The aim of this master thesis is comparation of simulation tools OptSim™ and PHO- TOSS which are used to create simulations of data traffi cs in access and metropolitan networks. The outcome of this thesis is three laboratory exercises and their theoretical bases which should explain the way of working in diff erent simulation environments to students.

The aim of this master thesis is comparation of simulation tools OptSim™ and PHOTOSS which are used to create simulations of data traffi cs in access and metropolitan networks. The outcome of this thesis is three laboratory exercises and their theoretical bases which should explain the way of working in diff erent simulation environments to students.

The aim of this thesis was to ascertain with the measurement methods of passive optical networks and the creation of a simulation model that corresponds to the measured network and comparison of results. The first chapter deals with Triple Play services, which are focused on different services (transmission of television signals, voice and data transmission). Each service consists of a subchapter and presents a detailed description of the parameters associated with the transmission. The second chapter of the theoretical part consists of an analysis of passive optical networks according to termination method of FTTx optical fiber. Partial part of this chapter consists of description of standard passive optical networks APON, BPON, GPON and EPON. The EPON standard is explained in detail. The theoretical part of the thesis is concluded with a description of active elements that will form the laboratory measured network. Testing of designed passive optical network is performed in the practical part of the thesis. The measurement is divided into two chapters. The first chapter consist of measuring of the „inanimate network“, as there are missing active elements in the nominated net. Network measurements were done by a direct measuring method and reflectometric method. The second chapter of the practical part consists of measuring the parameters of quality of service (QoS). This chapter is divided into subchapters, such as: the measurement using RFC 2544 standard, the measurement using ITU-T standard Y.156 (EtherSam) and bit error rate testing (BERT). The practical part ends with a designed simulation network model, which was proposed in OptSim 5.2. The aim of the simulation model was to maximally resemble a real network, due to result comparison.

The aim of the thesis was to introduce the standard ITU-T G.989. Introduction deals with passive network architecture, which clarifies the basic functional elements that occur in optical networks. Been described active components and the very principle of data transfer in the distribution network. Next section is devoted to new technologies that are defined for the latest generation of passive networks NG-PON2. There have been a principle of data transmission in such networks and their advantages and disadvantages. I described the principle of data transmission in such networks and their advantages and disadvantages. The practical part deals with creating a functional network of NG-PON2 also using optical amplifiers. Another suggestion was using a digital CATV transmission of QAM modulation under optical networks on a dedicated wavelength of 1550 nm. Also simulate the coexistence of this new standard with previous PON technologies. Finally, the work consisted in implementing the Miller’s code into OptSim v5.2 environment, which compared the transmission characteristics of each line of codes with this Miller’s code. All practical simulations were designed and simulated in program OptSim v5.2.

The work is focused on the design of optical network of technologies WDM-PON. The work describes passive technologies like APON, GPON, EPON etc. Theoretical part is focused on elements used in WDM-PON networks like transmitters, receivers. Distributional part is focused on optical fibers. The work also describes the quality of service QoS and Triple play. Practical part is focused on attenuation balance, choice of locality and description of individual parts of optical network. It is further described the technology of microtubing and financial analysis. In end of the work there is a simulation of optical network for 96 clients in the distance of 1 60 km described.

