Excited states in $\sp{82}$Y have been investigated via the $\rm \sp{58}Ni(\sp{28}Si,\ 3{\it pm\/})\sp{82}Y$ and $\rm \sp{58}Fe(\sp{29}Si,\ {\it p\/}2{\it n\/})\sp{82}Y$ reactions using beams provided by the Florida State University Tandem-LINAC with energies of 95 to 135 MeV. Particle-$\gamma$ coincidences with a full-sphere charged particle detector and an excitation curve were employed to assign $\gamma$ rays to $\sp{82}$Y. The full sphere charged particle detector was developed and tested as a part of this dissertation project. The $\rm \sp{56}Fe(\sp{29}Si,\ {\it p\/}2{\it n\/})\sp{82}Y$ reaction at 95 MeV was employed to measure $\gamma$-$\gamma$ coincidences with 5 Compton-suppressed Ge detectors. Lifetimes in the ns and ps time ranges were measured using direct timing and the Doppler-shift attenuation method. A level scheme with 39 states was constructed up to tentative spins and parities of (15$\sp-)$ and (21$\sp+).$ In the positive parity yrast band a signature inversion and a phase reversal in the signature at $I = 10\ \hbar$ were observed. The B(M1) strengths in this band alternate with signature between about 0.1 and 1.0 $\mu\sbsp{N}{2}.$ The B(E2) strengths are in good agreement with those predicted by Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations. Particle-rotor calculations indicate a prolate or triaxial shape for the positive parity band. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-04, Section: B, page: 2033. / Major Professor: Samuel L. Tabor. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1993.

Cross sections for incomplete fusion followed by fission have been measured for the reaction ($\sp{16}$O + $\sp{232}$Th) at 140 MeV. In plane and out of plane measurements were made of cross sections for beamlike fragments in coincidence with fission fragments. The beamlike fragments were detected with the Florida State large acceptance Bragg curve spectrometer. The detector was position sensitive in the polar direction. The beamlike particles observed in coincidence with fission fragments were He, Li, Be, B, C, N and O. Fission fragments were detected by three surface barrier detectors using time of flight for particle identification. The reaction cross section due to incomplete fusion is 747 $\pm$ 112 mB, or 42% of the total fission cross section. The strongest incomplete fusion channels were the helium and carbon channels. The average transferred angular momentum for each incomplete fusion channel was calculated using the $Q\sb{opt}$ model of Wilczynski, and the angular correlation was calculated using the saddle point transition state model. The K distribution was determined from the Rotating Liquid Drop model. The theoretical angular distributions were fitted to the experimental angular distributions with the angular momentum J and the dealignment factor $\alpha\sb{o}$ as free parameters. The fitted parameter J was in excellent agreement with the $Q\sb{opt}$ model predictions. The conclusions of this study are that the incomplete fusion cross section is a large part of the total cross section, and that the saddle point transition state model adequately describes the observed angular correlations for fission following incomplete fusion. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-07, Section: B, page: 3682. / Major Professor: John D. Fox. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1993.

