria for diadochy often fail to
explain the distribution of the transition metals because crystal field
effects are not considered. Favored d[superscript n] configurations, e.g. octahedrally
coordinated, low spin d⁶ cations in the spinel minerals, result
in shortened interatomic distance and significantly strengthened
cation-ligand bonds, possibly affecting the distribution of such metal
cations.
The octahedral site preference energy parameter (OSPE) has
been used to explain distributional behavior of the first (3d) transition
series metals. OSPE calculations for four low spin d⁶ cations -
Co(III), Ru(II), Rh(III), and Pt(IV) - give significantly high values for
this parameter.
High OSPE valued transition metal cations possibly form stable
proto-mineral oxide complexes in the magma which persist through
crystallization. These associations predetermine the enrichment of
transition metals in oxide minerals and act as nuclei during cooling
and solidification.
Subduction of oxidized and hydrolyzed near-surface rocks down
a Benioff zone provides progressively higher Eh in the magma, a
variety of cation oxidation states, and water for sepentinization of
ultramafic rocks. The distribution of the platinum metals in a
strongly reducing magma environment should be different than in the
oxidizing magma proposed for the Klamath ultramafics.
The OSPE parameter offers an explanation for the observed
distribution of platinum group metals in spinel minerals from this
investigation, in chromites from Uralian dunitic massifs and the
Stillwater complex; and of iridium from the Great Lake Doleritic
Sheet, Tasmania. Chrome spinel from Oregon had twice the concentration
of ruthenium, and one-third the amount of osmium as similar
Uralian chromite deposits. The first significant concentration of
ruthenium in magnetite is herein reported recommending continued
research into the platinum metal distribution in southwest Oregon. / Graduation date: 1972
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A study of the seasonal variation in temperature and salinity along the Oregon-Northern California coastBourke, Robert H. January 1972 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1972. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-107).
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The Ground Slate Transition on the Northwest Coast: Establishing a Chronological FrameworkDinwiddie, Joshua Daniel 10 October 2014 (has links)
This thesis establishes the earliest appearance of ground slate points at 50 locations throughout the Northwest Coast of North America. Ground slate points are a tool common among maritime hunter-gatherers, but rare among hunter-gatherers who utilize terrestrial subsistence strategies; ground slate points are considered one of the archaeological hallmarks of mid-to-late Holocene Northwest Coast peoples. The appearance of ground slate points in the archaeological record is frequently marked by a concurrent decline in the prevalence of flaked stone points, a phenomenon often referred to as "the ground slate transition." Until now, the specific timing of the appearance of these tools has been ill-defined, and a number of competing theories have arisen to explain the apparent preference for ground slate points over flaked points by prehistoric peoples. By drawing upon a sample of 94 artifact assemblages from 50 sites in Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington, I have constructed a database of artifacts counts, provenience information, and radiocarbon dates which allows for inter-site comparisons of the earliest appearance of the technology. My research has identified a general north to south trend in the appearance of slate points; which begin to appear in the archaeological record around 6,300 cal BP in southeast Alaska, to 2,900 cal BP in Puget Sound. There are notable exceptions to this pattern, however. Given that these data are drawn from both cultural resource management reports and academic literature, I have qualified these findings by addressing some of the common problems of making inter-site comparisons, such as the comparability of radiometric dates, which I address by undertaking a radiocarbon hygiene program. The chronology constructed here provides an important tool for evaluating theories about the ground slate transition, and thereby aiding in untangling the link between aquatic subsistence strategies and technological decision making.
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At home afloat: gender and domesticity in Northwest Coast marine travel accountsPagh, Nancy 11 1900 (has links)
The ideology of home—essentially the notion that "a woman's place is in the home"—
tends to shape the expectations and assumptions of both men and women regarding the
interests and abilities of women on the water. In "At Home Afloat: Gender and
Domesticity in Northwest Coast Marine Travel Accounts," I analyze those expectations
and their effects in a regional context. Reading accounts by female boat tourists between
1861 and 1990, I question the ways that gender influences the roles women play at sea,
the spaces they occupy on boats, and the language they use to construct their experiences,
their surroundings, and their contact with native peoples.
