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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:03:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pupin_jc_dr_ift.pdf: 1428942 bytes, checksum: d6abaa838d7800612f4a795ffa313ad7 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Utilizando a simetria quiral, calculamos a contribuição dominante ao potencial nucleon-nucleon (NN) devido à troca de três píons não correlacionados. Esta contribuição é isovetorial com as componentes pseudoescalar e axial. A pseudoescalar é dominante, tem um alcance de 1.0 fm e contribui no canal de píon. No mesmo contexto, estudamos a produção de um píon na interação nucleon-nucleon devida à troca de dois píons. O termo dominante do Kernel da produção é construído a partir da mesma interação básica usada no potencial NN devido à troca de três píons. Relacionamos este termo à componente central do potencial NN devido à troca de dois píons e mostramos que esta, por sua vez, é dominada pelo fator de forma escalar píon-nucleon. O Kernel obtido foi aplicado para o limiar da produção e na construção de um potencial de três nucleons. Os resultados foram generalizados para um potencial NN central qualquer e comparados ao potencial de Argonne e àquele devido à troca de um méson escalar...ctício / Abstracts: Using the chiral symmetry, we calculated the dominant contribution to the nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential due to the exchange of three non-correlated pions (3o). This contribution is isovetor with pseudoscalar and axial components. The pseudoscalar component is dominant, it has a range of 1.0 fm and it contributes in the pion channel. In the same context, we studied the pion production in the nucleon-nucleon interaction due to the exchange of two pions (2o). The dominant term of the production Kernel is built from the same basic interaction used in the 3o-exchange NN potential. We related this term to the central component of the 2o-exchange NN potential and we showed that the latter, on its turn, is dominated by the pion-nucleon scalar form factor. The obtained Kernel was applied at the threshold and in the constructioin of a three-nucleon potential. The results were generalized foa a central NN potential of any kind and compared to the potentials of Argonne and to that due to the exchange of one ...ctitious scalar meson

There have been very few measurements of the total cross section for n-p scattering below 500 keV. In order to differentiate among NN potential models, improved cross section data between 20 and 600 keV are required. We measured the n-p and n-C total cross sections in this energy region by transmission; a collimated neutron beam was passed through CH2 and C samples and transmitted neutrons were detected by a BC-501A deuterated liquid scintillator. Cross sections were obtained by taking the ratios of normalized neutron yields with the samples in the beam and with no sample in the beam. Both better precision and larger range between 90 keV and 1.8 MeV results are presented. The parameters resulting from fitting effective range theory to the data for n-p scattering are in good agreement with parameters determined from previous fits.

Orientador: Manoel Roberto Robilotta / Banca: José de Sá Borges Filho / Banca: Manuel M. B. Malheiro de Oliveira / Banca: Lauro Tomio / Banca: Alfredo Pio Noronha Rodrigues Galeão / Resumo: Utilizando a simetria quiral, calculamos a contribuição dominante ao potencial nucleon-nucleon (NN) devido à troca de três píons não correlacionados. Esta contribuição é isovetorial com as componentes pseudoescalar e axial. A pseudoescalar é dominante, tem um alcance de 1.0 fm e contribui no canal de píon. No mesmo contexto, estudamos a produção de um píon na interação nucleon-nucleon devida à troca de dois píons. O termo dominante do Kernel da produção é construído a partir da mesma interação básica usada no potencial NN devido à troca de três píons. Relacionamos este termo à componente central do potencial NN devido à troca de dois píons e mostramos que esta, por sua vez, é dominada pelo fator de forma escalar píon-nucleon. O Kernel obtido foi aplicado para o limiar da produção e na construção de um potencial de três nucleons. Os resultados foram generalizados para um potencial NN central qualquer e comparados ao potencial de Argonne e àquele devido à troca de um méson escalar ...ctício / Abstracts: Using the chiral symmetry, we calculated the dominant contribution to the nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential due to the exchange of three non-correlated pions (3o). This contribution is isovetor with pseudoscalar and axial components. The pseudoscalar component is dominant, it has a range of 1.0 fm and it contributes in the pion channel. In the same context, we studied the pion production in the nucleon-nucleon interaction due to the exchange of two pions (2o). The dominant term of the production Kernel is built from the same basic interaction used in the 3o-exchange NN potential. We related this term to the central component of the 2o-exchange NN potential and we showed that the latter, on its turn, is dominated by the pion-nucleon scalar form factor. The obtained Kernel was applied at the threshold and in the constructioin of a three-nucleon potential. The results were generalized foa a central NN potential of any kind and compared to the potentials of Argonne and to that due to the exchange of one ...ctitious scalar meson / Doutor

