No-notice incidents occur with no advance notice of time and place. Family members may be separated when a no-notice incident strikes during the daytime. They may seek to gather the household members first and evacuate as a unit, and parents may head in the "wrong" direction to pick up their children from schools/daycare centers. Many previous studies have acknowledged that such behavior exists but few, if any, have examined it in-depth. Additionally, this behavior has rarely been integrated with transportation simulation models of evacuation conditions. As shown through this work, such omissions generate overly optimistic network performance. Acknowledging the behavior also leads to potential network improvements by moving dependents (people being picked up by other household members) to more accessible locations. This study investigated no-notice evacuation household gathering behavior based on 315 interviews conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area, in which interviewees were asked about their evacuation and logistic decisions. The study analyzed household pick-up and gathering behavior from the interviews, developed models to represent the behavior, and integrated the household behavior models with network simulation modeling to examine the effects of household behaviors on network evacuation performance. Logistic regression models were built to predict the probability that parents retrieve children from school in normal and emergency situations. Gender, car availability, and travel distance (between parents and children) were the main influencing factors to determining child-chauffeuring travel behavior, where gender difference appeared to be most prominent. Women are more responsible for picking up children from school than men, and both women and men are more likely to pick up children under emergency conditions compared to a normal situation. A complex model to integrating human behavior analysis and network assignment modeling was presented in this study. The model follows the traditional four step urban transportation planning process and 1) estimates household gathering chains in an evacuation using a discrete choice (Logit) model and sequences chains following the principle of "nearest first", 2) assigns directions of destinations ensuring the least travel time to safe zones from the last stop within the hot zones, 3) applies decision tree based mode choice models to determine the mode used for evacuation, and 4) uses a dynamic assignment method to assign time-varying demand to the network. The whole framework was tested in the Chicago metropolitan region for two hypothetical incidents, one causing a 5-mile evacuation radius and the other a 25-mile radius evacuation. The results showed that considering household gathering behavior will reduce proportions of evacuees who reach safe zones by a certain time period, while not necessarily deteriorating overall network traffic performance. To facilitate the chain-based evacuations, a relocation model is proposed by moving carless dependents of facilities (such as schools and daycare centers) to more accessible locations for pickup; a linear integer program is presented to determine optimal sites. The optimization model uses estimated travel time obtained from a micro-simulation model and a procedure is presented to iterate between the two models (optimization and simulation). The methodology was applied to a sample network based on Chicago Heights, Illinois. The sample application involved four facilities with 780 dependents and three safe time thresholds, i.e., 30, 45 and 60 minutes. The sample application tested two scenarios - no mode shift and mode shift from car to bus - and introduced average speed and the number of successful evacuations of dependents to evaluate the performance of a relocation strategy. The safe evacuation time threshold was quite important for the relocation strategy; when it is adequate, relocating dependents benefits both those picking up dependents and the other vehicles in the network. This dissertation contributes to the fields of evacuation modeling and transportation engineering, in general. This study investigates child pick-up, spouse gathering, and home gathering behavior during hypothetical incidents, and identifies characteristics associated with household decision makers that influence this behavior. The study also presents a model to integrate the behavior with road network simulation modeling; the combined model could be used to investigate the effects of gathering behavior on network traffic performance and identify potential spatial and temporal bottlenecks. Finally, this work explored a strategy to facilitate household pick up chains by relocating facility dependents to more accessible site. The study can support any city evacuation plan development. / Ph. D.

TITLE: Types Of Employment Termination SUMMARY: First of all I would like to answer the basic question why the theme of my thesis is Types Of Employment Termination. I assume that everyone has an experience with an employment and in consequence with employment termination so this theme is relevant for everyone, but not everyone knows the effective legal regulation. The aim of the thesis is to explain and summarize effective legal regulation of the labour law and also focus on controversial points. I made an effort at the conclusion to point out couple of disputed issues and to propose several amendments. The thesis is composed of six parts, introductory and conclusion. Most of them dealing with different types of employment termination, and the others look at related obligations and claims in case of invalidity of employment termination. In introductory of my thesis I explain why I choose exactly the theme about employment termination, mention how the thesis is systematically divided and what the parts are about. In part One I try to focus on employment termination generally and explain its basic terminology. Part Two is divided into several subparts. First subpart is concerned with an agreement on employment termination. Second subpart relates to a notice generally, notice period, notice given by an...