The coincidence cross sections of the reactions $\sp{27}$Al($\sp{16}$O, $\sp{12}$C $\alpha$) and $\sp{27}$Al($\sp{16}$O, C p) at 133 MeV beam energy for laboratory angles out to $\Theta\sb{C} = 32\sp\circ$ and $\Theta\sb\alpha$ or $\Theta\sb{p} = 60\sp\circ$ were measured at 370 different combinations of $\Theta$ and relative $\Phi$ angles between detectors. The coincidence cross sections were integrated to calculate the total three body final state cross section over this angle range. The $\sp{27}$Al($\sp{16}$O, C p) cross section due to the sequential breakup of several intermediate states of $\sp{13}$N and $\sp{14}$N was determined. The incomplete fusion process, $\sp{16}$O + $\sp{27}$Al $\to$ $\sp{12}$C + $\sp{31}$P$\sp*$ $\to$ $\sp{12}$C + $\alpha$ + $\sp{27}$Al, was found to dominate for $\Theta\sb\alpha \ge 50\sp\circ$ by kinematic arguments. The total cross section and the cross section for $\Theta\sb\alpha \le 40\sp\circ$ for the incomplete fusion reaction, $\sp{16}$O + $\sp{27}$Al $\to$ $\sp{12}$C + $\sp{31}$P$\sp*$ $\to$ $\sp{12}$C + $\alpha$ + $\sp{27}$Al, were calculated using the experimental cross section for $\Theta\sb\alpha \ge 50\sp\circ$ and a parameterized angular distribution for the emission of the $\alpha$ particle from the $\sp{31}{\rm P}\sp*$ intermediate state. The total cross section for the sequential breakup process, $\sp{16}$O + $\sp{27}$Al $\to$ $\sp{16}$O$\sp*$ + $\sp{27}$Al $\to$ $\sp{12}$C + $\alpha$ + $\sp{27}$Al, was determined by subtracting the incomplete fusion cross section for $\Theta\sb\alpha \le 40\sp\circ$ from the experimental cross section for $\Theta\sb\alpha \le 40\sp\circ,$ since there was no evidence of significant contributions from other reaction processes. / The sequential breakup process $\sp{27}$Al + $\sp{16}$O $\to$ $\sp{27}$Al + $\sp{16}$O$\sp*$ $\to$ $\sp{27}$Al$\sb{gs}$ + $\sp{12}$C$\sb{gs}$ + $\alpha$ was modeled by using a distorted wave Born approximation calculation to generate amplitudes for producing states of the $\sp{16}{\rm O}\sp*$ observed for this reaction in other experiments and then calculating the angular distribution of the decay products after their breakup into the laboratory frame. The model generated cross section for this process was significantly larger than that observed experimentally and was more forward peaked for the $\sp{12}$C angle. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 55-01, Section: B, page: 0133. / Major Professor: Lawrence C. Dennis. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1993.

The level structures of $\sbsp{61}{144}$Pm$\sb{83}$ and $\sbsp{61}{145}$Pm$\sb{84}$ were investigated using heavy-ion reactions and the techniques of $\gamma$-ray and electron spectroscopy as well as transfer reactions. Decay schemes were constructed from prompt $\gamma$-$\gamma$-coincidence, delayed $\gamma$-$\gamma$-coincidence, excitation function, angular distribution and conversion electron measurements of the $\sp{19}$F + $\sp{130}$Te fusion-evaporation reaction at beam energies between 70 and 85 MeV. / A total of 53 new transitions and 31 new levels were placed in $\sp{144}$Pm. The level scheme extends to spin $J=20\hbar$ and an excitation energy of 5.8 MeV. Transitions feeding the 841 keV ($J\sp\pi=9\sp+$) isomeric state were observed for the first time. The reduced $B(E3)$ transition strength for the 669 keV ($9\sp+\to 6\sp-$) transition deexciting this state was determined to be 3.2(7) Weisskopf units, supporting the interpretation of the 9$\sp+$ level as a ($\pi 1h\sb{11/2}\otimes\nu 2f\sb{7/2}$) non-collective state. / Nineteen new levels connected by 32 new transitions extended the decay scheme of $\sp{145}$Pm up to a tentative spin of (${33\over 2})\hbar$ and an excitation energy of 4.7 MeV. The ${11\over 2}\sp-$ isomeric state at 795 keV was identified as a single $h\sb{11/2}$ proton state in the $\sp{144}$Nd($\sp7$Li,$\sp6$He) stripping reaction at a beam energy of 34 MeV. A measurement of the $B(E3)$ reduced transition strength (7.8(18) Weisskopf units) of the 795 keV (${11\over 2}\sp-\to{5\over 2}\sbsp{\rm g.s.}{+}$) transition deexciting this state supports this interpretation. A weak coupling model can explain the structure of the deduced decay scheme up to an excitation energy of 2.5 MeV. / The spectroscopy of $\sp{144}$Pm and $\sp{145}$Pm is discussed in terms of couplings of single-particle states to a $\sp{146}$Gd core using empirical shell-model calculations. Good agreement with the experimental results is obtained. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 53-10, Section: B, page: 5262. / Major Professor: Paul D. Cottle. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1992.

