No description available.

No description available.

Thirty females, 55 to 70 years old, participated in an investigation comparing two methods of teaching the diabetic diet. Subjects were required to take the WRAT-R, a test which assessed their reading capabilities. Only those scoring at the seventh grade level or below qualified for this investigation. Following the test, subjects were assigned to one of two groups. Participants in Group 1 received one-on-one instructions of Healthy Food Choices, whereas participants in Group 2 received videotaped instructions of Healthy Food Choices. Healthy Food Choices is a more simplified meal planning tool designed for those that cannot understand the concepts of the Exchange Lists for Meal Planning. Participants were instructed by the researcher, either on videotape or one-on-one. A follow-up visit occurred in a mean of 10.3 days to assess comprehension of the instructions provided. Each participant was contacted again by telephone in a mean of 28.7 days from the follow-up visit to assess long-term retention of the instructions they were provided. The sample menu collected from the two contacts provided data on choice deletions and additions. These data were analyzed by t-tests. There were no statistically significant differences found between diabetic diet instructions done by videotape or one-on-one at either follow-up visit or telephone contact. In this sample, videotaped instructions of the diabetic diet were just as effective as one-on-one instructions. / Master of Science

Master of Science

A detailed nutritional assessment was carried out on thirteen patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Estimates of body fat and skeletal muscle were measured using triceps-skinfold, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle area, and creatinine height index. Body weight was compared to standards for height and sex. Serum albumin and transferrin levels were measured to estimate visceral protein stores. The average Kilocalorie and protein intake was assessed from four day records and compared to estimated Kilocalorie and protein needs. The findings of this assessment showed decreased skeletal and visceral protein stores that can be characterized as a mixed type of malnutrition, or marasmic-kwashiokor. Protein intake was also shown to be inadequate when compared to estimated protein needs for stress and/or infection. This could contribute to diminished protein stores and muscle wasting. / M.S.

Multiple factors such as ethnicity, increasing age, low socioeconomic status, and being under-educated contribute to increased morbidity and mortality associated with the silent killer known as hypertension. Studies show that despite the tremendous progress in awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, improvements in control of this deadly disease have slowed. New data now indicate an increase in the rate of stroke, end-stage renal disease and heart failure, specifically among the lower socioeconomic, undereducated hypertensive populations. There is a large population of African American lower socioeconomic and undereducated individuals with a high rate of hypertension in the South Apopka community of Central Florida. This study builds on existing data for this population which identified these citizens as having the greatest difficulty following a low fat and low calorie diet. Repeated measures design was used to evaluate the impact of Dietary Approached to Stop Hypertension (DASH), a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, protein, and low-fat dairy products, education on dietary compliance and blood pressure in this population. The Apopka hypertension study predominantly consisted of African American female participants. More that 77% of the participants were greater than 55 years of age. The implementation of the DASH diet significantly lowered systolic blood pressure by 12.62 mm Hg (p=.011). The diastolic pressure decreased by 6.13 mm Hg; however this was not significant. (p~.05). Participants rated their compliance level on a 5 point Likert type scale with the average rating at 3.48 (somewhat compliant). Results from this study indicated that the implementation of the DASH diet was an effective method for achieving dietary control over hypertension for this sample.

published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Master / Master of Dental Surgery

[Truncated abstract] This thesis examines the potential role of dietary intake in the development of two common conditions affecting the prostate gland; prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Diet is of interest as a potential risk factor for prostate cancer because of geographical variations in prostate cancer incidence and increased prostate cancer risks associated with migration from Asian to western countries. Some geographical variation has been suggested for BPH, but this is less certain. However, both prostate cancer and BPH have potential links with diet through their positive associations with sex hormone levels, metabolic syndrome, increased insulin levels and chronic inflammation. In addition, zinc is an essential dietary micronutrient required for semen production in the prostate gland. The original work for this thesis is presented in six manuscripts of which, four have been published in peer-reviewed journals (at the time of thesis completion). BPH investigated in this thesis is defined as surgically-treated BPH. The following hypotheses were investigated. Regarding foods, nutrients and the risk of prostate cancer and BPH: 1. Increasing intakes of fruits, vegetables and zinc are inversely associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH 2. Increasing intakes of total fat and calcium are positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. 3. Dietary patterns characterised by high meat, processed meat, calcium and fat content are positively associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. 4. Dietary patterns characterised by high fruit and vegetable and low meat content are inversely associated with the risk of prostate cancer and BPH. v Regarding methodological issues related to the study of diet-disease relationships: 5. Dietary patterns (overall diet) elicited from principal components analysis yield stronger diet-disease associations than when studying isolated nutrients. 6. Remotely recalled dietary intake is reliable enough to be used in studies of chronic disease with long latency periods, such as prostate cancer and BPH. Methods: Data from two studies was used to address the hypotheses above. ... Based on the literature reviewed and the original work for this thesis, the most important dietary risk factors for prostate cancer and BPH appear to be those common to western style diets, i.e. diets high in red meat, processed meat, refined grains, dairy products, and low in fruit and vegetables. This type of diet is likely to result in marginal intakes of antioxidants and fibre, excess intakes of fat and possibly, moderate intakes of carcinogens associated with processed meat and meat cooked at high temperatures. These dietary factors have been linked with biomarkers of inflammation, and they support the hypotheses that chronic inflammation is involved in the development of both prostate cancer and BPH. In addition, this work builds on evidence that zinc is an important factor in prostate health. There is scope for more investigation into the reliability of dietary patterns and the use of nutrient patterns as an alternative to focussing on single food components. Further studies on the reliability of remote dietary intake would also be useful. Because of the latency of chronic disease, it can be theorised that remote dietary recall may uncover more robust diet-disease relationships.

No description available.

We estimated the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in women 1-year postpartum in central Montreal. Blood samples were obtained by venipuncture and questionnaires administered. Iron intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Mothers with at least two of the following laboratory values were considered to have IDA: serum ferritin (SF) < 12 mug/L, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) < 80 fL and hemoglobin (Hb) < 120 g/L. Blood samples were analysed for 201 women. The estimates of prevalence of anemia (Hb < 120 g/L), iron deficiency (SF < 12 mug/L) and IDA were 7.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8%-10.9%), 5.5% (95% CI 2.5%-8.9%) and 2.5% (95% CI 0.3%-4.7%) respectively. No significant differences were observed between level of income and anemia, iron deficiency and IDA rates. Anemia was not related to dietary iron intake. In conclusion, the prevalence of IDA is low among healthy women 1-year postpartum in central Montreal.