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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Estruturas rotacionais quadrupolares elétricas e dipolares magnéticas nos núcleos de 105Rh e 108Pd / Structures rotational electric quadrupole magnetic dipole nuclei 105Rh 108Pd

Juan Antonio Alcántara Núñez 18 December 2003 (has links)
As estruturas dos núcleos de ANTPOT. 105 Rhe de ANTPOT 108.Pd foram estudadas usando a reação ANTPOT. 100 Mo(ANTPOT. 11 Bxalfaypzn) na energia incidente de 43 MeV. Foram realizadas as medidas de coincidências gama-gama, gama-gama- multiplicidade de partículas carregadas e das correlações angulares utilizando o espectrômetro gama formado por 4 detectores HPGe e o sistema ancilar de detectores de partículas carregadas. No núcleo de ANTPOT. 105 Rh foi observada pela primeira vez a banda gama, indicando a existência de trixialidade em baixo spin, e uma nova estrutura baseada no orbital intruso (431)1/2 POT. +. Duas estruturas formadas por uma quasi-próton, pig IND. 9/2 e pi[301]1/2 POT. -, foram estendidas, e em ambos casos foram observadas as duas signatures. Quatro bandas de dipolo magnético foram observadas em alto spin, sendo três delas de paridade negativa e com características similares: muito regulares, alinhamento quase constante e valores de B(M1)/B(E2) relativamente grandes. Duas destas bandas são aproximadamente degeneradas em energia de excitação, e podem ser consideradas como parceiras quirais com uma configuração pig IND. 9/2 vh IND. 11/2 v(g IND. 7/2, d IND. 5/2). No núcleo de ANTPOT. 108 Pd foram observadas pela primeira vez as duas signatures da banda de configuração negativa vh IND. 11/2 v(g IND. 7/2, d IND. 5/2), e uma banda com intensidade relativa baixa, à qual pode ser atribuída uma configuração de paridade positiva (vh IND. 11/2) POT. 2. A interpretação dos resultados experimentais foi feita no contexto de Cranked Shell Model e de Total Routhian Surfaces. / The structures of the 105Rh and 108Pd nuclei have been studied by the in-beam heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reaction 100Mo (11B, xaypzn) at 43 MeV incident energy. -, charged particle -- coincidences and angular correlation were measured using the spectrometer formed by four HPGe detectors and the charge-particle ancillary detector system. In 105Rh, a -vibration band was observed for the first time indicating the existence of triaxiality at low spin. A new structure based on the intruder [431]1/2+ próton orbital was identified. The structures based on one quase-proton, g9/2 and [301]1/2-, were extended, showing the two signatures partners. Four magnetic dipole bands have also been observed at high spin, three of which have negative parity and have similar characteristics: they are very regular, present nearly Constant alignments, and large values of B (M1)/B(E2) ratios. Two of them are nearly degenerate in excitation energy and could be chiral partners with , g9/2 x h 11/2 x (9 7/2 , d 5/2) configuration. Also, in 108Pd the both signatures partners of h 11/2 x (9 7/2 , d 5/2) configuration and one structure for the first time. Experimental results were interpreted within the framework of Cranked Shell Model and Total Routhian Surfaces.
62

Aproximação gaussiana para um sistema não-ideal de muitos bósons / Gaussian approximation to a non-ideal system of many bosons

Tommasini, Paolo Roberto Inglese 10 July 1995 (has links)
O estado fundamental e propriedades térmicas de um sistema de bosons não relativísticos interagentes por uma interação repulsiva de dois corpos, são investigados através de uma aproximação Gaussiana auto-consistente que consiste em escrevermos o operador densidade variacionalmente determinado como o funcional Gaussiano mais geral dos operadores de campo. Resultados a temperatura finita são obtidos, incluindo transições de fase, no contexto do ensemble grand-canônico. Através de truncamentos na aproximação Gaussiana completa podemos reproduzir resultados tradicionais de Bogolyubov e de Lee, Yang e Huang. A aproximação Gaussiana completa fornece uma fase condensada que é termodinamicamente instável e uma fase não condensada que não difere essencialmente de uma teoria livre quando forças de contato e um esquema de renormalização padrão são usados. Como alternativa, uma teoria dependente do cut-off no momento é desenvolvida para um sistema diluído de bosons interagentes. A aproximação Gaussiana gera um espectro de quasi-partículas que contém um gap na energia, em conflito com os resultados perturbativos. Para investigar o espectro de excitações na teoria efetiva, é desenvolvida uma formulação dependente do tempo e o regime de pequenas oscilações para os parâmetros variacionais é estudado. São obtidas então as mesmas energias utilizadas no cálculo das ocupações estáticas. / The ground-state and thermal properties of a system of non-relativistic bosons interacting through repulsive two-body interactions are investigated using a self-consistent Gaussian mean-field approximation which consists in writing the variational determined density operator as the most general Gaussian functional of the quantized field operators. Finite temperature results are obtained, including phase transitions, in the grand canonical framework. Contact is made with the results of Bogolyubov and Lee, Yang and Huang in terms of particular truncations of the full Gaussian approximation. The full Gaussian approximation gives a condensate phase which is thermodinamically unstable and a non-condensate phase that does not differ essentially from a free phase when contact forces and standard renormalization scheme are used. As an alternative an effective cut-off dependent theory is developed for a dilute interacting bose system. The Gaussian approximation generates a quasi-particle spectrum having an energy gap, in conflict with perturbation theory results. In order to investigate the excitation spectrum of the effective theory, a time-dependent formulation is developed and the small oscillation regime for the variational parameter is studied. The same energies used in the calculus of the static occupations are obtained.
63