States in ('14)C and ('14)N have been populated using the lithium induced reactions: ('10)B(('6)Li,d)('14)N, ('11)B(('6)Li,t)('14)N, ('11)B(('6)Li,('3)He)('14)C, ('11)B(('7)Li,(alpha))('14)C, ('12)C(('6)Li,(alpha))('14)N, ('13)C(('7)Li,('6)He)('14)N, and ('13)C(('7)Li,('6)Li)('14)C at bombarding energies between 20 and 34 MeV. States in the residual nuclei were populated selectively in these reactions, as a result of both the states' configurations and their spins. Experimental angular distributions for the ('11)B(('7)Li,(alpha))('14)C, ('11)B(('6)Li,('3)He)('14)C, and ('11)B(('6)Li,t)('14)N reactions were taken at ('7)Li and ('6)Li bombarding energies of 34 MeV. / Comparison of the results for the one, two, three, and four particle transfer reactions to excited states in ('14)N performed here allowed structure information to be obtained for levels in ('14)N. Similarly, the one and three particle transfer reactions to states in ('14)C were compared with states populated by two nucleon transfer. When these results were compared with medium energy inelastic scattering data, these reactions were shown to provide complementary information on high-lying states in the A = 14 mass region. / The usefulness of a DWBA description of the multi-nucleon transfer process was demonstrated through the ability of DWBA to fit the angular distributions and provide information on the parities and spins of the final states. Some limits on the spins of the final states could also be deduced from compound nucleus calculations and their comparisons with the experimental cross sections. / Experimental criteria were developed based on the population of states by the ('11)B(('6)Li,('3)He)('14)C and ('11)B(('6)Li,t)('14)N reactions to known analog states in order to assign high-lying isobaric analog (T = 1) states in ('14)N and ('14)C. The criteria were: the comparisons of differential cross sections, angular distributions, analog energies, and population by other reactions. From these criteria, T = 1 states in ('14)N were identified to 18 MeV excitation. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 45-01, Section: B, page: 0241. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1984.

The results of two studies of the elastic and inelastic scattering of ('6)Li are reported. The analysis of the data in both studies was designed to determine if a moderately parameter-free description of ('6)Li scattering on several targets was possible. The philosophy here was to derive the real nucleus-nucleus interaction potential starting from a microscopic nucleon-nucleon interaction and summing over the contributions from both target and projectile nucleons. A Woods-Saxon imaginary potential was used for the absorptive part of the interaction potential. The inelastic transition strengths were obtained from electron scattering rather than treating them as free parameters. It was found that for the present inelastic ('6)Li scattering, the nuclear and Coulomb transition strengths are equal and are consistent with electron scattering. / In the first study, elastic and inelastic scattering data extending to (theta)(,c.m.)(DBLTURN)175(DEGREES) are reported for ('6)Li + ('28)Si at 27 and 34 MeV. Optical model analyses of the elastic data were made using a variety of real potential forms. The large-angle data cannot be fitted with a Woods-Saxon real potential, but are well described by Woods-Saxon squared, double-folded or Fourier-Bessel potentials. The real potential is the same at both energies, but the imaginary potential is weaker at 27 MeV. The inelastic data were analyzed using the DWBA and coupled-channels techniques with folded real form factors and deformed Woods-Saxon imaginary potentials. The deformation lengths were taken from electron scattering. The 2('+) state was fitted well at both energies with the DWBA, while the prediction decreased too rapidly at large angles for the 4('+) state. The large-angle 4('+) data were better described when two-step excitations were included in the coupled-channels calculations. The forward-angle 2('+) data are sensitive to the interference between Coulomb and nuclear scattering and show that the nuclear and Coulomb deformation parameter (beta)(,2) are equal for this transition. / In the second study, differential cross sections for elastic and inelastic ('6)Li scattering from ('12)C at 24 and 30 MeV, and from ('16)O at 25.7 MeV were measured out to (theta)(,c.m.)(DBLTURN)170(DEGREES). Also by scattering ('12)C and ('16)O from ('6)Li, the inelastic cross sections for the excitation of the 3('+)(2.18 MeV) and the 2('+)(4.31 MeV) states of ('6)Li and an estimate of the continuum inelastic cross sections of ('6)Li were measured. . . . (Author's abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of author.) UMI / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 45-03, Section: B, page: 0913. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1984.

