Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin. School of Nursing, 1974. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Uppsatsens syfte var att belysa relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient när sjuksköterskan var stressad. För att fördjupa oss i relationens betydelse har vi använt oss av Joyce Travelbees teori kring mellanmänskligheten. Uppsatsen är gjord som en systematisk litteraturstudie där sex artiklar analyserades. Vårt resultat visade att stress påverkade relationen negativt. Våra fynd visade att förmågan att skapa en relation minskade då både sjuksköterskan och patienten skapade en distans till varandra. Sjuksköterskans stress gjorde att hon ändrade sitt fokus i arbetet, patienten mötte då en uppgiftsorienterad sjuksköterska som inte tillgodosåg patientens emotionella behov i relationen. Både sjuksköterskans och patientens personlighet, i stress, visade sig ha betydelse för hur relationen utvecklades. Författarna ansåg att när relationen sattes åt sidan var det även av stor vikt att patientens åtsidosatta emotionella behov synliggjordes. Sjuksköterskan behövde också få förståelse och stöd för hennes stressiga situation, såsom till exempel utbildning i stresshantering. Vi ansåg att det skulle vara av intresse med fortsatta studier kring strategier för sjuksköterskan att hantera stress.

To suffer from aphasia could mean that a most important ability of human nature is lost and could therefore restrict the patient's communication ability. Therefore a higher standard is of importance in the non-verbal communication. Health professionals describe difficulties in understanding this form of communication. This causes disturbance in the interaction and nursing care cannot be adapted to the unique human being. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight and summarize existing research, describing how the various non-verbal communication channels are integrated, in nursing care to patients affected by stroke and aphasia. In the method of this literature review searches were made from the databases Cinahl and Medline. The 12 articles that were included has been quality examined and analyzed according to Friberg (2006). The results describe how the speaking body, support for the unique human being, bodily contact and relationships are important for the understanding of the nonverbal communication. The discussion revolves around how this understanding is formed in the interaction, to be able to see the unique human being and create relationships that provide external support for the human needs here and now. The four categories that are presented in this study may increase the knowledge of the studied phenomena and could also be the ground for further studies in this area.

Att drabbas av afasi kan innebära att en högst mänsklig förmåga går förlorad, vilket kan begränsa patientens kommunikationsmöjligheter. Därmed ställs högre krav på den icke verbala kommunikationen. Vårdpersonal beskriver svårigheter att skapa förståelse i denna form av kommunikation. Till följd av detta blir samspelet lidande och omvårdnaden kan därför inte anpassas till den unika människan. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att belysa och sammanställa befintlig forskning, som beskriver hur olika icke verbala kommunikationsvägar integreras, i omvårdnaden till patienter som drabbats av stroke med afasi som följd. I metoden genomfördes sökningar i databaserna Cinahl och Medline. De 12 artiklar som inkluderats har kvalitetsgranskats och analyserats enligt Friberg (2006). I resultatet beskrivs hur den talande kroppen, stödet till den unika människan, kroppslig beröring och relationen har betydelse för förståelsen i den icke verbala kommunikationen. Diskussionen kretsar kring hur denna förståelse kommer i samspelet, för att se den unika människan och skapa relationen som ger stöd utifrån människans förutsättningar här och nu. De fyra kategorier som framläggs i denna studie kan öka kunskapen inom det fenomen som studerats och lägga grunden för vidare studier på området. / To suffer from aphasia could mean that a most important ability of human nature is lost and could therefore restrict the patient's communication ability. Therefore a higher standard is of importance in the non-verbal communication. Health professionals describe difficulties in understanding this form of communication. This causes disturbance in the interaction and nursing care cannot be adapted to the unique human being. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight and summarize existing research, describing how the various non-verbal communication channels are integrated, in nursing care to patients affected by stroke and aphasia. In the method of this literature review searches were made from the databases Cinahl and Medline. The 12 articles that were included has been quality examined and analyzed according to Friberg (2006). The results describe how the speaking body, support for the unique human being, bodily contact and relationships are important for the understanding of the nonverbal communication. The discussion revolves around how this understanding is formed in the interaction, to be able to see the unique human being and create relationships that provide external support for the human needs here and now. The four categories that are presented in this study may increase the knowledge of the studied phenomena and could also be the ground for further studies in this area.

