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abstract: Regulatory agencies, such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), recognize that decisions regarding occupational health are often economically driven, with worker health only a secondary concern (Ruttenberg, 2014). To investigate the four National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) long-standing health concerns—welding fumes, crystalline silica, noise, and musculoskeletal disorders—a mixed methods research is conducted. Fourfold structuration, a holistic communication process with roots in indigenous/ancient knowledge, is used to organize data and facilitate making tangible relationships of health to productivity and profits that are abstract and often stated by industries, such as construction, as difficult to quantify. From both construction trade worker and occupational health and safety expert interviews data/codes are developed. For the qualitative method, the codes are organized into a constructivist grounded theory depicting the construction industry with regard to its foundation – profits. A theoretical exercise translating the qualitative codes into potential productivity losses is presented as a way for quantifying the abstract relationships of health to productivity. For the quantitative study, the data/codes are used to develop a comprehensive list of practices, barriers to, and catalysts for addressing health in construction. A significant quantitative finding is that occupational health and safety (OSH) experts are not traditionally involved at the highest levels of the OSHA Hierarchy of Controls, where the greatest opportunity to prevent exposure to health hazards is possible. Organized via a holistic framework, this research emphasizes our primary responsibility to each other as highlighted in recent NIOSH worker health agendas. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Engineering 2017

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Brian P. Niehoff / This thesis is the tool for moving companies to the next level in safety. I believe through this plan we can keep people safe in the agribusiness industry. This is very important, so that we can keep cost down and be able to stay in business; or avoid costly litigation / arbitration hearings because someone was injured on the job. When I was hired my job was to develop procedures that meet Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards, reduced injuries, and would be a continuous improvement type of program. The thesis will be introductory information in regards to safety followed by a sample safety manual that I have created by working with different safety professional in the safety industry.

Motivation: The accurate and reliable measurement of the concentration of coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPVs) in ambient air has proved to be a challenge for occupational hygienists. The challenge must however be confronted due to, amongst others, the carcinogenic properties of some poly–aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in CTPVs. Aim: To determine the feasibility of a thermal desorption (TD) technique based method as an alternative method to be used for the measurement of the concentration of CTPVs in ambient air by assessing it along criteria such as ease of use, cost, accuracy and precision by comparing it to NIOSH’s Method 5515 and OSHA’s Method 58 and to determine the level of exposure to CTPVs on the anode paste floor of an electric furnace, used for the smelting of platinum group metals (PGMs) concentrate. Methodology: To satisfy the research objective, two accepted methods the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health’s (NIOSH) method 5515 and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) method 58 were used for the measurement of the concentration of CTPVs with a TD technique based method used as a third, alternative method. All three methods were used concurrently to measure the concentration of CTPVs in ambient air, at the anode paste floor of a platinum group metals (PGMs) concentrate smelter. Results and conclusions: The NIOSH method proved to be the most precise method while the TD technique based method proved to be the most accurate. The TD technique based method proved to measure the widest range of individual CTPVs and were able to measure the highest concentration of Benzo(a)pyrene, an individual CTPV that is classified as a Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans) chemical substance by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The OSHA method measured on average almost four times less total CTPVs than either the NIOSH or the TD technique based method and failed to readily measure individual CTPVs with a molecular weight lower than that of Phenanthrene. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Motivation: The accurate and reliable measurement of the concentration of coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPVs) in ambient air has proved to be a challenge for occupational hygienists. The challenge must however be confronted due to, amongst others, the carcinogenic properties of some poly–aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contained in CTPVs. Aim: To determine the feasibility of a thermal desorption (TD) technique based method as an alternative method to be used for the measurement of the concentration of CTPVs in ambient air by assessing it along criteria such as ease of use, cost, accuracy and precision by comparing it to NIOSH’s Method 5515 and OSHA’s Method 58 and to determine the level of exposure to CTPVs on the anode paste floor of an electric furnace, used for the smelting of platinum group metals (PGMs) concentrate. Methodology: To satisfy the research objective, two accepted methods the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health’s (NIOSH) method 5515 and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) method 58 were used for the measurement of the concentration of CTPVs with a TD technique based method used as a third, alternative method. All three methods were used concurrently to measure the concentration of CTPVs in ambient air, at the anode paste floor of a platinum group metals (PGMs) concentrate smelter. Results and conclusions: The NIOSH method proved to be the most precise method while the TD technique based method proved to be the most accurate. The TD technique based method proved to measure the widest range of individual CTPVs and were able to measure the highest concentration of Benzo(a)pyrene, an individual CTPV that is classified as a Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans) chemical substance by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The OSHA method measured on average almost four times less total CTPVs than either the NIOSH or the TD technique based method and failed to readily measure individual CTPVs with a molecular weight lower than that of Phenanthrene. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Thesis (M.S.); Submitted to Central Missouri State University, Warrensburg, MO (US); 17 Dec 2004. / Published through the Information Bridge: DOE Scientific and Technical Information. Kerr, Kent. NNSA Kansas City Site Office (US) NNSA Kansas City Site Office. 12/17/2004. Report is also available in paper and microfiche from NTIS.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to create a safety compliance model which would advance the state of the art of safety compliance models and provide management with a practical tool which can be used in making safety decisions in an environment where multiple objectives exist. A goal programming safety compliance model (OSHA Model) was developed to fulfill this purpose. The objective function of the OSHA Model was designed to minimize the total deviation from the established goals of the model. These model goals were expressed in terms of 1) level of compliance to OSHA safety and health regulations, 2) company accident frequency rate, 3) company accident cost per worker, and 4) a company budgetary restriction. This particular set of goals was selected to facilitate management's fulfillment of its responsibilities to OSHA, the employees, and to ownership. This study concludes that all the research objectives have been accomplished. The OSHA Model formulated not only advances the state of the art of safety compliance models, but also provides a practical tool which facilitates management's safety and health decisions. The insight into the relationships existing in a safety compliance decision system provided by the OSHA Model and its accompanying sensitivity analysis was demonstrated by the empirical application during the research. The optimal solution values showed what could be accomplished with a given objective structure and the existing safety and health functional relationships. The optimal solution values obtained during the sensitivity analysis showed how sensitive the model is to the uncertainties relating to goal structures and the specific exogenous and endogenous parameter values. This new insight available to management can provide a scientific base upon which the total system decisions can be made.

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