No description available.

The aim of the present thesis is to give a comparision on sex determination of phenotypically undifferentiated birds species focused on the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus). Compared to other species of owls is relatively a few researches on the Long-eared Owl and researches on sex differences have not led to the quantified results yet. Attention is focused on characteristics and mechanisms of birds coloration. This work includes the methods and results of colour perception and interpretation in sexual dimorphism. It focuses primarily on the differences in color of certain parts of the bird, such as the alula, secondary remiges and lower part of the wing. For those pieces is further evaluating color differences in sex and proposes solutions that could help in further researches on sex determination of the Long-eared Owl.

My thesis deals with ecology and diet of the Long - eared Owl (Asio otus). The study area a wintering place is situated near the town of Kladno. 1) The hypothesis that a high snow cover has an influence on the Long-eared Owl diet has been confirmed. 3) The thesis deals with the determination methods of small vertebrate species in Long - eared Owl's diet. The work deals with postcranial skelet as well. There was compilled the method of the sex determination in Common vole (Microtus arvalis). The sex determination was based on the morphological differences of the pelvic bones. The results (sex ratio) had been statistically tested and as such found significant. 2) There were also analyzed the skeletal remnants of the pelvic bones in the pellets. The study of the pelvic bones was carry out in order to find expected seasonal changes in the sex ratio in a dominant prey Common vole (Microtus arvalis). That hypothesis was not confirmed. Keywords: Long-eared owl (Asio otus), diet, postcranial skeleton, pelvic bones

This diploma thesis deals with the monitoring of the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) on the wintering grounds in Kladno Kročehlavy between 2015 and 2017. The monitoring is focused on spatial activity linked to food sources and food analysis. The research aimed at finding out whether the maximum distance of night overflight is within five kilometers from the night shelter. Another focus was on the discovery of the variability of the food supply in relation to the weather over the past 10 years and the comparison of the data with the results of the already published works. Several methods were used in the research. Method of observation, capture into impact ornithological nets, ringing, collection and analysis of pellets and modern method of GPS telemetry. Using mentioned methods, it was found that the maximum distance of overflights linked to food sources is not only within five kilometers from the night shelter. These distances may vary in length. The research managed to track the overflight less than 30 kilometers away. Further findings on the content of food supply and weather showed that there has been only slight variation in the occurrence of the main boar loot in the last ten years. KEYWORDS Long-eared Owl (Asio otus), frequency, telemetry, night shelter, migration, monitoring

This thesis is focused on determining the sex of the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus). Bird feathers were used during determination that were taken from owl`s back while capturing and ringing. We have attempted to differentiate the sex of captured Long-eared Owl by DNA isolation from blood platelets in the bird quail and subsequent PCR reaction. This thesis also describes the PCR method, which is one of the most used methods in the todays laboratories of many different field of science. I also mention the individual components that are needed for the process of this reaction, its history and its individual steps. Part of my diploma thesis is also the characteristic of the tested order and possible gender division based on morphological features. On this basis, there is also mention of the sexual dimorphism of birds, their plumage and its subsequent coloring. At birds and also at other animals are used different techniques of molecular determination of sex, which I also refer to in my work. Keywords Long-eared Owl (Asio otus), sex, chromosomes, feathers, colour, PCR, DNA

The aim of the present thesis is to give a review of the ringing recoveries of the Long - eared owl (Asio otus) in the territory of the former Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic. The bird ringing data used in this thesis come from the archive of the National Museum in Prague. The parts of the thesis are as follows:1) history of the ringing in the Czech Republic; 2) bird adaptation on the flight and migration; 3) control of the migration; 4) the data of the Long- eared owls ringed as the young birds in the nest (pulli); 5) the data of the Long - eared owls ringed as adults (ad), that were caught and checked during their wintering in the Czech Republic; 6) the recoveries of the Long- eared owls ringed by various European Bird Ringing Centres and found in the Czech Republic; 7) cause of the mortality of the Long eared owl;8) census of the Long - eared owl recoveries in the Czech Republic from 1934 till 2011 (appendix). Key words: Migration, the Long-eared Owl, Ringing, Ringing Recoveries, Mortality

