The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repeated viewings of gymnastics routines on the accuracy of judges' scores. More specifically, the purposes were threefold: firstly, to determine if the accuracy of judges' scores improved with repeated viewings of the same routines; secondly, to determine the number of repeated viewings required to optimally improve the scorers' accuracy; and thirdly, to determine the relationship between the number of viewings established and the participating judges' levels of proficiency. Criterion scores for four selected vault performances and four selected optional uneven parallel bars routines were established by two women's gymnastics judges, one of national and one of international certification. Four treatment conditions were established, each having a different routine shown one, two, three or four times. Eight regional judges and eight national judges were presented with the vault and bars test videotapes; all judges viewed the same treatments but the presentation order was determined by the Latin Square design. The judges recorded their deductions for each vault performance and their values for each of the component part scores for each bars performance. The experimenter tabulated the final scores for each event and calculated the absolute deviations of the experimental scores from their respective criterion scores. The results indicate that scores for vault become more accurate with repeated viewings and that uneven bars scoring, though reasonably accurate after a single viewing, improved in terms of reduced variability after more than one viewing. The increased accuracy in scores implies that repeated viewings reduce the limiting effects of human information processing capacities on judges' scoring accuracy. No significant differences were found between judges of regional and national proficiency levels. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 197-200).

The major purpose of this study was to examine work quality in the avocation of sports officiating, as determined by selected Texas High School Sports Officials. Specifically, the study investigated work quality indicators and the relationship between those indicators and the officials overall perception of the avocation of Texas High School sports officiating. To accomplish this purpose, two different survey methods were used. A convenience sample of 125 sports officials participated in a qualitative questionnaire. Usable data was obtained from 114 officials. Utilizing both the qualitative research and information gathered from relevant literature, a web-based survey was constructed and used to contact selected members of the Texas Association of Sports Officials. A total of 1075 responses were received. The web-based instrument integrated items related to basic demographic information, as outlined by Quinn and Staines, (1979). These items included, but were not limited to the following: gender, age, economic information, marital status, educational background, ethnic background and primary occupation. The instrument also investigated the following indicators of work quality: Vocational and avocational information, work environment, personal health and wellbeing, organizational and administrative support, and organizational commitment and officiating career outcomes. These indicators were further explored through the development of work quality constructs, which related to each indicator. The constructs were further studied as to their relationship with certain demographic information. The results of this study indicate that although there are significant work quality issues as they relate to sports officiating, the majority of the constructs studied showed little negative impact on the sports officials’ perception of the work quality of the officiating avocation.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-71). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-71). Also available on the Internet.

Yes / Officiating in football depends, at least to some extent, upon adequate visual function. However, there is no vision standard for football officiating and the nature of the relationship between officiating performance and level of vision is unknown. As a first step in characterising this relationship, we report on the clinically-measured vision and on the perceived level of vision in elite-level, Portuguese football officials. Seventy-one referees (R) and assistant referees (AR) participated in the study, representing 92% of the total population of elite level football officials in Portugal in the 2013/2014 season. Nine of the 22 Rs (40.9%) and ten of the 49 ARs (20.4%) were international-level. Information about visual history was also gathered. Perceived vision was assessed using the preference-values-assigned-to-global-visual-status (PVVS) and the Quality-of-Vision (QoV) questionnaire. Standard clinical vision measures (including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and stereopsis) were gathered in a subset (n = 44, 62%) of the participants. Data were analysed according to the type (R/AR) and level (international/national) of official, and Bonferroni corrections were applied to reduce the risk of type I errors. Adopting criterion for statistical significance of p<0.01, PVVS scores did not differ between R and AR (p = 0.88), or between national- and international-level officials (p = 0.66). Similarly, QoV scores did not differ between R and AR in frequency (p = 0.50), severity (p = 0.71) or bothersomeness (p = 0.81) of symptoms, or between international-level vs national-level officials for frequency (p = 0.03) or bothersomeness (p = 0.07) of symptoms. However, international-level officials reported less severe symptoms than their national-level counterparts (p<0.01). Overall, 18.3% of officials had either never had an eye examination or if they had, it was more than 3 years previously. Regarding refractive correction, 4.2% had undergone refractive surgery and 23.9% wear contact lenses when officiating. Clinical vision measures in the football officials were similar to published normative values for young, adult populations and similar between R and AR. Clinically-measured vision did not differ according to officiating level. Visual acuity measured with and without a pinhole disc indicated that around one quarter of participants may be capable of better vision when officiating, as evidenced by better acuity (≥1 line of letters) using the pinhole. Amongst the clinical visual tests we used, we did not find evidence for above-average performance in elite-level football officials. Although the impact of uncorrected mild to moderate refractive error upon officiating performance is unknown, with a greater uptake of eye examinations, visual acuity may be improved in around a quarter of officials. / Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) in the framework of the Strategic Funding UID/FIS/04650/2013.

Thesis (M. A.)--Brock University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Officiating women's volleyball. / Typescript. / "August, 1956." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Advisor: Grace I. Fox, Professor Directing Study. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-47).

The objectives of this study was to obtain data on five aspects of officials qualification practices presently used in Utah and to make some justifiable conclusion. 1. Qualification Data requested. a. Physical Qualification b. Mental Qualification c. Previous Experience as an Official and Player d. Other Related Athletic Experience e. Basketball Officiating and some existing Problems The survey compiled was sent to all head coaches of class "A" high schools, in Utah, which included 40 coaches in all, and to 60 class "A" high school officials of Regions 1, 2, and 4. The officials were chosen at random from the Utah High School Activities Association certified officiating bulletin issued yearly. From the Analysis of the Data the following conclusions were made: (a) Coaches and officials need to recognize what qualifications are presently used and what has to be done to improve these practices. (b) Physical qualifications as a requirement is only an assumption, not a must. (c) The knowledge that one must receive to make him mentally alert appears to be strong in some areas of the state, while in others it only involves reading the rule book and passing the written test. (d) All the athletic experience that one obtains prior to becoming an official, does have the sanction of all offiicials and coaches , for without it a person who wants to become an official can only hope for limited work, or assignments. (e) Any athletic sports activity that a person is associated with has many carryover advantages in the overall performance of an official. (f) Officiating problems as expressed by the data received are extensive . A few examples of the problems are listed below: 1. Crowd reaction 2. Coach reaction 3. Judgment and consistency , etc

This thesis has analyzed the roles of meet personnel responsible for the conduct of a collegiate style wrestling tournament. The personnel considered were the meet director, matchmaker, announcer, head scorer, assistant to the head scorer, individual statistics recorder, timekeeper, assistant timekeeper, match scorer, assistant match scorer, referee, head referee, and judge.The data were gathered through library research and collated into job descriptions. An analysis of the official rules of collegiate wrestling provided the edited rules section for each of the meet personnel.The findings of the study were presented in handbook form with each section providing a separate job description. The job descriptions were further organized into six areas of personnel function. The qualifications, location, assistants, equipment, duties, and governing rules of each official were reported.