Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Geography. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-210). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11810

"Success" in education means different things to different people. The purpose of this study was to examine conceptions of success (in education) held by some students at Nunavut Arctic College. The author is a white male from southern Canada and had not been to the Arctic prior to this study. As such, it was necessary to employ a participatory and respectful methodology. ' In three separate procedures, classes of Nunavut Arctic college students were given index cards and asked to describe what it means to be successful in education. As a class, we arranged the cards into common categories on the floor in front of the classroom desks. Some students wrote that success in education meant getting a good job. Some reported that they learned best when they could understand what was going on in a class. We decided as a class where each card belonged. Conceptions of success in education emerged as groups of cards were given titles, such as, "Understanding" or "Sharing knowledge." In the final procedure, another group of students was interviewed with a tape recorder to explore their conceptions in more depth. "Success" in education in the Arctic (and elsewhere) typically has to do with securing knowledge for personal development. Secondly, it is concerned with instrumental or pragmatic concerns like getting a job. For most people "success" in education involves a mix of personal and instrumental factors. Hence, for the purposes of this study the author used a heuristic device wherein "personal" and "instrumental" conceptions of success could be plotted. Students' conceptions were graphed along the two dimensions of instrumental application and personal development. Five conceptions emerged from the final study: "Understanding", "Sharing", "Reaching goals in education", "Money" and "Certificate". The conception "Understanding" was graphed in an area of low instrumental application/high personal development; "Sharing knowledge" and "Reaching goals in education" were graphed in an area of high instrumental application/high personal development; "Money" was graphed in an area of low instrumental application/low personal development; and "Certificate" was graphed in an area of high instrumental application/low personal development. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

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Les impacts des changements climatiques en Arctique sont de plus en plus présents et affectent davantage les écosystèmes marins. De plus, la fonte des glaces ouvre de nouvelles routes maritimes telles que le passage du Nord-Ouest dans la région marine du Kitikmeot. Ces problématiques croissantes soulèvent des préoccupations quant à l’état des organismes benthiques vivant dans cette région où peu d’études ont été menées. Les invertébrés benthiques sont primordiaux dans le recyclage des nutriments, l’oxygénation et la décomposition dans les sédiments et sont de très bons indicateurs de changement. Ce projet a comme objectif d’explorer et d’évaluer quels sont les paramètres environnementaux influents et de modéliser les assemblages d’espèces benthiques dans la région du Kitikmeot et le chenal de Parry dans l’Arctique canadien. Pour ce faire, plusieurs échantillons provenant d’un chalut Agassiz (épibenthos) et d’un carottier à boîte (endobenthos) ont été récoltés à bord du NGCC Amundsen de 2010 à 2018. En outre, 19 variables environnementales ont été considérées lors des analyses statistiques. Nous avons observé que l’endofaune est dominée par les annélides (principalement les polychètes) tandis que l’épifaune par les arthropodes. Les résultats démontrent aussi que les différents types de communautés benthiques se succèdent un après l’autre formant ainsi une zone de transition (écotone) entre la mer de Beaufort et la baie de Baffin. Les eaux qui ont comme origine l’océan Pacifique ont une influence majeure sur la distribution et la composition des communautés. Il en est de même pour les apports d’eaux douces d’origine terrestre. Ce sont deux paramètres qui sont actuellement de plus en plus présents en Arctique, ce qui laisse présager d’importants changements dans la distribution des communautés dans l’Archipel canadien central pour les années à venir. De plus, deux autres facteurs explicatifs de la composition taxonomique sont la profondeur et la concentration de pigments associés à la production primaire locale. Cette étude a aussi démontré que la profondeur, l’oxygène ainsi que le ratio N/P sont les paramètres ayant le plus d’influence sur le nombre de taxons retrouvé. Elle a aussi permis de modéliser la répartition de la diversité benthique pour la première fois dans l’Archipel canadien. De tels modèles peuvent ensuite servir dans une optique de gestion d’aires marines. / The impacts of climate change in the Arctic are increasingly present and affect marine ecosystems. In addition, the associated sea ice melt opens up new shipping routes such as the Northwest Passage in the Kitikmeot marine region. These growing issues raise concerns about the state of benthic organisms living in this region where few studies have been carried out. Benthic invertebrates are essential in nutrient recycling, oxygenation and de composition in sediments and are very good indicators of change. The objective of this project is to exploreand assess the influential environmental parameters and model benthic species assemblage distributions in the Kitikmeot region and Parry Channel in the Canadian Arctic. For this, a number of samples from an Agassiz trawl (epifauna) and a box corer (infauna) were collected on board the CCGS Amundsen between 2010 and 2018. In addition, 19 environmental variables were considered for the statistical analyses. It was observed that infauna is dominated by annelids (mainly polychaetes) and epifauna by arthropods. The results also show that the different types of benthic communities succeed one another, thus forming a transition zone (ecotone) between the Beaufort Sea and Baffin Bay. Waters originating from the Pacific Ocean have a major influence on the distribution and composition of communities, as do freshwater inputs from land. These are two parameters whose volumes are currently increasing in the Arctic, which suggests significant changes in the distributionof communities in the central Canadian Archipel ago for years to come. Moreover, two other significant factors explaining the taxonomic composition are the depth and the pigment concentrations associated with local primary production. This study also demonstrated that depth, oxygen and N/P ratio are the parameters having the most influence on the number of taxa found. Moreover, it is the first time the distribution of benthic diversity is modeled inthe Canadian Archipelago. The models developed here can be used by decision makers forspatial marine management purposes.

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Nunavut has experienced significant growth in tourism since the 1980s, and ecotourism has all but become policy in the region. With the recent thrust in tourism literature suggesting that tourism research furthers the industry's development in communities, it is timely that more studies examine the tourism industry in the changing face of 'Nunavut'. This thesis is a case study presentation of a Nunavut community's experience with tourism. The research examines the changes and restructuring that have come about in the tourism industry since the signing of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement, and whether community-controlled tourism is facilitated by these changes. / The results of this research indicate that the basic needs of Kimmirut residents are not being met by current tourism policy. The community's entrepreneurial spirit and willingness to host tourists are not being fully recognized by industry and government, although the desire on behalf of the latter exists.

In 2006 a youth health survey was conducted in Pangnirtung, Nunavut as part of a community collaboration. The survey assessed food use, nutrient status and anthropometry. Thirty four percent of youth were above healthy weight; soft drink consumption averaged 1 litre per day; and nutrient intake distributions showed likelihood of inadequacies in the diet. Traditional food (TF) consumption, however, had a beneficial effect on nutrient status as iron, vitamin A and protein intake was significantly higher among those who consumed TF. / Elder stories about TF were used as a pilot intervention aimed to promote TF by increasing traditional knowledge (TK) to community youth. Stories were played on a DVD and pre/post questionnaires were administered; independent and paired t-tests revealed a significant transfer of TK to youth. Qualitative analysis further revealed deep respect for TK, indicating that future initiatives should consider incorporating TK in health promotion strategies.

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