Espalhamento inelástico de deuterons nos isótopos de ANTPOT.94,98 Mo. / Inelastic scattering of deuterons in the isotopes of 94,98Mo.

Ukita, Gilberto Mitsuo 24 April 1998 (has links)
eng Distribuições angulares, referentes ao espalhamento inelástico de dêuterons nos isótopos de ANTPOT 94,98 Mo e à excitação dos primeiros estados coletivos 2 POT.+ E 3 POT.-, foram obtidas com dêuterons incidentes de 13,2 MeV e 16,0 MeV, utilizando o acelerador Pelletron da Universidade de São Paulo. Os dêuterons emergentes da reação foram analisados por um espectrógrafo magnético tipo polo-partido de Enge e registrados em placas de emulsão posicionadas na sua superfície focal. As seções de choque diferenciais, na energia incidente de 13,2 MeV, foram medidas em 18 ângulos de espalhamento, detalhando, particularmente para as excitações quadrupolares de ambos os isótopos, a região de máxima interferência nuclear-coulombiana (CNI) e também aquela onde a excitação nuclear predomina. A análise foi feita na aproximação de Born com ondas distorcidas e potencial óptico deformado (DWBA-DOMP), utilizando parâmetros ópticos globais. O ajuste das previsões sobre as medidas de CNI com dêuterons, que interagem isoescalarmente com o núcleo, foi realizado pelo método dos mínimos quadrados, permitindo a extração dos parâmetros correlacionados delta POT.N IND.L e C = delta POT.C IND.L/DELTAPOT.N IND.L , com suas incertezas experimentais, onde deltaPOT.N IND.L é o comprimento de deformação nuclear e deltaPOT.C IND.L., o comprimento de deformação de carga. Esses parâmetros possibilitaram, dentro dos modelos adotados, a determinação da razão dos momentos quadrupolares e octupolares das distribuições de nêutrons e prótons,M IND.n/M IND.p, bem como os respectivos valores das probabilidades reduzidas de transição elétrica, B(EL), e isoescalar, B(ISL). O parâmetro C, que é diretamente proporcional à [B(EL)/B(ISL)] POT.1/2, foi obtido com precisão da ordem de 2% para as excitações quadrupolares e de aproximadamente 7% para as octopolares, para ambos os isótopos, nos estudos de CNI aqui apresentados. ) Os resultados experimentais indicam, de forma coerente, que as transições para os estados 2 POT.+ IND.1 e 3 POT.- IND.1nos núcleos de ANTPOT 94 Moe ANTPOT 98 Mo são mais influenciadas pelos prótons do que pelos nêutrosn, em relação à previsão do modelo coletivo homogêneo N/Z. / eng Experimental angular distributions for deuteron inelastic scaterring by 94,98Mo excitating the first 2+ and 3- collective states were obtained using the deuteron beam of the São Paulo Pelletron accelerator, at incident energies of 13.2 MeV and 16.0 MeV. The ejectiles of the reactions were momentum analyzed by an Enge split-pole magnetic spectrograph and detected in nuclear emulasion plates exposed at the focal plane. The differential cross sections, corresponding to the incident energy of 13.2 MeV, were measured for both isotopes at 18 scattering angles, detailing, in particular for the quadrupolar excitations, not only the region of maximum Coulomb-nuclear interference (CNI), but also the region where the nuclear interaction is predominant. The analysis was performed in the framework of the collective distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) within a deformed optical model potential (DOMP) approach, using well tested global optical model parameters for deuterons. Since the deuteron is a projectile of isoscalar character, the fit of the DWBA-DOMP predictions to the CNI measurements, by means of the least squares method, allowed the simultaneous extractions of the correlated parameters NL and C= CL/NL, with their experimental uncertainties, where NL and CL are, respectively, the nuclear (mass) and charge deformation lengths. These experimental quantities yielded, within the adopted models, values of the ratio Mn/Mp for the quadrupolar and octupoular moments of the neutron and proton distributions, and also for the corresponding electric [B(EL)] and isoscalar [B(ISL)] reduced transition probabilities. The C parameters, which are proportional to the ratio [B(EL)/B(ISL)]1/2, were determined in the present CNI studies, for both 94,98Mo, within a 2% statistical uncertainty level for the 2+1 excitations and within ~ 7% for the 3-1 ones. The experimental results reveal, in a consistent way for both isotopes, protons to contribute more than neutrons to the first quadrupolar and octupolar excitations, with respect to the homogeneous collective model expectation of N/Z.
64

