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A matched case-control study was carried out to identify the factors associated with the nutritional status of children in Livingstone district, Zambia. A trained field researcher collected data on demographic, feeding practices and socio-economic factors in matched groups of underweight children and normal weight children from the mothers/caregivers of the children. Interviews, using a structured pre-tested questionnaire, were used to obtain the data. All children aged from six to fifty-nine months admitted at Livingstone General Hospital during the months of October to December, 2003 with a weight for age below &ndash / 2SD from the median of the reference population formed the underweight children (cases). The total was 47 children. The cases were then matched according to sex and age to 47 normal weight children attending the under five clinic at Livingstone General Hospital during the same months, with a weight for age above &ndash / 2SD from the median of the reference population (controls). The final sample was 94 children. Weights were recorded using the same scale in the outpatient&rsquo / s department prior to admission and during the under five clinic session. Interviews then took place in a separate room after the clinic nurse had attended them. A separate visit was then made to the homes of the children on a different day. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to measure strengths of associations. Results revealed that the basic causes of underweight were the poor economic state of the country, unfavorable policies and insufficient government support in the areas of health, education, agriculture, housing and employment. Underlying causes were inadequate access to food, inadequate care of children, poor access to health services and unhealthy living environments, while immediate causes were poor food intake and disease. Low educational and literacy levels of the mothers/caregivers, unemployment and lack of sufficient finances to access basic necessities such as food, housing and health contributed to underweight.

A matched case-control study was carried out to identify the factors associated with the nutritional status of children in Livingstone district, Zambia. A trained field researcher collected data on demographic, feeding practices and socio-economic factors in matched groups of underweight children and normal weight children from the mothers/caregivers of the children. Interviews, using a structured pre-tested questionnaire, were used to obtain the data. All children aged from six to fifty-nine months admitted at Livingstone General Hospital during the months of October to December, 2003 with a weight for age below &ndash / 2SD from the median of the reference population formed the underweight children (cases). The total was 47 children. The cases were then matched according to sex and age to 47 normal weight children attending the under five clinic at Livingstone General Hospital during the same months, with a weight for age above &ndash / 2SD from the median of the reference population (controls). The final sample was 94 children. Weights were recorded using the same scale in the outpatient&rsquo / s department prior to admission and during the under five clinic session. Interviews then took place in a separate room after the clinic nurse had attended them. A separate visit was then made to the homes of the children on a different day. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to measure strengths of associations. Results revealed that the basic causes of underweight were the poor economic state of the country, unfavorable policies and insufficient government support in the areas of health, education, agriculture, housing and employment. Underlying causes were inadequate access to food, inadequate care of children, poor access to health services and unhealthy living environments, while immediate causes were poor food intake and disease. Low educational and literacy levels of the mothers/caregivers, unemployment and lack of sufficient finances to access basic necessities such as food, housing and health contributed to underweight.

A Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) tem sido objeto de preocupação entre profissionais de diferentes áreas e muitas vezes é avaliada como sendo o bem-estar do trabalhador durante a execução de sua tarefa. A satisfação no trabalho tem se tornado um conceito chave dentro das pesquisas de QVT. Alguns estudos têm apontado a importância da mensuração da satisfação profissional e sugerido a associação da satisfação no trabalho com melhor Qualidade de Vida (QV) e menor índice de estresse relacionado ao trabalho e com a produtividade. No setor público fala-se pouco em Gestão da QVT, porém percebe-se que o tema vem ganhando espaço nesse setor. As pesquisas relativas ao bem-estar dos trabalhadores encaminham-se no sentido de identificar se as categorias organizacionais interferem positiva ou negativamente sobre esses. Neste estudo, considerou-se a QVT sob a perspectiva de avaliação do funcionário de dois aspectos do ambiente de trabalho: a sua ocupação específica e as ações que a Universidade desenvolve que podem influenciar o bem estar no trabalho. O objetivo geral foi estudar os determinantes da QVT dos funcionários não docentes da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). A amostra estudada era relativamente jovem, com o predomínio de mulheres, elevada escolaridade, e alta incidência de sobrepeso e obesidade, bem acima da média nacional que é de 40% de excesso de peso. Em relação a qualidade da alimentação dos funcionários a maioria (83%) necessita ser melhorada, há um baixo consumo de alimentos fonte de fibras como as frutas e as verduras e um alto consumo de carnes em geral e ovos, o que ultrapassou os limites de recomendação de proteínas e gorduras saturadas. De maneira geral, esses funcionários apresentaram-se satisfeitos com a sua QVT, fosse ela medida em relação a sua ocupação, fosse ela medida em relação às ações da USP para o seu bem-estar, fosse ainda, em relação à agregação dessas duas perspectivas. As hipóteses iniciais do estudo referiam-se ao impacto do estado nutricional sobre a QVT, mais especificamente, o efeito negativo do sobrepeso sobre a QVT; e ao impacto da QV em geral sobre a QVT. A primeira hipótese se confirmou, não importando a forma de mensurar a QVT, ao passo que a QV mostrou-se ter um papel importante apenas em relação à QVT medida em relação à ocupação específica, ao passo que a escolaridade mostrou-se importante para uma avaliação mais crítica sobre as ações da organização. Poderíamos então concluir que cuidar do estado nutricional dos seus funcionários é uma ação fundamental para melhorar não apenas o bem-estar do funcionário, mas também o nível de produtividade dentro da empresa, ao passo que funcionários com maior nível de escolaridade terão sempre um olhar mais crítico acerca das ações de QVT da organização, mesmo sendo ela do setor público. / The Quality of Life at Work (QLW) has been the object of concern among professionals in different areas and is often assessed as the welfare of the worker during the performance of their task. The satisfaction at work has become a key concept in the research of QLW. Some studies have shown the importance of measurement of job satisfaction and suggested the association of satisfaction in working with better Quality of Life (QL) and lower rate of stress related to work and productivity. In the public sector is low speech in Management of QLW, but realizes that the issue has been gaining space in that sector. The research on the welfare of workers heading is to identify whether the organizational categories interfere positively or negatively on these. In this study, it was regard the QLW from the perspective of the official assessment of two aspects of the work environment: its occupation and the specific actions that the University develops that can influence the well-being at work. The general objective was to study the determinants of QLW officials not teachers of the University of São Paulo (USP). The study sample was relatively young, with the predominance of women, high school, and high incidence of overweight and obesity, well above the national average which is 40% of excess weight. For quality of food the majority of staff (83%) needs to be improved, a low consumption of food sources of fiber such as fruits and vegetables and high consumption of meat and eggs in general, which exceeded the limits of recommendation for protein and saturated fat. In general, these employees had to be satisfied with your QLW, it was measured in relation to its occupation, it was measured in relation to shares of USP for their welfare, even in relation to aggregation of these two perspectives. Initial hypotheses of the study concerned the impact of nutritional status on the QLW, more specifically, the negative effect of overweight on the QLW and the impact of QL in general on the QLW. The first hypothesis is confirmed, no matter how to measure the QLW, while QL was shown to play an important role only in relation to QLW measure on specific occupation, while the school was found to be important for a more critical assessment of the actions of the organization. We could then conclude that care of the nutritional status of their employees is a key action to improve not only the welfare of the employee, but also the level of productivity within the company, while employees with higher level of education will always have a look more critical of the actions of QLW the organization, even if it\'s public sector.

A Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) tem sido objeto de preocupação entre profissionais de diferentes áreas e muitas vezes é avaliada como sendo o bem-estar do trabalhador durante a execução de sua tarefa. A satisfação no trabalho tem se tornado um conceito chave dentro das pesquisas de QVT. Alguns estudos têm apontado a importância da mensuração da satisfação profissional e sugerido a associação da satisfação no trabalho com melhor Qualidade de Vida (QV) e menor índice de estresse relacionado ao trabalho e com a produtividade. No setor público fala-se pouco em Gestão da QVT, porém percebe-se que o tema vem ganhando espaço nesse setor. As pesquisas relativas ao bem-estar dos trabalhadores encaminham-se no sentido de identificar se as categorias organizacionais interferem positiva ou negativamente sobre esses. Neste estudo, considerou-se a QVT sob a perspectiva de avaliação do funcionário de dois aspectos do ambiente de trabalho: a sua ocupação específica e as ações que a Universidade desenvolve que podem influenciar o bem estar no trabalho. O objetivo geral foi estudar os determinantes da QVT dos funcionários não docentes da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). A amostra estudada era relativamente jovem, com o predomínio de mulheres, elevada escolaridade, e alta incidência de sobrepeso e obesidade, bem acima da média nacional que é de 40% de excesso de peso. Em relação a qualidade da alimentação dos funcionários a maioria (83%) necessita ser melhorada, há um baixo consumo de alimentos fonte de fibras como as frutas e as verduras e um alto consumo de carnes em geral e ovos, o que ultrapassou os limites de recomendação de proteínas e gorduras saturadas. De maneira geral, esses funcionários apresentaram-se satisfeitos com a sua QVT, fosse ela medida em relação a sua ocupação, fosse ela medida em relação às ações da USP para o seu bem-estar, fosse ainda, em relação à agregação dessas duas perspectivas. As hipóteses iniciais do estudo referiam-se ao impacto do estado nutricional sobre a QVT, mais especificamente, o efeito negativo do sobrepeso sobre a QVT; e ao impacto da QV em geral sobre a QVT. A primeira hipótese se confirmou, não importando a forma de mensurar a QVT, ao passo que a QV mostrou-se ter um papel importante apenas em relação à QVT medida em relação à ocupação específica, ao passo que a escolaridade mostrou-se importante para uma avaliação mais crítica sobre as ações da organização. Poderíamos então concluir que cuidar do estado nutricional dos seus funcionários é uma ação fundamental para melhorar não apenas o bem-estar do funcionário, mas também o nível de produtividade dentro da empresa, ao passo que funcionários com maior nível de escolaridade terão sempre um olhar mais crítico acerca das ações de QVT da organização, mesmo sendo ela do setor público. / The Quality of Life at Work (QLW) has been the object of concern among professionals in different areas and is often assessed as the welfare of the worker during the performance of their task. The satisfaction at work has become a key concept in the research of QLW. Some studies have shown the importance of measurement of job satisfaction and suggested the association of satisfaction in working with better Quality of Life (QL) and lower rate of stress related to work and productivity. In the public sector is low speech in Management of QLW, but realizes that the issue has been gaining space in that sector. The research on the welfare of workers heading is to identify whether the organizational categories interfere positively or negatively on these. In this study, it was regard the QLW from the perspective of the official assessment of two aspects of the work environment: its occupation and the specific actions that the University develops that can influence the well-being at work. The general objective was to study the determinants of QLW officials not teachers of the University of São Paulo (USP). The study sample was relatively young, with the predominance of women, high school, and high incidence of overweight and obesity, well above the national average which is 40% of excess weight. For quality of food the majority of staff (83%) needs to be improved, a low consumption of food sources of fiber such as fruits and vegetables and high consumption of meat and eggs in general, which exceeded the limits of recommendation for protein and saturated fat. In general, these employees had to be satisfied with your QLW, it was measured in relation to its occupation, it was measured in relation to shares of USP for their welfare, even in relation to aggregation of these two perspectives. Initial hypotheses of the study concerned the impact of nutritional status on the QLW, more specifically, the negative effect of overweight on the QLW and the impact of QL in general on the QLW. The first hypothesis is confirmed, no matter how to measure the QLW, while QL was shown to play an important role only in relation to QLW measure on specific occupation, while the school was found to be important for a more critical assessment of the actions of the organization. We could then conclude that care of the nutritional status of their employees is a key action to improve not only the welfare of the employee, but also the level of productivity within the company, while employees with higher level of education will always have a look more critical of the actions of QLW the organization, even if it\'s public sector.