L’objectif principal de ce travail était de réaliser une étude écotoxicologique du complexe lac Ichkeul-lagune de Bizerte. Un recensement des pesticides agricoles les plus utilisés dans le bassin versant agricole a été effectué afin de déterminer les pesticides les plus problématiques. Le recensement effectué auprès des agriculteurs, des revendeurs de produits phytosanitaires et le commissariat régional de développement agricole de Bizerte a permis d’identifier les molécules les plus utilisées au niveau des zones agricoles du bassin versant du complexe lac Ichkeul – lagune de Bizerte: l’iodosulfurone, le mésosulfurone, le 2,4D, le glyphosate et le fénoxaprop comme matières actives des herbicides ; le tébuconazole et l’époxiconazole comme fongicide et la deltaméthrine matières active des insecticides. Ensuite, les concentrations en pesticides, HAP et PCB ont été déterminées. Les résultats ont montré une contamination au niveau de certains sites du complexe. Les stations situées dans la lagune de Bizerte ont des teneurs en HAP dépassant les limites tolérées. Les concentrations en pesticides dépassent les normes au niveau de quelques sites du lac Ichkeul. Enfin, l’impact de ces polluants sur les communautés microbiennes et la densité de nématodes a été déterminé. La CCA combinant les résultats des analyses chimiques et les données T-RFLP des communautés bactériennes met en évidence que les communautés bactériennes du lac sont influencées parles pesticides alors que celles de la lagune sont influencées par les HAP. La répartition des T-RFs montre la présence de T-RFs spécifiques dans les sites contaminés : le T-RF 114 bp caractérise le site le plus contaminé en pesticide, les microorganismes associés à ce T-RF correspondent probablement à des microorganismes résistants aux pesticides et capables de les dégrader. La composition des communautés bactériennes a été déterminée par pyroséquençage 454 sur les sites les plus représentatifs : le moins contaminé du complexe, le plus contaminé en HAP, le plus contaminé en pesticides et un site présentant une contamination multiple HAP-Pesticides. L’impact de la présence des pesticides sur la densité des nématodes libres marins a été étudié. L'analyse taxinomique des données de pyroséquençage regroupe les séquences dans 44 embranchements différents. En général, Proteobacteria étaient l’embranchement le plus dominant avec une prédominance de Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria et deltaproteobacteria dans les sédiments. Les communautés bactériennes des quatre sites ont 211 OTU commun. Le lac Ichkeul a été caractérisé par 219 OTU spécifique et la lagune de Bizerte 235 OTU. Le Site 2, le plus contaminé en pesticides présente l’abondance la plus élevée en nématodes libres marins. / The main objective of this work was to conduct an ecotoxicological study of the complex Ichkeul Lake-Bizerta lagoon. A survey of the most used agricultural pesticides in the watershed of the complex was conducted to determine the most problematic compounds. The survey of pesticides use with farmers, dealers of pesticides and the Regional Commissioner for Agricultural Development Bizerte has helped to identify the most used pesticides in agricultural areas of the watershed of the complex Ichkeul Lake-Bizerta lagoon: iodosulfuron, the mesosulfurone, 2,4D, glyphosate and fenoxaprop as herbicides active materials, tebuconazol epoxiconazol as fungicide active materials and deltamethrin as insecticides. Then, the concentrations of pesticides, PAHs and PCBs were determined in the sediment of the complex. The results showed a contamination of some complex sites. Stations located in the lagoon of Bizerte have a level of PAH in excess of permissible limits. Pesticide concentrations exceed the standards at some sites from the Ichkeul Lake. Finally, the impact of these pollutants on microbial communities and nematode density was determined. CCA combines the results of chemical analyzes and T-RFLP data of bacterial communities shows that the bacterial communities of the lake are influenced by pesticides while those of the lagoon are influenced by PAHs. The distribution of T-RFs showed the presence of specific T-RFs in contaminated sites: the T-RF 114 bp characterizes the most contaminated site in pesticides, microorganisms associated with the T-RF are probably microorganisms resistant to pesticides and capable of degrading this pollutant. The composition of bacterial communities was determined by 454 pyrosequencing of the most representative sites: the least contaminated of the complex, the most contaminated by PAH, the most contaminated by pesticides and a site with multiple PAH-pesticides contamination. The impact of the presence of pesticides on the density of free living marine nematodes was studied. The taxonomic analysis of the pyrosequencing data grouped the sequences into 44 different phyla. In general, Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla with predominance of Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria within the sediments. Besides Proteobacteria, there are a number of sequences affiliated to the following major phyla detected in all four sites: Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Spirochaetes, Acidobacteria. The bacterial communities of the four sites shared 211 common OTUs. The Lake Ichkeul was characterized by 219 specific OTUs and the Bizerta lagoon by 235 OTUs. Site 2, the most contaminated by pesticides has the highest abundance of free living marine nematodes.