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published_or_final_version / Botany / Master / Master of Philosophy

Originally presented as: Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Minnesota, 1925. / Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-37).

Originally presented as: Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Minnesota, 1925. / Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-37).

Pre-harvest glyphosate is applied to cereal grains to remove weeds. However, it has been claimed that oat compositions are affected by pre-harvest glyphosate. Research was conducted to evaluate differences in properties of β-glucan in the treated versus untreated oat groats. Two oat cultivars (Rockford and Souris) were grown at Minot and Prosper, North Dakota in 2015, and glyphosate was sprayed during the soft dough stage, physiological maturity stage, or not applied. β-Glucan viscosity was not significantly (p > 0:05) affected by treatment at soft dough or physiological maturity stages. Use of glyphosate at the soft dough stage significantly (p < 0:05) reduced the percentages of β-glucan content and solubility versus untreated samples. Treatment at soft dough and physiological maturity stages significantly (p < 0:05) increased β-glucan molecular weights compared to untreated controls. Therefore, glyphosate can be applied at the physiologically mature stage of grain development because β glucan properties from the groats were not negatively affected.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1961 L65

Acute post-prandial hyperglycaemia may trigger acute increases in systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the effect of both an oat-rich diet and standard dietary advice on glycaemic control, post-prandial glycaemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in volunteers with diet-managed type 2 diabetes. Method In a randomised cross-over design 30 volunteers with type 2 diabetes followed for two 8 week periods either an oat-rich diet or a control diet based on standard dietary advice. Volunteers attended at baseline, week 8 and 16. Measurements included basic clinical parameters, baseline blood tests followed by consumption of a standard test-meal with glucose, insulin and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress quantified during the post-prandial period. During each dietary period volunteers underwent a three day period of free-living continuous glucose monitoring (CGMS) during which time they kept a food diary. At the study end, the post-prandial response to an iso-energetic meal rich in oats was assessed. Results There were no diet-related differences in parameters of glycaemic control or post-prandial glycaemia based on CGMS data. Dietary intervention also had no effect on either the glycaemic or insulinaemic responses to the test-meal and there were no differences in the acute responses to the standard or oat-based test meals. Chronic intervention with the oat-based diet increased fasting adiponectin concentrations (P=0.06) and post-prandial ORAC concentrations (P<0.05) but had no effect on fasting CRP, ORAC, OxLDL or TBARS concentrations or the post-prandial response of CRP, adiponectin or TBARS to the standard test-meal. Following the oat-based test meal, adiponectin concentrations declined less (P<0.05) while CRP concentrations increased less (P<0.05) compared with the standard test-meal. Conclusion The oat-rich diet exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects in both the basal and post-prandial states independent of any effect on glycaemia. These findings may have implications for nutritional management of cardiovascular risk.

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