The objective of this study was to investigate and analyse the educators’ experience in managing a full-time school within a Correctional Services environment. Provision of education in the South African Department of Correctional Services is in terms of Section 29 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act No.108 of 1996) which stipulates that “everyone has a right (a) to basic education, and (b) to further education, which the state, through reasonable measures, must make progressively available and accessible.” “This constitutional imperative for schooling is not a right that is curtailed by incarceration” (DCS, 2005:137). The researcher used qualitative research inquiry. This is a case study of the educators’ experience in managing a full-time school within a Correctional Services environment. To obtain an in-depth understanding and gain more insight on the research topic, this study focused on one full- time school within the South African Department of Correctional Services. Literature reveals that “correctional centres are bureaucratic institutions that are characterised by a number of factors that can potentially encourage or impede education programme success” (Sanford &Foster, 2006:604). The environment makes learning difficult as there are frequent lockdowns, headcounts and hearings that disrupt the consistency of classes and interrupt the education process (Schirmer, 2008:29). Few learners attend classes and whilst in class they are not really listening, instead, they would be sleeping and unproductive. In most cases, learners would be present because they were forced to be in the education programme (Wright, 2004:198). In this study, the researcher used semi-structured one on one interviews, and document analysis as data collection strategies. Purposeful sampling was utilized to select respondents. A total of six respondents who are full-time educators employed by the Department of Correctional Services were interviewed. The study reveals that managing a full-time school within a Correctional Services environment seems to be challenging because education is not respected and not prioritized. This finding appears to be consistent with literature which reveals that the uniqueness of correctional centre culture with a correctional centre management characterized by a focus on security measures such as lockdowns and head counts constraints the possibilities of learning (Watts, 2010:57). Based on the findings in this study, the researcher recommends that educator development should be prioritized within the Department of Correctional Services and school management should be informed about learners that are released from the correctional centre. This study concludes that managing a full-time school within a Correctional Services environment is challenging due to Correctional Services environment being not conducive for teaching and learning and inadequate resources. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Child pornography offenders (CPOs) are ever present in the criminal justice system, yet the research on this population of offenders is less advanced than in many other areas of corrections (Eke & Seto, 2012; Seto & Eke, 2005). In order to effectively manage CPOs, it is necessary to accurately assess their risk, and, where applicable, provide rehabilitation options targeted toward their criminogenic needs. The current study examined the both the Level of Service Inventory-Ontario Revision (LSI-OR) and a modified version of the Child Pornography Offender Risk Tool (CPORT-M) and their ability to predict child pornography (CP), sexual, violent, and general recidivism with a sample that included CPOs, other sexual offenders (SOs), and non-sexual offenders (NSOs), who are under the responsibility of the province of Ontario. The results from the ROC analyses that examined the LSI-OR with the recidivism variables, for the various groups of offenders, suggested that the LSI-OR has good predictive accuracy for general recidivism for all of the offenders, as well as good predictive accuracy of violent and sexual recidivism with only the SO and NSO groups. Further, it was found that the CPORT-M had good predictive accuracy for general recidivism among the CPOs. It is appropriate to use both the LSI-OR and the CPORT-M to assess risk of general recidivism with CPOs.

Current research indicates a disproportionate number of youth having an emotional disturbance within the juvenile justice system. The purpose of the present study was to examine if recidivism can be predicted in juvenile offenders based on the youths' emotional disturbance score as measured by the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Version 2 (MAYSI-2) and severity of offense at their first physical arrest, as well as their age, gender, ethnicity, and median range of income by zip code (MRoI). Following Agnew's General Strain Theory, it was hypothesized that high scores on the MAYSI-2 scales, in addition to severity of offense and specific demographic variables would predict recidivism.Participants consisted of 863 records of juvenile offenders at a juvenile court detention center in Southern Arizona. The study consisted of 70% males and 30% females, with an age range of 12 to 16 years of age and ethnic breakdown consisting of 51% Hispanics, 36% Caucasians, 9% African Americans, and 4% Native Americans. This secondary data extraction included youths who were physically arrested for the first time during the 2008-year and their recidivism rate through the 2009-year. Results through logistic regression models indicated that two of the four MAYSI-2 scales significantly predicted recidivism. Specifically, youth who scored high versus low on the Alcohol/Drug Use scale had an increased factor of 1.83 times more likely to recidivate. Youth who answered "yes" on all five items on the Traumatic Experiences scale also predicted recidivism, with an increased factor of 4.37 times more likely to recidivate. Severity of offense also predicted recidivism, as well as age and MRoI. Results were also found to be significant within certain ethnic groups but not between the ethnic groups. Implications of these findings, limitations, and areas of future research are also discussed.

The thesis is concerned with theoretical background of participation and the legal regulation of participation in the Czech republic. It also deals with the legal regulation of participation in the Federal Republic of Germany and in the Republic of Austria. There are many problems associated with criminal participation and it is possible solve them in many different ways. However, the proper regulation of participation is important to comply with basic principles of criminal law. The aim of these thesis is to discuss some base approaches to the regulation of participation, to summarize advantages and disadvatages of individual systems and review application of these systems in legislation of selected countries. These thesis is composed of three parts. The first part defines basic terminology and describes two base systems of legal regulation of participation - the dualistic one and the monistic one. The aim of this part is to approximate guiding principles of both systems and advantages and disadvantages of legal application of these systems. The second part concentrates on the Czech legal regulation of participation and discusses its problems. Subdivided into three chapters, this part examines conditions of criminal liability of participants, introduces forms of participation and, finally, chapter...