Univ., Diss.--Paris.

Form and requisites of termination of the residential lease Abstract The thesis targets the form and requisites of notice of termination of a residential lease in the light of the requirements arising from both the general regulation of legal acts and the general regulation of the lease to the specifics of the special regulation of the residential lease. The thesis is divided into eight chapters, the first of which deals with the notice in the light of general regulation of the lease (the author chose to devote this a separate chapter since he believes that this will achieve greater clarity). It describes both the legal regulation exclusive to renting in general, as well as legal regulation common to a residential lease. The second chapter deals with the form of termination, ie the requirement of a written form. This chapter separately describes both elements of the written form - written document and signature. Concerning the scope of this issue, a separate third chapter was devoted to the service of the notice, which seeks to present all conceivable situations that may arise during the service of the notice. Due to the scope of the issue (as well as due to the specific nature of the problem), the fourth chapter devoted to electronic notice was set aside as a separate one. The author considers this chapter...

Notice of termination of employment in selected EU member states The diploma thesis analyses the legal regulation of notice of termination from employer's side in the Czech Republic and its comparison with Austrian and German legal regulation of the same institute. Thanks to the comparison it will be possible to reach the aim of the thesis which is to find out how social is the Czech attitude regarding this topic and to discover all the possible differences and similarities among all the three legal regulations. The first chapter serves as an introduction to the particular national labour legal provisions including the development and describes the main sources of law concerning the labour law. The pivotal chapter concentrates on individual reasons for dismissal under section 52 of the Czech Labour Code to which the thesis searches for the same or similar legal regulation within the other two legal systems. This chapter is divided into the subchapters as every of them focuses on one group of reasons for dismissal. At the end of each subchapter examples from Austria and Germany are given which prove differences and similarities among the three legal systems. This logic of subchapter arrangement enables easier understanding of individual reasons for dismissal and their examples in all the three...

Title: Comparison of legal regulation of notice of termination in the Czech Republic and Poland The aim of this master thesis is the comparison of legal regulation of notice of termination of employment relationship in the Czech Republic and Poland. This paper provides an overview of the legislation of notice of termination in these two states and in the end contains the comparison and evaluation of legal regulations concerned. The work consists of eight chapters, introduction and conclusion. The first chapter outlines the international and European legislation related to labour law with emphasis on termination of employment. The chapter contains a number of international conventions adopted in particular within the ILO as well as European legislation which deals with this issue. The second chapter contains treatise on termination of employment relationship in general, where the basic sources of national labour law in each country and a brief description of all forms of termination of employment relationship are stated. This chapter also contains a brief description of the relationship between civil and labour law and its development. The third chapter discusses the substantive aspects of notice of termination. It starts with general commentary on the concept of notice of termination, continues by...

The diploma thesis is focused on the apartment lease termination. The goal of the thesis is to analyse legislation of the ways of apartment lease termination which are the most important in practice. Specifically it includes an agreement, an expiry of the period, a notice and a death of a lessee. Another goal of the thesis is to identify and aim at shortcomings of the current legislation and also to propose their suitable solutions. The thesis consists of introduction, three parts and conclusion. It draws information from legal regulations, legal literature, case law and other. The first part of the thesis deals with general characteristics of apartment lease and its termination. The legislation, basic features of apartment lease and its termination are described there and also the classification of the ways of apartment lease termination is done there. The second part of the thesis describes the ways of apartment lease termination except notice. At first the attention is concentrated on an agreement about apartment lease termination, mainly its form and consequences followed from a breach of the form. Then the thesis is focused on apartment lease termination by expiry of the period and also on renewal of lease which relates to it. Subsequently problems of a death of the lessee and the passage of...

