Growth of population, affluence, industrialization and urbanization drive both the demand for fresh water and the demand for electric energy upwards. China and India with their large and growing populations and quick industrialization are markets with large unmet demand for electric energy and fresh water. Literature often suggests that fresh water crisis is a major threat to sustainable development in 21st century. Nuclear desalination systems are power plants based on small nuclear power generating units connected to a desalination unit. Nuclear desalination systems are capable of cogenerating electricity and fresh water at low cost. This paper identifies market opportunities for nuclear desalination systems and forecasts the demand for nuclear desalination systems in China and India from 2008 to 2030.