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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Modelling the thermal ageing evolution of Fe-Cr alloys using a lattice kinetic Monte Carlo approach based on DFT calculations / Modélisation du vieillissement thermique d'alliages Fe-Cr par approche Monte Carlo cinétique atomique basé sur calculs DFT

Costa, Davide 19 July 2012 (has links)
Cette thèse aborde l'étude du vieillissement thermique du système Fe-Cr. Nous avons étudié le mécanisme de diffusion de la lacune dans le cadre de la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (Density Functional Theory - DFT) et examiné la capacité d'un potentiel empirique de la classe EAM (Embedded Atom Method) à reproduire les résultats DFT. Nous avons montré que l'énergie de migration de la lacune dépend fortement de l'environnement atomique du point de col où les interactions chrome-chrome et chrome-lacune déterminent en partie l’énergie de point de col. Nous avons proposé trois approches pour la paramétrisation d'un modèle Monte Carlo Cinétique (MCC) atomique : l’une entièrement basée sur le potentiel EAM, les autres partiellement basées sur nos calculs DFT. Les simulations par MCC du vieillissement thermique des alliages Fe-20% at. Cr et Fe-25% at. Cr à 773 K montrent la formation de précipités riches en chrome dont la croissance avec le temps suit une loi de puissance avec un exposant 1/3, en accord avec la théorie de Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner. La paramétrisation des simulations par MCC entièrement basée sur le potentiel EAM prédit une taille moyenne des précipités supérieure à celle observée expérimentalement, alors que cette dernière est sous-estimée par les paramétrisations partiellement basées sur nos calculs DFT. Ce désaccord semble avoir une origine cinétique plutôt que thermodynamique. La composition de la phase riche en chrome varie au cours de la séparation de phase, indiquant ainsi que la démixtion se produit par nucléation non-classique ou par décomposition spinodale. Des précipités interconnectés sont plus susceptibles de se former dans le système Fe-25% at. Cr plutôt que dans l’alliage Fe-20% at. Cr suggérant ainsi que, lorsque la concentration en soluté augmente, le mécanisme de démixtion se rapproche de la décomposition spinodale. / In this thesis, we address the study of the microstrucutre evolution of the Fe-Cr system under thermal ageing. The vacancy diffusion mechanism was investigated in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) and the capability of a recently developed embedded atom method (EAM) empirical cohesive model to reproduce the DFT results was examined. We have shown that the vacancy migration energy strongly depends on the saddle point atomic environment where the chromium-chromium and the chromium-vacancy interactions partially determine the saddle point energy. We proposed three approaches for the parameterisation of an atomistic kinetic Monte Carlo (AKMC) model: one fully based on the EAM potential, the others partially based on our DFT calculations. The AKMC simulations of the thermal ageing of the Fe-20 at.%Cr and Fe-25 at.%Cr alloys at 773 K show the formation of chromium-rich precipitates whose growth with time follows a power law with exponent 1/3. This is consistent with the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory of coarsening. The AKMC parameterisation fully based on the EAM potential predicts a mean precipitate size higher than the experimentally observed one, whereas the parameterisations partially based on our DFT calculations underestimate it. This disagreement seems to have a kinetic rather than thermodynamic origin. The composition of the precipitating phase varies during the phase separation thus indicating that the unmixing is driven by either a non-classical nucleation or a spinodal decomposition. Interconnected precipitates are more likely to form in the Fe-25 at.%Cr alloy than in the Fe-20 at.%Cr thus suggesting that, as the solute concentration increases, the spinodal decomposition is more likely to occur.
2