Scope and Contents: A generalized pairing theory has been developed which diagonalizes matrix elements of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction in a space of one, two and three-pair excitations from a Skyrme Hartree-Fock solution for deformed rotational nuclei. The "pairing" excitation energy for the configurations of time-reversed pairs of particles is obtained from the Hartree-Fock approximation as opposed to the conventional (BCS) residual interaction point of view. The effects of the finite-range character of the effective nucleon-nucleon interaction are studied in the single-particle structure they induce in the pairing matrix elements. Microscopic form factors for (p,t) and (t, p) reactions between states of the rotational bands built on the K^π=0^+ pairing solution band-head states are constructed in the cylindrical Harmonic-Oscillator basis in which the Hartree-Fock solution is expanded. These form factors are used in DWBA calculations for the differential cross-sections. Preliminary calculations for (p,t) and (t,p) transitions between states in 172Yb and 174Yb were performed. The calculations emphasize the effects of structure in the pairing matrix elements, and the necessity for a self-consistent calculation of the diagonal pairing matrix elements sing the Hartree-Fock equations. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

A presente tese propõe-se a investigar a discussão que ocorre na literatura hadrônica de baixas energias com relação à renormalização de teorias efetivas não-perturbativas, no caso particular do sistema nucleon-nucleon. Os detalhes que tornam o problema não-trivial são a existência do potencial tensor devido à troca de um píon e o aspecto não-relativístico tanto da equação dinâmica (Lippmann-Schwinger ou Schrödinger) quanto da derivação do potencial. A teoria de perturbação quiral (PT), desenvolvida por Gasser e Leutwyler, tem se mostrado como a mais fiel representação da QCD em baixas energias. A extensão da PT para o setor envolvendo poucos nucleons foi realizada por Weinberg, através de um esquema de contagem de potências quiral (power counting). O power counting de Weinberg tem sido severamente criticado na literatura devido à sua não-renormalizabilidade, que possui estreita relação à divergência da troca de um píon. Recentemente, Staporoli estudou a inclusão de campos auxiliares capazes de absorver as divergências provenientes da troca de um píon. A natureza desses campos são escolhidas por critérios de grande número de cores na QCD. Neste trabalho, mostramos que a inclusão de um campo auxiliar vetorial na teoria efetiva, em ordem dominante, é um ingrediente capaz de absorver as divergências de curto alcance e fornecer resultados com muito boa concordância com as análises de ondas parciais do grupo de Nijmegen (PWA93). Desta maneira, este estudo instaura a renormalizabilidade do sistema de dois nucleons, ausente na proposta de Weinberg, além de ser uma alternativa de maior apelo físico e com menos procedimentos ad hoc, como na promoção de contra-termos sugerida por Nogga, Timmermans e van Kolck. / The present work aims at investigating the current discussion in the literature of low-energy hadron physics, concerning the non-perturbative renormalization of effective field theories, in particular, the case of a system with two nucleons. The details that make this issue non-trivial are the existence of a tensor potential due to the exchange of one pion, as well as the non-relativistic aspects of both the dynamical equation (Lippmann-Schwinger or Schrödinger) and the derivation of the nucleon-nucleon potential. Chiral perturbation theory (PT), developed by Gasser and Leutwyler, has been shown to be the most faithful representation of low energy QCD. The extension of PT to the sector involving few- nucleons was performed by Weinberg, through a power counting scheme. Weinberg\'s power counting has been severely criticized in the literature for its non-renormalizability, which is closely related to the divergence of the one-pion exchange. Recently, Staporoli studied the inclusion of auxiliary fields capable of absorbing divergences from the exchange of a pion. The nature of these fields are chosen by criteria of large number of colors in QCD. In this work, we show that the inclusion of a vector auxiliary field in the effective theory, at dominant order, is an ingredient capable of absorbing the short-range divergences and provides results with very good agreement with the partial wave analysis of the Nijmegen group (PWA93). In this way, this study establishes the renormalizability of the two nucleon system, absent in the Weinberg\'s proposal, besides of being an alternative with larger physical appealing and with less ad hoc procedures, as the promotion of counter-terms suggested by Nogga, Timmermans and van Kolck.