A source of vector and tensor polarized $\sp{6,7}$Li ions has been constructed and tested. The ion source uses laser optical pumping of an atomic beam of lithium, followed by adiabatic radiofrequency transitions, selectively populating a single magnetic substate of the neutral atom. The atomic beam is formed by vaporizing lithium metal in an oven and extracting the beam through a heated nozzle/collimator assembly. The atomic beam is irradiated transversely in a weak holding magnetic field by electro-optically modulated, circularly polarized light of wavelength 670.8 nm, obtained from a ring dye laser pumped by an Ar$\sp+$ laser. Optical pumping produces a nearly pure $m\sb{F}$ = F population distribution. Adiabatic rf transitions can then be used to transfer the population to any of the other desired magnetic substates. The polarized atomic beam is ionized positively on an electrically heated tungsten strip and charge exchanged to Li$\sp-$ in a cesium vapor. A Wien filter is used to produce the desired spin axis orientation, and then the beam is injected into a tandem Van de Graaff-superconducting linac for acceleration up to 9 MeV/nucleon. A helium gas polarimeter has been calibrated for use in rapid on-line monitoring of the polarization on target. / Cross section angular distributions and a complete set of analyzing powers $T\sb{kq}(\theta$) for the $\sp{12}$C($\sp6\vec{\rm Li}$, $\alpha$)$\sp{14}$N reaction have been measured at 33 MeV. Full finite range DWBA calculations have been performed to analyze the data for states up to $E\sb{x}$ = 9.70 MeV in $\sp{14}$N. Nilsson model wavefunctions for the $\sp{14}$N states were used to calculate deuteron cluster transfer spectroscopic amplitudes. Although the calculations did not produce a satisfactory description of the entire data set, they showed clear evidence of L-mixing effects and a sensitivity to the $\sp6$Li D state. The deduced D state-S state ratio in $\sp6$Li is in agreement with earlier work, and the uncertainty as to the relative sign of the $\sp6$Li = $\alpha$ + d spectroscopic factors was resolved. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-12, Section: B, page: 6269. / Major Professor: Kirby W. Kemper. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1993.

The stability constants for trivalent Eu and Am complexes with a humic acid (extracted from sediment from Lake Bradford, near Tallahassee, Florida) were measured at trace level using a solvent extraction system. The organic extractant was di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) in toluene; aqueous phases were humic acid solutions at a constant ionic strength of 0.1M (NaClO(,4)). / The humic acid carboxylate capacity (3.86 (+OR-) 0.03 meg/g) was determined by direct potentiometric titration. The humic acid displayed the typical characteristics of a polyelectrolyte--its apparent pK increased as the degree of ionization ((alpha)) increased. The Eu and Am stability constants also increased as (alpha) increased. / For Eu: log (beta)(,1) = 8.86(alpha) + 4.39; log (beta)(,2) = 3.55(alpha) + 11.06For Am: log (beta)(,1) = 9.32(alpha) + 3.83; log (beta)(,2) = 4.07(alpha) + 10.4 / Calculations show that with hydroxide, carbonate, and humate as competing ligands, under conditions present in natural waters, only the M(humate)(,1) complex is important for many trivalent lanthanides and actinides. / Humic acid precipitated to varying degrees when contacted with toluene in the solvent-extraction system. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy was used to monitor humic acid concentrations (GREATERTHEQ) 0.005 g/l. The radioactive mass balance of the solution phases is not constant due to the activity bound to the precipitated humic acid, therefore radioactivity in both phases must be assayed. / Solvent-extraction and cation-exchange resin systems were used to measure Pu-humate binding. Experiments were done with Pu(IV) and Pu(VI) at pCH('(TURN)) 3.7. Pu(VI) was never stable in the experiments, irrespective of the presence of humic acid. The stability constants for Pu(IV)-humate binding at (alpha) = 0.29 are estimated as log (beta)(,1) = 12.4 and log (beta)(,2) = 17.2. Because humic acid adsorbs to cation-exchange resin, the resin technique is not suitable for stability constant measurements, since it is not possible to monitor the radioactivity in the solid resin phase. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 43-09, Section: B, page: 2901. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1982.