Atomistic and multiscale modeling of plasticity in irradiated metals

Narayanan, Sankar 12 January 2015 (has links)
Irradiation induces a high concentration of defects in the structural materials of nuclear reactors, which are typically of body-centered cubic Iron (BCC Fe) and its alloys. The primary effect of irradiation is hardening which is caused by the blocking of dislocations with defects and defect clusters like point defects, self-interstitial loops, and voids. The dislocation-defect interactions are atomistic in nature due to the very small length and time scales involved, i.e., of the order of nanometers and picoseconds. To predict the effect of dislocation-defect interactions on the macroscopic mechanical and plastic behavior of the material, it is critically important to develop robust coupling schemes by which accurate atomic level physics of the rate-limiting kinetic processes can be informed into a coarse-grained model such as crystal plasticity. In this thesis we will develop an atomistically informed constitutive model. Relevant atomistic processes are identified from molecular dynamics simulations. The respective unit process studies are conducted using atomistic reaction pathway sampling methods like Nudged Elastic Band method. Stress-dependent activation energies and activation volumes are computed for various rate-liming unit processes like thermally activated dislocation motion via kinkpair nucleation, dislocation pinning due to self interstitial atom, etc. Constitutive laws are developed based on transition state theory, that informs the atomistically determined activation parameters into a coarse-grained crystal plasticity model. The macroscopic deformation behavior predicted by the crystal plasticity model is validated with experimental results and the characteristic features explained in the light of atomistic knowledge of the constituting kinetics. We also investigate on unique irradiation induced defects such as stacking fault tetrahedra, that are formed under non-irradiated condition. This thesis also includes our work on materials with internal interfaces that can resist irradiation induced damage. Overall, the research presented in this thesis involves the implementation and development of novel computational paradigm that encompasses computational approaches of various length and time scales towards robust predictions of the mechanical behavior of irradiated materials.
3

Surface-induced structural transformations in titanium nanowires

Cheerkapally , Raghavender P. January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
4

Exploring Heusler Alloys as Catalysts for Ammonia Dissociation

Senanayake, Nishan M. 26 July 2016 (has links)
No description available.
5

Accelerated sampling of energy landscapes

Mantell, Rosemary Genevieve January 2017 (has links)
In this project, various computational energy landscape methods were accelerated using graphics processing units (GPUs). Basin-hopping global optimisation was treated using a version of the limited-memory BFGS algorithm adapted for CUDA, in combination with GPU-acceleration of the potential calculation. The Lennard-Jones potential was implemented using CUDA, and an interface to the GPU-accelerated AMBER potential was constructed. These results were then extended to form the basis of a GPU-accelerated version of hybrid eigenvector-following. The doubly-nudged elastic band method was also accelerated using an interface to the potential calculation on GPU. Additionally, a local rigid body framework was adapted for GPU hardware. Tests were performed for eight biomolecules represented using the AMBER potential, ranging in size from 81 to 22\,811 atoms, and the effects of minimiser history size and local rigidification on the overall efficiency were analysed. Improvements relative to CPU performance of up to two orders of magnitude were obtained for the largest systems. These methods have been successfully applied to both biological systems and atomic clusters. An existing interface between a code for free energy basin-hopping and the SuiteSparse package for sparse Cholesky factorisation was refined, validated and tested. Tests were performed for both Lennard-Jones clusters and selected biomolecules represented using the AMBER potential. Significant acceleration of the vibrational frequency calculations was achieved, with negligible loss of accuracy, relative to the standard diagonalisation procedure. For the larger systems, exploiting sparsity reduces the computational cost by factors of 10 to 30. The acceleration of these computational energy landscape methods opens up the possibility of investigating much larger and more complex systems than previously accessible. A wide array of new applications are now computationally feasible.
6

Growth of unsaturated, cyclic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Reactions under the conditions of the interstellar medium / Wachstum ungesättigter, zyklischer und polyzyklischer aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe: Reaktionen unter den Bedingungen des interstellaren Raumes