1 Abstract The thesis is aimed at criminological aspects of drug-related crime. Author has chosen: development and the significant causes of drug-related crime, characteristics of the offenders and crime kontrol as specific aspects to deal with. A special chapter is focused on one specific type of drug - methamphetamin (pervitin). First chapter is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis. Second chapter is focused on develompent of drug-related crime. It specifies the main causes of the crime increase and development of an open drug market. It also contains a statistical analysis and trends. The third chapter deals with drug crime offenders. Author tries to select different points of view to find some typical characteristics of them. He also tries to find some trends (using published criminal career researches) that make them different from other kinds of criminals. The fourth chapter is focused on the actual problems connected with methamphetamin (pervitin). Author explains the main causes that make the Czech republic number one producer of this drug in Europe. He sees a lasting availability of the key precursor - pseudoephedrine as a crucial factor. Together with that author emphasizes a hypothesis that most of the pharmaceutical products (with pseudoephedrine) sold in our country...

v anglickém jazyce This diploma work deals with problems of offenderś personality from the criminological point of view.The first chapter explains primary terms which are necessary for understanding of given matter,here after I introduce the state of crime -rate in the Czech Republic during the period of 2006-2009 and constitution of offenders from the age and sex point of view. In the fifth chapter I introduce one of many offender typologies. After that I concentrated on the criminality of youth,its specification,state and structure.The eighth chapter deals with prevention, its meaning and kinds of preventive measures.

Indirect perpetration The concept of indirect perpetration applies when a deliberate crime is committed through a person which is not liable under criminal law for the act (by so-called "live instrument" or "innocent agent"). Such a person may however be held liable for another offense, but not for a deliberate crime for which she had been used. In order for an activity to be regarded as an indirect perpetration, the direct perpetrator must have a "dual intent": to commit an offense and that the innocent agent be not criminally liable. The legislation provides the following examples of indirect perpetration: use of a person not criminally liable for the lack of age or insanity, a person acting under a mistake or in self-defense, extreme emergency or other circumstances precluding unlawfulness or a person which did not act or did not unlawfully culpably, or a person which did not with a special intention or and intention presumed by the law. Indirect perpetration is in many cases similar to participation in crime (accessority), especially to counseling. The difference between indirect perpetration and participation is that the former involves using a person which is not criminally liable. The similarity between indirect perpetration and participation led some authors to refuse the former concept at...

This thesis is concerned with question of offender's personality from the criminological point of view. In first few chapters I introduce some basic criminological theories and typologies and I tried to put together a general psychological profile of the offender. In the following part of thesis I deal with recidivist offenders, women delinquency and juvenile delinquency. In the last chapter I tried to analyze offenders in the Czech Republic, according to factors of age, gender and nationality, based on data from crime statistics.

Ninety-five percent of all offenders are released, most of whom return to family members who have suffered greatly from their loved one's criminal behavior; yet, research on their victimization and trauma is rare. Additionally, families anticipate a role in the offender's reintegration; however, little research has explored their own recovery and insights on their reintegrative efforts. This qualitative phenomenological study sought to discover a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of 13 offender family members in Texas. Participants were recruited through community organizations and selected through a purposeful sampling strategy to ensure diversity. The data were collected through screening and face-to-face interviews and analyzed through iterative hand coding and thematic development, supported by secondary coding review and participant verification. Concepts explored included victimization within a trauma-informed environment, whereby support systems understand the impact of trauma on individuals and reintegration within a restorative justice model, which aims to restore individual and community trust. Results found that participants voiced consistent themes of victimization, presented effective coping mechanisms and overall continued relationships with friends, family members, and the community. Findings also showed that participants anticipated roles of both emotional and instrumental support and reported an interest in their involvement with a restorative justice option for the offender upon his reentry. The findings draw no definitive conclusions on the degree of family member victimization but do promote social change for developing policies that collaboratively engage family members within the judicial and reentry process to reduce recidivism.

Community notification aims to warn the public when reintegrating sexual offenders represent a significant risk to public safety. However, anxiety and powerlessness are often unintentional side-effects of notification. Fear appeals are persuasive messages that arouse fear of a threat and may include recommended actions for avoiding the threat. This research applied a fear appeal theory, the Extended Parallel Processing Model (EPPM), to community notification web pages. Study 1, a systematic review of existing community notification web pages, informed the development of a traditional web page vignette for Study 2. Study 2 compared the traditional web page format to a high efficacy web page intervention, which comprised educational information on avoiding sexual victimization. The EPPM predicted positive correlations between fear and perceived threat (hypothesis 1), fear and behavioural intentions (hypothesis 2), and perceived efficacy and intentions to adopt victimization prevention behaviours (hypothesis 4) as well as negative correlations between perceived efficacy and maladaptive fear control responses (hypothesis 3). The intervention group was predicted to have higher perceived threat, higher perceived efficacy, be less likely to adopt fear control responses, and more likely to endorse behavioural intentions than the control group (hypothesis 5). Female participants were hypothesized to have higher fear, perceived threat, fear control responses, and behavioural intentions and lower perceived efficacy than male participants (hypothesis 6). The results provide preliminary support for the EPPMs ability to explain reactions to receiving a community notification. Hypotheses 1, 2, and 4 were fully supported and hypothesis 6 was partially supported as females displayed higher fear, perceived threat, and behavioural intentions; however, the intervention was ineffective in producing differences between the intervention and control groups (hypothesis 5). Exploratory regression analyses found gender, education level, previous victimization, parental status, and locus of control were related to the EPPMs variables. Future research should examine the impact of different educational materials and delivery systems (such as interpersonal sources, media, and web-based multi-media) to further examine the application of the EPPM to web-based sexual offender community notification and determine whether it is possible to increase adaptive responses to receiving a community notification by providing educational information.