Selective population of highly excited states in ('26)Al and ('27)Al has been observed in the ('16)O(('12)C,d) and ('16)O(('12)C,p) reactions at 17.3 MeV center of mass energy. Particle-gamma angular correlation measurements have been performed simultaneously for both reactions. The outgoing particles were detected at 0(DEGREES) with respect to the beam direction in coincidence with gamma rays detected by three Ge(Li) detectors located at five angles. In addition, proton-gamma coincidence measurements have been performed at 32.0 MeV laboratory energy where the population of the 12.0 MeV state of ('27)Al is significantly enhanced. The selectively populated states in ('26)Al and ('27)Al are expected to have high spin values based on simple grazing angular momentum arguments. The lifetimes and decay modes of these highly excited states in the ('26)Al and ('27)Al nuclei were studied. / Lifetimes were extracted from as many transitions as possible using the Doppler Shift Attenuation technique for the gamma-emitting states of ('26)Al. The coincidence data were analyzed for transitions from states up to 7.0 MeV. Branching ratios and mixing ratios were obtained for four highly excited states in ('26)Al. Spin and parity assignments were also made for these highly excited states. The results have been combined to produce the transition strengths and the reduced transition probabilities. Reduced transition probabilities and energy levels obtained were compared to shell model predictions. A new member of the K('(pi)) = 0('+) rotational band in ('26)Al is suggested here. / Lifetimes were also extracted from transitions evolving from the observed highly excited states of ('27)Al lying between 7.0 MeV and approximately 12.0 MeV. Branching ratios were determined for these states. The lifetimes and branching ratios allow spin limits to be placed on four highly excited states of ('27)Al. The fourth member of the K('(pi)) = 9/2('+) rotational band in ('27)Al is suggested. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 44-07, Section: B, page: 2187. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1983.

Proton-electron, proton-gamma, and proton-gamma-gamma coincidence techniques have been used to study excited state transitions in even-even nuclei in the mass 100 region produced in the (t,p) reaction (E(,t) = 16 MeV). Using the (t,p) proton-gamma-gamma coincidence method, we have established five new levels in ('112)Pd and 3 new levels in ('102)Mo. Our discovery of a possible 10('+) level in ('102)Mo would be, if confirmed, the first physical evidence of a back-bending anomaly in the mass 100 region. Using the simultaneous proton-electron and proton-gamma coincidence methods, EO transitions in ('100)Mo, ('102)Mo, ('106)Ru, ('108)Pd, ('110)Pd, and ('112)Pd have been observed. Branching ratios for these EO transitions have been used to calculate the X(,ijk) and (rho)('2)(,ij) values for a number of transitions of the type O(,i)('+) - O(,f)('+) in these nuclei. / The results of our measurements are discussed in terms of current nuclear models. The back-bending anomaly at J('(pi)) = 10('+)in ('102)Mo confirms earlier theoretical predictions of such an anomaly. Level systematics in the Pd isotopes, particularly those of excited O('+) states, are in general agreement with the proton intruder orbital picture used to describe Cd nuclei. The systematics of monopole strengths in the Mo isotopes agree with the picture of a subshell proton intruder configuration. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, Section: B, page: 2432. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1986.