Graduation date: 1981

Previous correlations have been established between the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and both the tropical north Atlantic sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and precipitation anomalies in the southeastern and mid-Atlantic states. Both bivariate and partial correlations are used over a five and six-month lag to assess the relevance the tropical Atlantic SSTs have in eastern United States precipitation patterns. Significant correlations between Pacific SSTs and precipitation were found during winter months which agree with previous literature. The relationship with the Atlantic SSTs was less robust, as some significant values were established over three seasons, excluding winter. Only the spring season showed a partial explanation of the Atlantic SST's role in the precipitation's response to Pacific SSTs. These relationships did not occur during the times when significant correlations were made between Pacific SSTs and precipitation. / Department of Geography

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Meteorology, 1979. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Bibliography : leaves 81-83. / by Affonso da Silveira Mascarenhas, Jr. / M.S.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Physical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2010. / Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-174). / The variability in the DWBC, its connection to the forcing in the northern North Atlantic and interaction with the Gulf Stream were explored from a combination of remote sensing and in-situ measurements in the western North Atlantic. Using satellite altimetry and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) we found evidence of the relation between changes in the Gulf Stream path and the variability in the temperature and velocity fields in the Slope Water. This relation was such that southward shifts of the main axis of the Gulf Stream were preceded by cold temperature anomalies and intensification of the southwestward flow. The analysis of 5.5 years of moored CTD and horizontal velocity data in the DWBC at 69 0W recorded during the period 2002-2008, showed that the variability along the DWBC is linked to changes in the dense water formation regions. The evolution of potential vorticity (PV) at the mooring site, characterized by a transition from deep to upper Labrador Sea Water (LSW), was similar to that observed in the Labrador Sea 6 to 9 years earlier, and imply spreading rates for the LSW that varied over time from 1.5 to 2.5cm/s. The time dependence of the spreading rates was in good agreement with changes in the strength of the DWBC at the mooring site. The evolution of the DWBC transport was explored in more detail from a 5- element moored array, also at 69'W. The results, for the period of 2004-2008, were consistent with the single mooring analysis. The variability measured from the array showed that upper, intermediate and deep water mass layers expand and contract at each other's expense, leading to alternating positive and negative PV anomalies at the upper-LSW, deep-LSW and Overflow Water (OW). Larger DWBC transports were associated with enhanced presence of recently ventilated upper-LSW and OW, rather than deep-LSW. The relative contribution of the different water masses to the observed circulation was investigated by inverting individual PV anomalies isolated from the observations. We found that changes in the depth-integrated circulation were mostly driven by changes in the OW. / by Beatriz Peña-Molino. / Ph.D.