Barthel, Robert 26 March 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Hydrocarbons, in particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have been long discussed to be carriers of interstellar infrared (IR) emission and ultraviolet (UV) absorption features. Yet, their origin in dense phases of the interstellar medium (ISM), such as molecular clouds, remains unclear. In this work, growth mechanisms based on ion-molecule reactions between cationic PAHs/hydrocarbons and methyne (CH) were investigated. The reaction type and the precursor were derived and selected from known chemical and physical properties of the ISM. These chemical reactions were characterised by calculating branching ratios (based on cross sections) and capture rate coefficients, minimum reaction paths, reaction enthalpies, thermal equilibrium constants, and microcanonic isomerisation and radiative deactivation rate coefficients. In order to cope with the variety of reaction parameters, a hierarchic workflow scheme was set up. First, the reaction potential energy surface was sampled by molecular dynamics simulations. Then, minimum energy paths of the most probable reaction channels were investigated. Finally, molecular and kinetic properties of stationary points were calculated. The quantum chemical level of theory was increased at each step from DFTB (tight-binding density-functional), to DFT, and finally to post-Hartree-Fock methods. Results on CH based hydrocarbon growth showed the transition from non-cyclic hydrocarbons to cyclic and aromatic structures and from cyclic to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, the reactive collisions between hydrocarbons and CH were found to produce sufficient energy for isomerisation and fragmentation processes even at ultra low temperatures. In all, the results indicate that methyne might be a proper precursor for the formation of large interstellar PAHs. / Kohlenwasserstoffe, insbesondere polyzyklische Kohlenwasserstoffe (engl. PAHs), werden seit einigen Jahren als Mitverursacher interstellar IR-Emissions- und UV-Absorptionsbanden angesehen und diskutiert. Dabei ist die Herkunft dieser Moleküle in den dichten Phasen des interstellaren Mediums (ISM) aber noch nicht aufgeklärt. In dieser Arbeit wurden daher die Bildungsmechanismen, welche auf Ion-Molekül-Reaktionen zwischen kationischen PAHs und Kohlenwasserstoffen und dem Molekül CH beruhen, untersucht. Sowohl der Reaktionstyp als auch der Präkursor wurden anhand von bekannten physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des ISM abgeleitet und ausgewählt. Die Analyse der chemischen Reaktionen basierte auf Berechnungen zur Produktzusammensetzung und Einfangsratenkoeffizienten (welche wiederum aus berechneten Reaktionsquerschnitten hervorgingen) Minimumenergiepfade (MEP), Reaktionsenthalpien, thermische Gleichgewichtskonstanten und mikrokanonische Isomerisierungs- und Strahlungsdeaktivierungs-Ratenkoeffizienten. Um der Vielzahl an Reaktionsparameter gerecht zu werden, wurden die Berechnungsmethoden entsprechend eines hierarischen Fließschemas kombiniert. Hierzu wurden zuerst durch Molekulardynamik-Simulationen die Reaktionspotentialenergieflächen abgerastert. Auf der nächsten Stufe wurden statistisch bedeutsame Reaktionskanäle bezüglich ihrer Minimumenergiepfade untersucht. Den Abschluss bildete die Berechnung molekularer und kinetischer Charakteristika stationärer Punkte auf einem MEP. Entsprechend dieses Schemas wurde die quantenchemische Genauigkeit auf jeder Stufe von approximativer DFT über DFT zu post-Hartree-Fock verändert. Die Ergebnisse des CH-basierten Kohlenwasserstoffwachstums zeigten einen Übergang von nichtzyklischen zu zyklischen and aromatischen Strukturen, sowie von zyklischen zu polyzyklischen Kohlenwasserstoffen. Außerdem zeigte sich, dass reaktive Kollisionen zwischen Kohlenwasserstoffen und CH auch bei Tiefsttemperaturen immer ausreichend Energie für Isomerisierungs- und Fragmentationsprozesse liefert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit lassen den Schluss zu, dass CH ein geeigneter Präkursor für die Bildung großer interstellarer PAH ist.
7

Growth of unsaturated, cyclic, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Reactions under the conditions of the interstellar medium