In this dissertation I show women—traditionally forbidden in marine environments
—participating in Northwest Coast steam tourism from its initiation, and influencing
steamship company promotional language. I trace a history of women who enter the
local recreational boating community and alter it with their home-making skills and their
demand for "houseboats," and I map how domestic ideology can divide the built space of
the boat into gender-specific territories. Women who labor in marine occupations
(fishers, towboaters) cope with the limitations of a "masculine" environment. My work
shows how female tourists, who typically cruise as "mates" with their captains/husbands,
cope with these same limitations while bearing the added responsibility of answering to
the patriarchal head of household; as a result, women who gain access to boats through
their domestic abilities can be "ghettoized" in the galley. This project hypothesizes that
"feminine discourse" (shaped by the Victorian cult of the home), together with the limitations of steamship transportation, led nineteenth-century female boat travellers to
portray native women as "counterfeit ladies" and to seek homescapes in the mixed
land/seascape. After the turn of the century-with the rise of the myth of the
disappearing Indian, and the growing popularity of small-boat cruising—female boat
tourists use feminine discourse to question their own position as outsider in the native
world. Finally, I show that although literary works rely on seascape metaphors to
symbolize woman's escape from the "social moorings" of gender expectations, these
travellers tend to depict themselves in traditional domestic roles and find the waterscape
largely "indescribable." Their accounts focus on "enfolding" nature into the ship's
household, and emphasize female connections to the land.
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Integrated geophysical modelling of the northern Cascadia subduction zoneDehler, Sonya Astrid January 1991 (has links)
The northern Cascadia subduction zone involves convergence of the Explorer Plate and northern part of the Juan de Fuca Plate with the North American Plate along a margin lying west of Vancouver Island, Canada. A wide accretionary complex which underlies the continental slope and shelf has been formed. Two allochthonous terranes, the Crescent Terrane of Eocene oceanic crustal volcanics and the Pacific Rim Terrane of Mesozoic melange sedimentary rocks and volcanics, lie against the Wrangellia Terrane backstop beneath the west coast of Vancouver Island and outcrop on the southern tip of the island. The intrusive Coast Plutonic Complex underlies the westernmost part of the British Columbia mainland east of Vancouver Island and marks the location of the historic and modern volcanic arcs.
An integrated interpretation of geophysical and geological data has been conducted for the northern Cascadia subduction zone. Regionally extensive gravity and magnetic anomaly data have formed the basis of the interpretation, while surface geology, physical properties, and seismic reflection, refraction, heat flow, borehole, magnetotelluric, and seismicity data have provided constraints on structure and composition. Horizontal gradient and vertical derivative maps of the potential field data were calculated to provide additional control on the locations of major faults and lithologic boundaries.
Iterative forward modelling of the gravity and magnetic anomaly data was conducted along three offshore multichannel seismic reflection lines and their onshore extensions. The two-and-a-half-dimensional (2.5-D) models extended from the ocean basin across the accretionary
complex and Vancouver Island to the mainland along lines perpendicular to the major structural trends of the margin and revealed lateral changes in the location of several structural components along the length of the margin. The interpretations were extended
laterally by moving the original models to adjacent parallel positions and perturbing them to satisfy the new anomaly profile data and other constraints. The models thus formed were moved to the next position and the process repeated until a total of eleven models was developed
across the margin. A twelfth line across a gravity anomaly high on southern Vancouver Island was independently modelled to examine the source of this feature.
An average density model for the southern half of the convergent margin was constructed by averaging the models and profiles for seven lines at 10 km spacings. This process removed anomalies due to small source bodies and concentrated on the larger features. Finally, a regional density structural model was developed by linearly interpolating between all eleven cross-margin lines to construct a block model which could then be 'sliced' open to examine the internal structure of the margin at any location.
The final models allow the Pacific Rim and Crescent Terrane positions to be extended along the offshore margin from their mapped locations. The Pacific Rim Terrane appears to be continuous and close to the coastline along the length of Vancouver Island, while the Crescent Terrane either terminates halfway along the margin or is buried at a depth great enough to suppress its magnetic signature. The location of the Westcoast Fault, separating the Pacific Rim and Wrangellia Terranes, has been interpreted to lie west of Barkley Sound at a position 15 km west of its previously interpreted position. Beneath southern Vancouver Island and Juan de Fuca Strait, the Crescent Terrane appears to have been uplifted into an anticlinal structure, bringing high density lower crustal or upper mantle material close to the surface and thereby causing the observed gravity anomaly high.
The western part of the Coast Plutonic Complex has been interpreted as a thin lower density layer extending from its surface contact with Wrangellia to a position 20 to 30 km further east where the unit rapidly thickens and represents the main bulk of the batholith. The complexity of the thermal regime and its effects on density in this region allows for other interpretations.
Finally, a comparison of the models along the length of the margin reveals that the crust of Vancouver Island appears to thin toward the north above the shallower Explorer Plate and the complex low - high density banding used in the southern Vancouver Island models is replaced with a single high density unit on the northernmost line. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate
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