The main object of the master thesis was to familiarize with optical networks, describe the latest current technology of passive optical networks and create a simple simulation of our chosen technology. This thesis was divided into several parts. The first part deals with passive network architecture. I illustrated the basic functional elements which are present in optical networks. I described the active elements and principles of data transmission in the distribution network. To conclude this chapter I described the different standards that are defined for the passive network. In second part I familiarized myself with key parameters and their adverse effect on the transmitted signal. Another part deals with the new technologies that are defined for the next generation of passive network NG-PON. I described the principles of data transmission in these networks and their advantages and disadvantages. The last part deals with creating custom simulations of technology defined by standard NG-PON using OptSim 05.02 Subsequently I have collated all the results of the various technologies and show the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Les émissions anthropiques (industrielles, agricoles, de combustion) et naturelles (biogéniques, feux de biomasse, poussières désertiques) sont autant de sources qui affectent notre atmosphère. D'un impact rapide et quantifiable sur la qualité de l'air à une probable modification climatique, leur action est variée en termes d'espèces chimiques émises et de conséquences sur l'environnement et la santé humaine. En plus d'un impact direct localement, les panaches de gaz traces et de particules émis peuvent subir un transport à longue distance. Ce transport induit des modifications de leurs caractéristiques et donc de leur impact. Une mesure locale n'est alors pas suffisante pour comprendre le problème dans son ensemble. Les missions satellitaires apportent alors une information complémentaire déterminante puisqu'elles permettent une observation à l'échelle globale pour de nombreuses espèces. Cette vision globale de la troposphère a en particulier mis en évidence l'importance du transport intercontinental de la pollution et les fortes incertitudes dans sa représentation par les modèles de chimie et transport. Ce travail de thèse a permis d'améliorer la caractérisation et la quantification de l'impact relatif des émissions locales et des espèces transportées à longue distance sur la pollution régionale en se basant sur le couplage entre observations satellitaires et modélisation. Les observations utilisées sont les mesures des réseaux de surface AIRBASE et AERONET pour concentrations et les épaisseurs optiques, des satellites MODIS et PARASOL pour les propriétés optiques des aérosols, du lidar CALIOP pour la structure verticale des panaches. La modélisation a été réalisée avec le modèle météorologique WRF et le modèle de chimie-transport CHIMERE. Afin de comparer directement les résultats des simulations aux mesures, un nouvel outil a été développé. La valeur ajoutée de cet outil par rapport aux outils de calculs de propriétés optiques déjà existants est la simulation de données lidar de niveau 1. Ainsi, ce travail illustre également l'information supplémentaire qui peut être attendue de l'utilisation des observations lidar pour l'analyse des événements de pollution particulaire. Les comparaisons entre modèle et observations ont été réalisées sur la région Euro-Méditerranéen et pendant l'été 2007, période pendant laquelle neuf évènements intenses de transport d'aérosols minéraux venant d'Afrique et de feux de forêts sur l'ensemble de la région sont venus s'ajouter aux sources anthropiques et biogéniques. Les principaux résultats montrent une contribution significative de ces sources aux dépassements du seuil de pollution tant au niveau local que régional. Spécifiquement pour les feux, nous avons pu montrer que cette source particulière de particules dans l'atmosphère était responsable à elle seule de 40 à 55% des jours de dépassements cumulés pendant tout l'été et observés en Europe de l'Est. Les informations obtenues ont aussi permis de mettre en évidence les points critiques pour la simulation des aérosols liés aux paramétrisations considérées (distribution en taille des aérosols, hauteur d'injection, diffusion verticale), aux émissions et au transport.

Nowdays, optical fibers are one of important parts of computer networks, especially for their ability to transfer information for long distance. This thesis doesn´t utilize optical fibers as carriers, but as sources of information, specifically as sensors intended to detect physical effects acting on the optical fiber, which is usually used for telecommunication purposes. Linear and nonlinear properties of the fiber are used to gain information about acting effects on the optical fiber.

The master’s thesis is focused on the theoretical and practical issues of optical access networks. The first chapter of the thesis deals with the concept of the access networks known as FTTx. The second and third chapters focus on the principles and standardization of the active optical network AON P2P and the passive optical network TDM PON. The fourth chapter of the thesis focuses on the network WDM PON, wavelength multiplexes, solution concept and the LG-Ericsson EA 1100 platform. The fifth chapter of the thesis deals with the infrastructure of the optical paths for optical access networks. The sixth chapter of the thesis presents custom design of the headend for reception, processing and distribution of television broadcasting. Two custom access network solutions (AON P2P and WDM PON) for the town Bystřice nad Pernštejnem are presented in the seventh chapter. Case studies include the design of the optical paths infrastructure, central office infrastructure, end-user infrastructure, CAPEX/OPEX economic analysis and basic simulation in OptSim.