Barthel, Robert 02 October 2008 (has links)
Hydrocarbons, in particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have been long discussed to be carriers of interstellar infrared (IR) emission and ultraviolet (UV) absorption features. Yet, their origin in dense phases of the interstellar medium (ISM), such as molecular clouds, remains unclear. In this work, growth mechanisms based on ion-molecule reactions between cationic PAHs/hydrocarbons and methyne (CH) were investigated. The reaction type and the precursor were derived and selected from known chemical and physical properties of the ISM. These chemical reactions were characterised by calculating branching ratios (based on cross sections) and capture rate coefficients, minimum reaction paths, reaction enthalpies, thermal equilibrium constants, and microcanonic isomerisation and radiative deactivation rate coefficients. In order to cope with the variety of reaction parameters, a hierarchic workflow scheme was set up. First, the reaction potential energy surface was sampled by molecular dynamics simulations. Then, minimum energy paths of the most probable reaction channels were investigated. Finally, molecular and kinetic properties of stationary points were calculated. The quantum chemical level of theory was increased at each step from DFTB (tight-binding density-functional), to DFT, and finally to post-Hartree-Fock methods. Results on CH based hydrocarbon growth showed the transition from non-cyclic hydrocarbons to cyclic and aromatic structures and from cyclic to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, the reactive collisions between hydrocarbons and CH were found to produce sufficient energy for isomerisation and fragmentation processes even at ultra low temperatures. In all, the results indicate that methyne might be a proper precursor for the formation of large interstellar PAHs. / Kohlenwasserstoffe, insbesondere polyzyklische Kohlenwasserstoffe (engl. PAHs), werden seit einigen Jahren als Mitverursacher interstellar IR-Emissions- und UV-Absorptionsbanden angesehen und diskutiert. Dabei ist die Herkunft dieser Moleküle in den dichten Phasen des interstellaren Mediums (ISM) aber noch nicht aufgeklärt. In dieser Arbeit wurden daher die Bildungsmechanismen, welche auf Ion-Molekül-Reaktionen zwischen kationischen PAHs und Kohlenwasserstoffen und dem Molekül CH beruhen, untersucht. Sowohl der Reaktionstyp als auch der Präkursor wurden anhand von bekannten physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des ISM abgeleitet und ausgewählt. Die Analyse der chemischen Reaktionen basierte auf Berechnungen zur Produktzusammensetzung und Einfangsratenkoeffizienten (welche wiederum aus berechneten Reaktionsquerschnitten hervorgingen) Minimumenergiepfade (MEP), Reaktionsenthalpien, thermische Gleichgewichtskonstanten und mikrokanonische Isomerisierungs- und Strahlungsdeaktivierungs-Ratenkoeffizienten. Um der Vielzahl an Reaktionsparameter gerecht zu werden, wurden die Berechnungsmethoden entsprechend eines hierarischen Fließschemas kombiniert. Hierzu wurden zuerst durch Molekulardynamik-Simulationen die Reaktionspotentialenergieflächen abgerastert. Auf der nächsten Stufe wurden statistisch bedeutsame Reaktionskanäle bezüglich ihrer Minimumenergiepfade untersucht. Den Abschluss bildete die Berechnung molekularer und kinetischer Charakteristika stationärer Punkte auf einem MEP. Entsprechend dieses Schemas wurde die quantenchemische Genauigkeit auf jeder Stufe von approximativer DFT über DFT zu post-Hartree-Fock verändert. Die Ergebnisse des CH-basierten Kohlenwasserstoffwachstums zeigten einen Übergang von nichtzyklischen zu zyklischen and aromatischen Strukturen, sowie von zyklischen zu polyzyklischen Kohlenwasserstoffen. Außerdem zeigte sich, dass reaktive Kollisionen zwischen Kohlenwasserstoffen und CH auch bei Tiefsttemperaturen immer ausreichend Energie für Isomerisierungs- und Fragmentationsprozesse liefert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit lassen den Schluss zu, dass CH ein geeigneter Präkursor für die Bildung großer interstellarer PAH ist.

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