This study investigated the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in object recognition and spatial recognition memory using the spontaneous object recognition (SOR) and object-location (OL) tasks, respectively. Experiments 1 to 4, did not yield any consistent facilitative effects of systemic nAChR activation with nicotine using 24- and 48-hr delays. Using a 72-hr delay, experiments 5 and 8 revealed that systemic pre-sample nicotine dose-dependently facilitated SOR and OL performance, respectively. Experiments 6-7 and 9-10 investigated the potential involvement of the perirhinal cortex (PRh) and hippocampus (HPC) in these systemic effects, with activation of nAChR in both of these brain regions producing facilitative effects on SOR and OL performance. These results not only demonstrate that nAChR facilitate performance on SOR and OL memory tasks, but suggest these effects are mediated by nAChR action in both PRh and HPC. This study indicates that, even though PRh and HPC are functionally distinct, they can interact to enhance performance on tasks for which they are not entirely necessary. / This research was supported by NSERC and CFI, operating grants to Dr. Boyer Winters.

Figure-ground perception can be modeled as a competitive process with mutual inhibition between shape properties on opposite sides of an edge. This dissertation reports brain-based evidence that such competitive inhibition can be induced by access to preexisting object memory representations during figure assignment. Silhouette stimuli were used in which the balance of properties along an edge biased the inner, bounded, region to be seen as a novel figure. Experimental silhouettes (EXP) suggested familiar objects on their outside edges, which nonetheless appeared as shapeless grounds. Control silhouettes (CON) suggested novel shapes on the outside.In an initial task, human observers categorized masked EXP and CON silhouettes (175 ms exposure) as "novel" versus a third group of silhouettes depicting "familiar" objects on the inside. Signal detection measures verified that observers were unconscious of the familiar shapes within the EXP stimuli. Across three experiments, novel categorizations were highly accurate with shorter RTs for EXP than CON. Event-related potential (ERP) indices of observers' brain activity (Experiments 2 and 3) revealed a Late Potential (~300 ms) to be less positive for EXP than CON, a reduction in neural activity consistent with the presence of greater competitive inhibition for EXP stimuli. After controlling for stimulus confounds (Experiment 3), the P1 ERP (~100 ms) was larger for EXP than CON conditions, perhaps reflecting unconscious access to object memories.In a second task, observers were informed about familiar shapes suggested on the outsides of the EXP silhouettes before viewing masked (Experiments 1 and 2) or unmasked (Experiment 3) EXP and CON silhouettes to report whether they saw familiar shapes on the outside. Experiment 3 observers were more accurate to categorize CON vs. EXP stimuli as novel vs. familiar, with shorter RTs for EXP than CON. Task 2 N170 ERPs (~170 ms) were larger for EXP than CON in Experiments 2 and 3, reflecting the conscious perception of familiar shape in the outsides of EXP silhouettes. LP magnitudes were greater for CON than EXP, although ERP polarity was dependent on the presence/absence of a mask. Task 2 LPs may reflect competitive inhibition or longer processing times for CON stimuli.