A falta de qualidade das obras públicas no Brasil povoa os noticiários diários. Os exemplos são abundantes, atribuídos a contratos mal elaborados, falhas graves nos projetos ou mesmo à ausência desses, licitações frustradas, obras interrompidas e superfaturadas, desvios de recursos e corrupção. Tentar compreender melhor essa situação é a motivação desta dissertação, que discorre sobre a contratação pública de projetos de edificações e, para isso, estuda o projeto e sua encomenda. A licitação é um procedimento obrigatório para a celebração de qualquer contrato público. Entre outros requisitos, a lei de licitações exige que a proposta seja a “mais vantajosa” para a administração, algo que tem levado à adoção indiscriminada do critério do “menor preço”, sendo incoerente com a doutrina jurídica e contrariando as pesquisas científicas, que consideram o projeto relevante para a qualidade final da obra. O problema de pesquisa questiona exatamente por que a Administração Pública tem contratado por menor preço um serviço que deveria ser contratado por critérios técnicos e de qualidade? O objetivo da dissertação é propor uma explicação para essa situação a partir de revisão bibliográfica, análise da legislação, realização de pesquisa documental com editais de licitação, aplicação de questionários de opinião com arquitetos e outros atores, além de entrevista direta com o autor da lei de licitações. Finalmente, o trabalho comprova a relevância do projeto, mas também desvenda sua irrelevância identificando que o menor preço não é o único problema e, mesmo que “todos” afirmem ser contra o menor preço, o povo segue pagando caro por projetos baratos. / The qualityless of public works in Brazil is currently in the daily news. Examples of it are plentiful, attributed to poorly drafted contracts, serious failures or even absence of projects, frustrated bids, discontinued and overpriced works, waste of resources and corruption. The motivation of this dissertation is trying to better understand this situation, which focuses on the public contracting of building projects and, for this, studies the project itself and its order. Bidding is a mandatory procedure for obtaining any public contract. Among other requirements, the bidding law requires that the proposal be the "most advantageous" for the administration, which ledded to the indiscriminate adoption of the "lowest price" criteria, incoerent with the juridical doctrine and opposite to scientific research, which consider the project relevant to the final quality of the building work. The research problem questions why the Public Administration has contracted for a lower price a service that should be contracted by technical and quality criteria? The objective of the dissertation is to propose an explanation for this situation from a bibliographical review, an analysis of the legislation, a documental research on bid’s documents, an opinion questionaries applying to architects and other actors, as well as direct interview with the author of the bidding law. Finally, the research proves the relevance of the project, but also reveals its irrelevance by identifying that the lowest price is not the only problem, and even if "everyone" claims to be against the lowest price, people continue to pay expensive for cheap projects.

The topic of my thesis is An Employment Notice, comparing Czech and German regulation. The purpose of the thesis is to describe and to analyse an employment notice according to Czech Labour Codex and German Labour statutes. First chapter presents legal principals. Second chapter is to consider the role of international organisations and the European Union within in the context of an employment notice. In next one types of employment termination are introduced, for instance an agreement on employment termination, the institute of an employment notice, termination due to employee's death and an employment termination of fixed period. Following chapter is crucial one for the aim of my thesis. It is divided into several parts which deal with reasons of employment termination by an employer, types of an employment notice, delivery, grounds of employment notice, notice periods, and a protection against an employment notice. That chapter also contains comparison of Czech and German law. Next part of my thesis is to be concerned with collective dismissal in Czech and German regulation. In my conclusion I summarize essential differences between both national regulations and try to outline suitable regulation legal arrangement of an employment notice "de lege ferenda".

This thesis deals with termination of flat lease. The main aim of this thesis was to focus on particular ways by which lease of flat terminates. Significant part of the thesis is devoted to termination of flat lease by notice, which is relatively in detail defined on Act. No. 40/1964 Col., the Civil Code. The Supreme court's decisions are published in the thesis very often, because these decisions take irretrievable place in the field of termination of flat lease. The thesis contains also short discourse about several questions concerning termination of flat lease.