Espectroscopia gama e correlação angular gama-gama em 194Pt / Gamma spectroscopy and gamma-gamma angular correlation in 194 Pt

Teixeira, Ricardo Roberto Plaza 20 June 1996 (has links)
Foram realizadas medidas de espectroscopia gama simples, de espectroscopia. gama-gama em coincidência e de correlação angular para o estudo de \'ANTPOT 194 PT\', a partir do decaimento por \'beta POT. +\' e por captura eletrônica de \'ANTPOT 194 AU\'. Foram determinadas, utilizando um cálculo covariante, as energias e as intensidades de 167 transições gama, das quais 31 pela primeira vez: 212 keV, 243 keV, 304 keV, 338 keV, 363 keV, 366 keV, 373 keV, 398 keV, 421 keV, 436 keV, 500 keV, 602 keV, 627 keV, 699 keV, 807 keV, 814 keV, 857 keV, 901 keV, 1121 keV, 1262 keV, 1346 keV, 1388 keV, 1474 keV, 1488 keV, 1535 keV, 1541 keV, 1565 keV, 1665 keV, 1675 keV, 1775 keV e 1780 keV. O esquema de níveis obtido contém 45 estados; destes estados, 4 foram determinados pela primeira vez: 1373 keV, 1737 keV, 2003 keV e 2140 keV. Foram determinados os valores para as razões de mistura multipolar \'delta\'(E2/M1) das transições mais intensas utilizando o método de correlação angular direcional gama-gama. Utilizando elipses de correlação, foi possível determinar ou restringir os valores do spin e/ou paridade de 7 níveis: 1373 keV, 1737 keV, 1778 keV, 1930 keV, 2052 keV, 2134 keV e 2157 keV. Cálculos usando o formalismo de Kumar e Baranger para a resolução do Hamiltoniano de Bohr foram realizados para o núcleo \'ANTPOT 194 PT\'. Foram então determinados níveis e propriedades eletromagnéticas e os resultados, discutidos. / Single gamma ray spectroscopy, gamma-gamma spectroscopy and gamma-gamma directional angular correlation have been performed to study the \'ANTPOT 194 PT\', following the \'beta POT. + \' decay and electron capture of \'ANTPOT 194 AU\'. We have determined, using covariant calculations, energies and intensities of 167 gamma transitions, 31 of them for the first time: 212 keV, 243 keV, 304 keV, 338 keV, 363 keV, 366 keV, 373 keV, 398 keV, 421 keV, 436 keV, 500 keV, 602 keV, 627 keV, 699 keV, 807 keV, 814 keV, 857 keV, 901 keV, 1121 keV, 1262 keV, 1346 keV, 1388 keV, 1474 keV, 1488 keV, 1535 keV, 1541 keV, 1565 keV, 1665 keV, 1675 keV, 1775 keV and 1780 keV. The decay scheme contains 45 levels; 4 of these states have been determined for the first time: 1373 keV, 1737 keV, 2003 keV and 2140 keV. We have also determined values for the multipole rnixing ratios \'delta\'(E2/M1) in the case of the strongest transitions, using directional gamma-gamma angular correlation. With the angular correlation ellipses, it was possible to determine or to restrict the spin and/or parity values of 7 levels: 1373 keV, 1737 keV, 1778 keV, 1930 keV, 2052 keV, 2134 keV and 2157 keV.
65

O Papel da Estrutura Nuclear nas Taxas de Decaimento Beta e Captura de Elétrons na Pré-Supernova / Role Nuclear Structure Rates Beta Decay Electron Capture Pre-supernova

