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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Brasil e Argentina no Oriente Médio: do pós-segunda guerra mundial ao final da guerra fria

Preiss, José Luiz Silva January 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-17T11:19:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000450686-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 885231 bytes, checksum: a04865a37e2236ac621fd3628a12dd59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / The aim of this paper is to analyse the creation of the Middle East as an European plan, as well as the intensive oil exploitation in the region, that has begun since the beginning of the XX century. After the First World War, the USA oil companies have participated of oil exploitation, while the country was acting in the South America to establish her influence once the South American countries were still under the European one. After the Second World War, the political and military presence of the USA in the Middle East and in the South America has increased, interfering decisively in the international relations of both regions. During the Cold War, the USA acted intensively in the foreign policy of strategic nations, such as Brazil, Argentina and the Middle East. These countries have developed their own strategies to reach their goals, as well as the USA ones. The Brazilian and the Argentinian presences in the Middle East took place according to the USA plans, but the relations between Brazil and Argentina with Iraq and Iran, respectively, created an outstanding cooperation in the military and nuclear areas, that was important to these countries, while Brazil and Argentina also helped the USA military advisors in the South and Central America against guerrilla groups. After the downfall of the USSR, according to the USA strategy, it was not necessary the continuation of the military and nuclear cooperation of Brazilian and Argentinian techinicians with the countries of the Middle East. In the South America, the USA plans were established by the Washington Consensus, that were accepted by the newly elected civilian presidents, while Iraq was invaded by the USA troops and an international coalition being obliged to accept the new status quo imposed by the world hegemonic power, in the beginning of the 90’s in that region. On the other hand, the new Brazilian and Argentinian Presidents dealt with the countries of the Middle East differently. According to their commercial advantages. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a importância do Oriente Médio para a política externa do Brasil e da Argentina do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial ao final da Guerra Fria. A penetração estadunidense na região ocorre no mesmo período, enquanto afirmava a sua influência na América Latina, que ainda mantinha fortes ligações com a Europa. As duas guerras mundiais intensificaram a presença estadunidense no Oriente Médio e na América do Sul, interferindo decisivamente nas relações internacionais de ambas as regiões .Com a Guerra Fria, os EUA passaram a atuar decisivamente nas políticas externas de nações importantes estrategicamente como Brasil e Argentina, além daquelas do Oriente Médio. A necessidade de enfrentar uma série de inimigos e situações impostos pelo conflito bipolar permitiu que se instalasse a presença brasileira e argentina no Oriente Médio, passando a atuar ainda que tardiamente. No âmbito comercial e estratégico-militar, os dois países sul-americanos tiveram relações privilegiadas com o Iraque e com o Irã, respectivamente. Por outro lado, a rivalidade histórica na América do Sul, transferida para o Oriente Médio, abria espaço à cooperação extremamente benéfica para ambos, favorecendo também os planos dos EUA naquela região .Com a queda da URSS, determinando o final da Guerra Fria, não era mais do interesse da potência hegemônica que houvesse uma relação ativa na área nuclear e militar como aquela estabelecida entre Brasil e Argentina com os países árabes e o Irã. Na América do Sul, as novas diretrizes estadunidenses foram determinadas pelo Consenso de Washington e acatadas pelos governos democraticamente eleitos, enquanto o Iraque, após a guerra contra Irã e após a invasão do Kuwait estava exaurido economicamente, sendo derrotado militarmente por uma coalizão internacional, forçando a acatar o novo status quo que se estabelecia a partir da década de 1990. Os novos presidentes brasileiros e argentinos do período da redemocratização, por sua vez, demonstraram comportamentos diferentes a respeito das relações de seus países com o Oriente Médio.

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