The tenser analyzing power T-20 and the polarization transfer kappa in the deuteron break-up reaction Dp --> pX are calculated within a relativistic approach based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation with a realistic meson-exchange potential. Our results on T-20, kappa and the cross section are compared with experimental data and non-relativistic calculations and with the outcome of a relativization procedure of the deuteron wave function.

A presente tese propõe-se a investigar a discussão que ocorre na literatura hadrônica de baixas energias com relação à renormalização de teorias efetivas não-perturbativas, no caso particular do sistema nucleon-nucleon. Os detalhes que tornam o problema não-trivial são a existência do potencial tensor devido à troca de um píon e o aspecto não-relativístico tanto da equação dinâmica (Lippmann-Schwinger ou Schrödinger) quanto da derivação do potencial. A teoria de perturbação quiral (PT), desenvolvida por Gasser e Leutwyler, tem se mostrado como a mais fiel representação da QCD em baixas energias. A extensão da PT para o setor envolvendo poucos nucleons foi realizada por Weinberg, através de um esquema de contagem de potências quiral (power counting). O power counting de Weinberg tem sido severamente criticado na literatura devido à sua não-renormalizabilidade, que possui estreita relação à divergência da troca de um píon. Recentemente, Staporoli estudou a inclusão de campos auxiliares capazes de absorver as divergências provenientes da troca de um píon. A natureza desses campos são escolhidas por critérios de grande número de cores na QCD. Neste trabalho, mostramos que a inclusão de um campo auxiliar vetorial na teoria efetiva, em ordem dominante, é um ingrediente capaz de absorver as divergências de curto alcance e fornecer resultados com muito boa concordância com as análises de ondas parciais do grupo de Nijmegen (PWA93). Desta maneira, este estudo instaura a renormalizabilidade do sistema de dois nucleons, ausente na proposta de Weinberg, além de ser uma alternativa de maior apelo físico e com menos procedimentos ad hoc, como na promoção de contra-termos sugerida por Nogga, Timmermans e van Kolck. / The present work aims at investigating the current discussion in the literature of low-energy hadron physics, concerning the non-perturbative renormalization of effective field theories, in particular, the case of a system with two nucleons. The details that make this issue non-trivial are the existence of a tensor potential due to the exchange of one pion, as well as the non-relativistic aspects of both the dynamical equation (Lippmann-Schwinger or Schrödinger) and the derivation of the nucleon-nucleon potential. Chiral perturbation theory (PT), developed by Gasser and Leutwyler, has been shown to be the most faithful representation of low energy QCD. The extension of PT to the sector involving few- nucleons was performed by Weinberg, through a power counting scheme. Weinberg\'s power counting has been severely criticized in the literature for its non-renormalizability, which is closely related to the divergence of the one-pion exchange. Recently, Staporoli studied the inclusion of auxiliary fields capable of absorbing divergences from the exchange of a pion. The nature of these fields are chosen by criteria of large number of colors in QCD. In this work, we show that the inclusion of a vector auxiliary field in the effective theory, at dominant order, is an ingredient capable of absorbing the short-range divergences and provides results with very good agreement with the partial wave analysis of the Nijmegen group (PWA93). In this way, this study establishes the renormalizability of the two nucleon system, absent in the Weinberg\'s proposal, besides of being an alternative with larger physical appealing and with less ad hoc procedures, as the promotion of counter-terms suggested by Nogga, Timmermans and van Kolck.

The tenser analyzing power T-20 and the polarization transfer kappa in the deuteron break-up reaction Dp --> pX are calculated within a relativistic approach based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation with a realistic meson-exchange potential. Our results on T-20, kappa and the cross section are compared with experimental data and non-relativistic calculations and with the outcome of a relativization procedure of the deuteron wave function.