Dimarco, Alejandro Javier 10 August 1998 (has links)
Neste trabalho calculamos taxas de captura de elétrons e decaimento beta no estágio de pré-supernova, para espécies nucleares da camada fp que são fundamentais nessa etapa da evolução estelar. Enfatizamos as transições entre estados de baixa energia. No cálculo dos elementos de matriz nucleares foram utilizados modelos microscópicos. Dados experimentais e densidades de níveis foram empregados na construção da função de partição nuclear. Foi avaliado o impacto de nossos cálculos nas abundâncias isotópicas e na derivada temporal da fração de elétrons, comparando o nossos resultados com cálculos mais simples. Concluímos de nosso trabalho que um cálculo mais detalhado das taxas de captura de elétrons e decaimento beta dando ênfase nas transições entre ~estados de baixa energia, pode conduzir a variações importantes nas predições sobre o posterior colapso e explosão da supernova. / ln this work we carry out calculations of electron capture and beta decay rates, at presupernova stages, from several nuclei of the fp region that are important in this stages of stellar evolution. We emphasize transitions between low energy states. The nuclear matrix elements was calculated using microscopic models. We used experimental data and level densities in the construction of the nuclear partition function. We estimated the influence of ours calculations in the isotopic abundances and in the temporal variation of the electron fraction. We compared ours results with nives calculations. We conclude that a more detailed calculation of the electron capture and beta decay rates giving emphasize to the transition between low energy states can lead importants variations to predictions about the subsequent collapse and supernova explosion.
66

Estudo do decaimento do 132Cs e estrutura nuclear do 132Xe / Study Decay 132Cs Nuclear Structure 132Xe

Cruz, Manoel Tiago Freitas da 19 November 1987 (has links)
Foram estudados os decaimentos BETA-, BETA+ e por captura de elétrons do 132 Cs. Foram medidas misturas multipolares E2/M1 de transições pelo método de correlação angular direcional gama-gama. Foi aplicado o modelo de Bohr na formulação K. Kumar e M. Baranger ao 132 Xe e os resultados são discutidos. / The 132 Cs BETA-, BETA+ and electron capture decays have been studied. New gamma transitions and electron capture feedings were determined. Some E2/M1 multipole mixings of gamma transitions in 132 Xe and 132Ba were measured with the gamma-gamma angular directional correlation method. The Bohr\'s collective model with K. Kumar and M. Baranger\'s solution was applied to 132 Xe and the results were discussed.
67

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of field effects on single crystal SmB6

Caldwell, Tod. Moulton, William G. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. William G. Moulton, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Physics. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 15, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
68

Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov calculations for nuclei far from stability

Teran Balbuena, Edgar. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D. in Physics)--Vanderbilt University, 2003. / Title from PDF title screen. Includes bibliographical references.
69

Biophysical Characterization of the Dynamic Regulation of Chromatin Structure and Rheology in Human Cell Nuclei

Spagnol, Stephen 01 May 2015 (has links)
Out of the growing body of evidence demonstrating the role of higher-order chromatin organization within the nucleus in regulating the functions of the linear sequence of DNA emerges the genome as a physical entity. DNA packs into hierarchical levels of chromatin condensation, which then tailor accessibility to the linear sequence for nuclear processes while also serving as a central feature of nuclear organization. Further, varying condensation state alters the physical properties of the chromatin fiber. These may then exert or facilitate forces aiding in the spatial organization within the nucleus. Yet, this complex concept of nuclear structure even neglects the dynamic aspects of the genome continuously fluctuating and undergoing structural remodeling within the nucleus. Thus, while chromatin position within the nucleus is critical for biological functions including transcription, we must reconcile a particular position of a gene locus with the dynamic and physical nature of chromatin. Here we characterize the physical aspects of the genome associated with its dynamic properties that aid in regulation. We focus on developing techniques that measure the evolution of physical properties associated with nuclear processes. We leverage these techniques, capable of quantifying and spatially resolving its structural state within the nucleus and elucidating the underlying physics of its dynamics, to illuminate physical features associated with cellular processes. Specifically, we investigate the nuclear structural changes associated with growth factor stimulation on primary human cells known to impact large scale gene expression pathways. We also demonstrate dysfunction associated with these physical mechanisms accompany disease pathologies. Thus, we unify the biological understanding of cellular processes within the context of physical features of genome structure, organization and dynamics that are critical to human health and disease.
70

A study of the 90Zr(n,d)89Y reaction.

Bawa, Ahmed Cassim. January 1986 (has links)
A study has been made of the 90 Zr(n,d) 89 Y reactlion at an incident neutron energy of 22 MeV. The experimental aspect of the study was performed at the Van der Graaf facility at the National Accelerator Centre, using a particle spectrometer developed by K Bharuth-Ram and W R McMurray for the study of neutron-induced charged-particle emissions. The spectrometer, which consists of a telescope of three multiwire proportional counters and a curved plastic scintillator, permits the simultaneous accumulation of data over an angular range of 80°. Solid-angle- calculations have been performed to correct for the effect of the geometry of the system on the angular distribution of the cross-sections. A review has been made of the shell model of the nucleus, the optical potential model and the distorted waves method (or DWBA) for the analysis of direct nuclear reactions. A distorted-waves method analysis of the reaction is performed with the code DWUCK 4 and the resulting angular distribution of the various cross-sections are compared with the experimentally obtained data. ThIs comparison produces spectroscopic factors which are used to perform some analysis of the nuclear structure of the 90 Zr nucleus. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1986.

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