The feasibility of sea surface temperature (SST) data improving the performance of an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) is investigated through a series of idealized numerical experiments. The GFDL Bryan-Cox-Semtner primitive equation model is set-up as an eddy resolving, unforced, flat bottomed channel of uniform depth. 'Observed' SST data taken from a reference ocean established in a control run are continuously assimilated into an 'imperfect' model using a simple 'nudging' scheme based on a surface relaxation condition of the form Q = C(SST — T₁) where Q is the heat flux and T₁ is the temperature at the top level of the model. The rate of assimilation is controlled by adjusting the constant inverse relaxation time parameter C. Numerical experiments indicate that the greatest improvement in the model fields is achieved in the extreme case of infinite assimilation (i.e., C = ᅇ) in which the 'observed' SST is directly inserted into the model. This improvement is quantified by monitoring the reduction in the root mean square (RMS) errors relative to the simulated reference ocean. Assimilation with longer relaxation time-scales (i.e., smaller C's) proves quite ineffective in reducing the RMS errors. The improvement in the direct insertion numerical experiment stems from the model's ability to transfer assimilated SST into subsurface information through strong advective processes. The assimilation of cool surface data induces convective overturning which transfers the 'cool' information downward rapidly but adversely affects the vertical thermal structure by an unrealistic deepening of the mixed layer. By contrast, warm surface data do not penetrate downward readily. Thus, the systematically biased downward flux of coolness gradually produces unrealistically cool subsurface waters. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

"This paper describes the procedure and results of a surface isotherm analysis of the North Indian Ocean for June 1920, a dry monsoon year, and June 1933, a wet monsoon year. It was found that June sea-surface temperatures were higher during the year of excessive rainfall as compared to a year of deficient rainfall. This positive parallelism is evidence which supports the hypothesis that the amount of rainfall over India during the southwest monsoon depends upon the variation of the surface temperature of the North Indian Ocean"--Abstract. / "August 15, 1952." / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 14).

Typescript (photocopy) / Bibliography: leaves 127-131. / Microfiche. / xii, 131 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009. / Vita: p. 179. Thesis director: V. Krishnamurthy. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Climate Dynamics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-178). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Dr. Carol Anne Clayson, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Meteorology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 16, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 82 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. / "Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through contract Numbers N00014-84-C-0134, N00014-85-C-0001, and N00014-87-K-0001." "October 1988." Includes bibliographical references (p. 357-367).

Graduation date: 1977

Measurements of the fluctuations of humidity, temperature and velocity were made in the marine boundary layer. The humidity fluctuations were measured with a Lyman-alpha humidiometer. Temperature fluctuations were measured with a dry thermocouple and a platinum resistance thermometer. Velocity fluctuations were measured with a three component sonic anemometer. These measurements were made from the Floating Instrument Platform (FLIP) operated by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography near San Diego in February, 1969 and during the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Expedition (BOMEX) in May 1969. The data were processed by digital techniques and the various spectra, cospectra and quadspectra between the velocities, humidity and temperature were obtained. Integrals of the cospectra were produced which allowed estimates of the fluxes of latent and sensible heat to be made. The normalized spectra of humidity fluctuations in San Diego and BOMEX have similar shapes. The normalized cospectra between vertical velocity and humidity in San Diego and BOMEX have similar shapes. Universal forms for the normalized humidity spectrum and the normalized cospectrum between vertical velocity and humidity may exist. The normalized spectra of the temperature fluctuations in San Diego and BOMEX have different shapes. The differences in shapes may be related to stronger radiation effects during BOMEX than in San Diego. The normalized cospectra between vertical velocity and temperature in San Diego and BOMEX also have different shapes. It is probable that a universal form does not exist for the normalized temperature spectrum or for the normalized cospectrum between vertical velocity and temperature. Directly measured values of the latent and sensible heat fluxes were used to test the validity of the bulk aerodynamic method of predicting the latent and sensible heat fluxes from the mean wind speed and mean air-sea humidity or temperature differences. The limited results from San Diego indicate that the sensible heat flux may probably be predicted from the mean wind speed and the mean air-sea temperature difference in temperate regions. The bulk aerodynamic method was not useful for predicting the sensible heat flux in BOMEX. The observed values for the sensible heat flux were much larger than would be predicted. The latent heat flux could be predicted from the mean wind speed and the mean air-sea absolute humidity difference with a probable error of less than 20%. The validity of the formula developed by Bowen (1926) for predicting the Bowen ratio (sensible heat flux/latent heat flux) was tested with directly measured values of the Bowen ratio. It was found that in San Diego the Bowen ratio could be predicted with a probable error of 15%. The Bowen ratio predicted for BOMEX was too low by a factor of two or more. The ability to predict the Bowen ratio from the ratio of the temperature fluctuations to the humidity fluctuations in the 0.05-0.1 Hz range was investigated. The method predicted the Bowen ratio with a probable error of 15% in San Diego and 20% in BOMEX. / Graduation date: 1971

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rhode Island, 2003. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-130).