Uppsatsens syfte var att belysa relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient när sjuksköterskan var stressad. För att fördjupa oss i relationens betydelse har vi använt oss av Joyce Travelbees teori kring mellanmänskligheten. Uppsatsen är gjord som en systematisk litteraturstudie där sex artiklar analyserades. Vårt resultat visade att stress påverkade relationen negativt. Våra fynd visade att förmågan att skapa en relation minskade då både sjuksköterskan och patienten skapade en distans till varandra. Sjuksköterskans stress gjorde att hon ändrade sitt fokus i arbetet, patienten mötte då en uppgiftsorienterad sjuksköterska som inte tillgodosåg patientens emotionella behov i relationen. Både sjuksköterskans och patientens personlighet, i stress, visade sig ha betydelse för hur relationen utvecklades. Författarna ansåg att när relationen sattes åt sidan var det även av stor vikt att patientens åtsidosatta emotionella behov synliggjordes. Sjuksköterskan behövde också få förståelse och stöd för hennes stressiga situation, såsom till exempel utbildning i stresshantering. Vi ansåg att det skulle vara av intresse med fortsatta studier kring strategier för sjuksköterskan att hantera stress.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur personer med HIV upplevde bemötandet inom vården i I-länder. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt. Artikelsökningarna gjordes i databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed. Både kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier hittades men författarna har enbart använt sig av de kvalitativa studierna (n=11). Studierna granskades sedan med modifierade granskningsmallar för kvalitetsbedömning. Resultat: De funna studiernas resultat granskades och utifrån detta identifierade författarna fyra teman; Att hållas på avstånd, Att bli annorlunda bemött, Att få en stämpel och Positivt bemötande. Resultatet visade att vårdpersonalen höll avstånd från patienter genom att använda sig av överdrivna hygienrutiner, och i vissa fall förekom det att patienterna blev nekade vård på grund av sin HIV diagnos. Att bli annorlunda bemött handlade i många fall om att patienterna blev utsatta för kränkande behandling. Flera patienter beskrev hur de upplevde att personalen kategoriserade dem och gav dem en stämpel på grund av sin diagnos. De upplevde även att vårdpersonalen offentliggjorde deras diagnos genom att bryta mot sekretessen. Resultatet visade att patienter upplevt positivt bemötande och att vårdpersonalen gett dem stöd. Litteraturöversikten visade också att flera patienter föredrog att söka vård på specialistkliniker. Slutsats: Många patienter kände sig kränkta och annorlunda bemötta i möte med sjukvårdspersonal. De föredrog att söka vård på speciella HIV kliniker eftersom de kände att personalen där hade bättre förståelse för sjukdomen.

<p>Att drabbas av afasi kan innebära att en högst mänsklig förmåga går förlorad, vilket kan begränsa patientens kommunikationsmöjligheter. Därmed ställs högre krav på den icke verbala kommunikationen. Vårdpersonal beskriver svårigheter att skapa förståelse i denna form av kommunikation. Till följd av detta blir samspelet lidande och omvårdnaden kan därför inte anpassas till den unika människan. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att belysa och sammanställa befintlig forskning, som beskriver hur olika icke verbala kommunikationsvägar integreras, i omvårdnaden till patienter som drabbats av stroke med afasi som följd. I metoden genomfördes sökningar i databaserna Cinahl och Medline. De 12 artiklar som inkluderats har kvalitetsgranskats och analyserats enligt Friberg (2006). I resultatet beskrivs hur den talande kroppen, stödet till den unika människan, kroppslig beröring och relationen har betydelse för förståelsen i den icke verbala kommunikationen. Diskussionen kretsar kring hur denna förståelse kommer i samspelet, för att se den unika människan och skapa relationen som ger stöd utifrån människans förutsättningar här och nu. De fyra kategorier som framläggs i denna studie kan öka kunskapen inom det fenomen som studerats och lägga grunden för vidare studier på området.</p> / <p>To suffer from aphasia could mean that a most important ability of human nature is lost and could therefore restrict the patient's communication ability. Therefore a higher standard is of importance in the non-verbal communication. Health professionals describe difficulties in understanding this form of communication. This causes disturbance in the interaction and nursing care cannot be adapted to the unique human being. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight and summarize existing research, describing how the various non-verbal communication channels are integrated, in nursing care to patients affected by stroke and aphasia. In the method of this literature review searches were made from the databases Cinahl and Medline. The 12 articles that were included has been quality examined and analyzed according to Friberg (2006). The results describe how the speaking body, support for the unique human being, bodily contact and relationships are important for the understanding of the nonverbal communication. The discussion revolves around how this understanding is formed in the interaction, to be able to see the unique human being and create relationships that provide external support for the human needs here and now. The four categories that are presented in this study may increase the knowledge of the studied phenomena and could also be the ground for further studies in this area.</p>

