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Estimation of the diagnostic accuracy of organ electrodermal diagnosticsSzopinski, Jan Zbigniew 14 February 2007 (has links)
Student Number : 9402348T -
MSc(Med) dissertation -
School of Medicine -
Faculty of Health Sciences / My previous investigations have indicated that a connection exists between the state of
health of specific internal organs and the electrical characteristics of related, although
sometimes remote, skin areas. These skin areas are referred to as organ projection areas
(OPA) and include acupuncture points. Pathology of a particular organ causes a related
OPA to rectify electrical currents, once the resistance ‘breakthrough effect’ has been
induced in the skin. The ‘breakthrough effect’ is a rapid reversible decrease in skin
resistance which takes place under certain electrical stimulatory conditions. Only after it
occurs, the skin resistance measured by means of a positively polarised point electrode is
significantly higher for diseased organs’ projection areas, when compared to the
resistance for the same but negatively polarised measuring electrode (rectification / diode
phenomenon). For healthy organs’ projection areas, this phenomenon is not observed.
The pathology of an internal organ also increases the impedance of the corresponding
OPA. The location of the skin zone, where a high degree of rectification and increased
impedance is observed, indicates which particular organ is diseased. The degree of
rectification or difference in impedance indicates the extent of the pathological process within the organ. These findings created the basis for a new non-invasive diagnostic
method – organ electrodermal diagnostics (OED).
Although the electrical phenomena of the skin described above have been confirmed
clinically, the resistance and impedance values involved have not been characterized
statistically. Therefore, in order to determine the accuracy of OED, optimization of OED
parameters was undertaken. Evaluation of electrical characteristics revealed that for AC
measurements, low frequency and high amplitude were most suitable. Therefore 250Hz
was selected as the measurement frequency, since lower frequencies produced
uncomfortable sensations under the measuring electrode. Measuring current amplitude
was chosen to be 25uA (peak) since it was observed to be below the perception threshold.
For DC measurements, the highest amplitude of the measurement stimulus that does not
cause uncomfortable sensations was the most suitable. Since the skin resistance is very
low after the ‘breakthrough effect’, 25uA was chosen as optimal.
According to these parameters the OED device ‘Diagnotronics’ was built. The device
specifies the actual condition of the organ related to the investigated skin area as
'HEALTHY', 'WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS', ‘SUBACUTE’ and ‘ACUTE’. A
special display graded according to percentage of the disease intensity, makes it possible
to specify accurately the activity of organ pathology. The locations of skin areas
corresponding to the examined organs and final results are displayed on a screen.
A double-blind comparative study of OED results and clinical diagnoses, as a criterion
standard, was performed on a group of 200 inpatients at Helen Joseph Hospital's surgical
department. The study was restricted to the following organs: oesophagus, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, colon, kidneys, urinary bladder and prostate. These organs are
relatively easy to access clinically, and their pathologies represent a variety of
aetiological and pathogenetic factors e.g. infections, inflammation, neoplasms,
immunological and metabolic disorders.
In total 630 true OED results were obtained from the 714 subjects considered:
detection rate 88.2% (85,6-90,5%). Established OED sensitivity was 89.5% (85,2-92,8%)
and OED specificity equaled 87.5% (84,0-90,4%). The predictive value for positive OED
results was 81.7% (76,9-85,9%) and for negative OED results 93.0% (90,1-95,2%).
There were no significant differences in the results obtained from various internal
organs. Healthy organs usually display the OED result 'HEALTHY' or 'WITHIN
NORMAL LIMITS’, while subacute pathology displays 'SUBACUTE' and acute
pathology as an 'ACUTE'. The OED results were affected neither by the type nor the
aetiology of disease i.e. OED estimates the actual extent of the pathological process
activity within a particular organ but does not explain the direct cause of the pathology.
The OED results were not influenced by a patient's muscle tension, emotional state,
skin humidity, environmental temperature or by procedure duration. The pressure of the
measuring electrode had a limited influence (up to 5%) on the OED results and did not
affect the final diagnoses. No side-effects of the OED examinations were observed.
The study confirmed the existence of OPA on the skin surface and proved that OED is
a reliable bioelectronic method of non-invasive medical diagnostic testing, with high
rates of sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. OED may detect diseased organs
and estimate the activity of the pathological process.
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Ensinando o conceito de campo elétrico a partir do fenômeno do raio / Teaching the electric field concept from the lighning phenomenonOrtiz, João Paulo Martins Tobaruela 21 December 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This dissertation is a report of the development and application of a Potentially
Meaningful Teaching Units (PMTU), proposed by Moreira, approaching the
concept of electric field for high school level. Aiming to contextualize it, the
starting point of PMTU is the lightning phenomenon, which is difficult to
reproduce at the school lab, is worked with digital educational objects (DEO)
and the students were engaged actively in all activities, showing great
motivation to study the phenomenon and learn the concepts involved. The
construction of conceptual maps by the students with collaborative ways, also
allowed them to interact socially, trying to negotiate meanings. The theoretical
basis of PMTU uses mainly the Theory of Meaningful Learning of Ausubel. The
results gave evidence of the occurrence of significant learning by students, and
the acceptance regarding the strategies used. / Esta dissertação é o relato do desenvolvimento e da aplicação de uma Unidade
de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS), proposta por Moreira, que visa
abordar o conceito de campo elétrico em nível de Ensino Médio. Com o intuito
de contextualizar o assunto, o ponto de partida da UEPS é o fenômeno do raio,
que pela dificuldade em ser reproduzido no laboratório escolar, é trabalhado
por meio de objetos educacionais digitais (OED), permitindo que algumas
atividades sejam trabalhadas pelos próprios alunos de maneira ativa. Isso os
levou a uma motivação maior ao estudar o fenômeno e aprender os conceitos
envolvidos. A construção de mapas conceituais pelos alunos de maneira
colaborativa possibilitou, também, que os alunos interagissem socialmente, por
meio da negociação de significados. O embasamento teórico da UEPS usa,
principalmente, a Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de Ausubel. Os
resultados obtidos apontam evidências da ocorrência de aprendizagem
significativa por parte dos alunos, bem como a aceitação da UEPS em relação
às estratégias utilizadas.
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Vztahy mezi staroseverskými adjektivními výpůjčkami a jejich staroanglickými protějšky ve střední angličtině / Relationships between Old Norse adjectival borrowings and their Old English counterparts in Middle EnglishMüllerová, Světlana January 2020 (has links)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY - FACULTY OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND ELT METHODOLOGY Relationships between the borrowed Old Norse adjectives in English and their Old English counterparts MA THESIS Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Jan Čermák, CSc. Author: Světlana Müllerová Abstract: The aim of this MA thesis is to examine the relationship between six word pairs, each comprising an Old Norse adjectival borrowing in Middle English and its Old English counterpart along with its Middle English reflex for further reference. The inquiry into their relationship involves an analysis of: their (i) formal aspects, (ii) syntactic properties, (iii) semantic fields and (iv) external factors possibly contributing to their obsolescence or survival, such as the restriction to certain text types or geographic localization, as suggested by the individual linguistic profiles in the Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English and Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English. The description of individual semantic fields of the given words is based on their semantic classification within the Historical Thesaurus of English. This analysis is based on the occurrences of the individual words as taken from the dictionaries Middle English Dictionary and Dictionary of Old English, and related corpora Dictionary of Old English Corpus and...
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