The following study describes the French colonisation in New France and focuses on the inability of the French to establish a presence in North America. This research is based on two essential parts. The first part includes two chapters. The first describes the beginning of the exploration and the first establishment of the permanent French colonies in North America. The second is about the emergence of a strong French empire and the factors that led to the temporary success of the French colonies. The second part consists of the factors that led to the weakening of this empire and contributes to the failure of a permanent French presence in North America.