<p>To suffer from aphasia could mean that a most important ability of human nature is lost and could therefore restrict the patient's communication ability. Therefore a higher standard is of importance in the non-verbal communication. Health professionals describe difficulties in understanding this form of communication. This causes disturbance in the interaction and nursing care cannot be adapted to the unique human being. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight and summarize existing research, describing how the various non-verbal communication channels are integrated, in nursing care to patients affected by stroke and aphasia. In the method of this literature review searches were made from the databases Cinahl and Medline. The 12 articles that were included has been quality examined and analyzed according to Friberg (2006). The results describe how the speaking body, support for the unique human being, bodily contact and relationships are important for the understanding of the nonverbal communication. The discussion revolves around how this understanding is formed in the interaction, to be able to see the unique human being and create relationships that provide external support for the human needs here and now. The four categories that are presented in this study may increase the knowledge of the studied phenomena and could also be the ground for further studies in this area.</p>

This phenomenological study was designed to explore the essential structure of caring and uncaring encounters, as perceived by recipients of nursing care in their interactions with nurses, with the aim of adding to the knowledge and understanding of these phenomena. Data were collected through 18 in-depth interviews with nine former recipients of nursing care. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim for each participant. The researcher saw the participants in the study as coresearchers and through inter-subjective interaction, or dialogue, the essential description of a caring and an uncaring encounter was constructed. The essential structures of both caring and uncaring encounters are composed of three basic components: the approach by the nurse, the presence or absence of relationship formation, and finally, the patient responses to the encounter. The first component in the essential structure of a caring encounter with a nurse — from the client's perspective, is the professional caring nurse approach. The nurse is perceived to be competent, administering her care with genuine concern for the patient as a person, giving him full attention when with him, and constituting a cheerful presence for the patient. The coresearchers reported that these characteristics, which were perceived by them as evidence of caring, had promoted in them a feeling of trust, which had facilitated a development of a nurse-patient relationship. The development of a nurse-patient relationship, or professional attachment, comprises the second essential component of a caring encounter. Developing a nurse-patient relationship was conceptualized in this study as a process involving five phases: initiating attachment, consisting of reaching out and responding by both nurse and patient; mutual acknowledgement of personhood, where nurse and patient recognize each others as persons; acknowledgement of attachment, involving confirmation of attachment; professional intimacy, when the patient feels safe enough in the relationship to reveal to the nurse particulars about his present condition and how he feels about them; and finally negotiation of care, when the nurse works collaboratively with the patient and truely takes his perspective into account when giving nursing care. Throughout the attachment development the professional nurse keeps a distance, an important dimension of professional attachment which the coresearchers clearly articulated had to be present in order to keep the nurse-patient relationship within the professional domain. This combination of intimacy and distance is referred to as nurse-patient attachment with professional distance. The professional caring nurse approach and the resulting nurse-patient attachment with professional distance form the essential structure of professional caring. The patient responses to professional caring comprise the last component in the structure of a caring encounter with a nurse. Five themes were identified in the coresearchers' accounts: sense of acceptance and self-worth; sense of encouragement and support; sense of confidence and control; sense of well-being and healing; and finally sense of gratitude and liking. The essential structure of an uncaring encounter with a nurse — from the client's perspective is also comprised of three basic components: the nurse's approach to the patient, which is perceived by the patient as indifference to him as a person; the resulting nurse-patient detachment with total distance between the nurse and the patient; and finally patient responses to uncaring. Four dimensions of an uncaring nurse approach were identified in the data, characterized by increased indifference, inattentiveness, and insensitivity to the patient and his needs: apathetic inattention, unconcerned insensitivity unkind coldness, and harsh inhumanity. Perceived nurse indifference to the patient as a person makes the patient distrustful of the nurse. The patient often perceives the nurse as an authoritarian person with a need to control, and the patient's encounter with her is characterized by a lack of professional attachment, limited verbal communication, negative nonverbal communication by the nurse, and a lack of collaboration and negotiation of care. This is referred to as nurse-patient detachment with total distance. It was the core searchers' unanimous perception that uncaring encounters with nurses were very discouraging and distressing experiences for them as patients. The coresearchers responses to the uncaring encounters were many-sided. Seven major themes were identified in their accounts: puzzlement and disbelief; anger and resentment; despair and helplessness; feelings of alienation and identity-loss; feelings of vulnerability; perceived effects on healing; and finally long-term effects of uncaring encounters. It was the coresearchers' unanimous perception that the uncaring encounters made an indelible impression on them, had a longer lasting effect than caring encounters, and tended to be both acid edged and memorable unresolved experiences. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

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