Orientador: Fernando Sarti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T22:48:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ruas_JoseAugustoGaspar_D.pdf: 4470321 bytes, checksum: c691e9c4afc9d211f35e0952db4c6dc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A descoberta de petróleo na camada Pré-Sal brasileira trouxe novos desafios para o país, tanto em âmbito macroeconômico, quanto microeconômico e energético/ambiental. Estes desafios, por sua vez, conduzem a uma necessária reorganização de instituições e políticas para o desenvolvimento econômico nacional. No âmbito microeconômico, a compreensão dos determinantes da dinâmica de concorrência na indústria parapetrolífera é um dos elementos indispensáveis para construção de políticas de desenvolvimento industrial. Esta tese apresenta como a coevolução das trajetórias tecnológicas e de acumulação de capitais condicionam as dinâmicas de concorrência nos diversos e heterogêneos segmentos da indústria parapetrolífera. A análise destas trajetórias e de suas características aponta para a dinâmica de investimentos na indústria petrolífera e para as políticas de Estado como determinantes fundamentais em sua constituição. Estes fatores também determinam, em conjunto com as estratégias de empresas parapetrolíferas, o perfil da inserção setorial dos agentes líderes e a composição regional da produção desta indústria. Por sua vez, o perfil desta inserção, da formação dos grandes players, guarda relação direta com sua capacidade de acumular e participar ativamente nas redes de aprendizado e de constituição de projetos dominantes em cada segmento. A partir destes pontos de vista esta tese analisa a indústria de equipamentos subsea, um dos segmentos de maior destaque na indústria parapetrolífera brasileira, seja pelo elevado volume de encomendas no país, seja pela participação nacional no desenvolvimento tecnológico do setor. Em âmbito mundial, a emergência desta indústria está relacionada à evolução histórica e investimentos da indústria petrolífera offshore. Esta evolução conduz à formação redes para desenvolvimento de produtos e serviços, ao progressivo crescimento das possibilidades de acumulação nestes mercados e, especialmente nas últimas décadas, à internacionalização produtiva destes agentes. Este movimento condiciona um processo de concentração setorial, seja através de investimentos greenfield, seja através de fusões e aquisições, que progressivamente promove redução das possibilidades de entrada de novos players e condiciona as estratégias de desenvolvimento local. O Brasil, que esteve diretamente associado ao desenvolvimento histórico desta indústria, mesmo tendo atuação decisiva na formação dos projetos dominantes, grande volume de encomendas e capacidade produtiva construída desde a década de 1980, perde espaço na estrutura patrimonial no último ciclo da indústria. Ao contrário de outros países, não houve uma política de formação de grandes grupos nacionais no setor, permitindo uma atuação mais ativa na dinâmica de concorrência global recente. Essas características de sua formação histórica explicam as potencialidades e limitações deste conjunto de segmentos industriais para os próximos anos e indicam os quais os desafios para uma nova estratégia no setor / Abstract: The discovery of Brazilian's Pre-Salt brought up challenges to deal with forthcoming macroeconomic, microeconomic and environment/energetic new contexts. These challenges, on their turn, leads to necessary reorganizations of institutions and national development policies. At the microeconomic level, the understanding of oil supply industry competitive dynamics is a vital element in building new industry development policies. This thesis shows how the coevolution of technological and capital accumulation paths affects the competitive dynamics of numerous and heterogeneous oil supply industry segments. The analysis of those pathways and their features indicate oil industry investment and state policies as their vital determinants. These factors also determine, together with oil supply companies strategies, the leading supplier positioning and regional composition of industry production. On the other hand, firm positioning and the development of leading suppliers are related with their ability to accumulate capital and to become actively involved in learning networks and dominant design product development. The subsea equipment industry, a distinguished segment of Brazilian oil supply industry, is studied here based on this set of working premises. First of all, worldwide, the emergence of this industry can be related to the offshore oil industry investment history. This investment evolution explains equipment and services research and development networks emergence, possibilities of capital accumulation on those market segments and, especially in the past decade, to internationalization of companies and their production. These movements, on their turn, determines a process of sectorial concentration, carried out through greenfield investments, mergers and acquisitions. Finally, as a result of this concentration, higher entry barriers to newcomers and restricted scope of national policy instruments characterize current subsea biggest segments. Historically, Brazilian subsea industry played a great role in equipment and subsea operation technology development, and also had a large proportion of world market since 1980?s. Despite these features, Brazilian companies couldn?t play similar role in the last years. Unlike other pioneer countries, Brazil have not promoted its indigenous companies consolidation, especially during 1990?s and 2000?s industry internationalization process. This absence favored foreign groups, which enlarged their investment in Brazil since mid nineties. This process increased national production capacity and sectorial efficiency, but reduced national companies share in large segments. These features explains current Brazilian subsea industry strengths and weakness, and indicates which challenges need to be addressed in a Pre-Salt new sectorial strategy / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND DEWEY. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Dongwei Chen. / M.S.

This thesis aims to investigate how SRB endure long periods of nutrient deprivation in the oligotrophic conditions of the North Sea. The presence of small cells in the marine environment has been extensively documented. These small cells are termed ultramicrobacteria, and are defined as being less than 0.3 μm in diameter. The formation of small cells by SRB was postulated to facilitate penetration of SRB deep within oil reservoirs, during water injection, exacerbating SRB associated problems. These studies revealed that a maximum of 15% of starving SRB populations formed UMB. Cultures starved for up to 6 years did not demonstrate an increase in UMB formation. Cell size studies revealed that SRB demonstrated a maximum 62% cell size decrease during starvation. Total cell counts revealed a constant cell number throughout starvation studies indicating a decrease in cell size by cell dwarfing. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a decrease in cellular content during starvation. This is consistent with a decrease in cell diameter during starvation. There was no difference in cell size decrease when cells were starved in the presence or absence of sulphate. There appeared, however, to be enhanced recoverability of cells starved in the presence of sulphate. SRB were demonstrated to be able to withstand simultaneous periods of sulphate and carbon starvation. This may have serious consequences for the oil industry as sulphate is often limiting in oil reservoirs. This evidence suggests that SRB could endure such conditions and recover when sulphate becomes available. SRB appear to enter a dormant phase shortly after the onset of starvation. Metabolic studies indicated that the entry into starvation was characterised by an initial increase in metabolic activity followed by a sharp decrease in metabolic activity to negligible levels. Metabolic activity could be re-initiated following inoculation into fresh growth medium.

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to construct a macroeconometric model for the Saudi Arabian economy in order to assess the effects of external shocks through such variables as the price of (oil) exports, real (oil) exports, and the price of imports. This model follows the methodology of the aggregate demand and supply. Due to the absence of interest rates, the formulation of the aggregate demand, following the monetary approach to the income determination, is done by combining the equations from the monetary sector in addition to the government and foreign sectors of the economy. The aggregate supply side of the economy is formulated by combining the equations from the oil and non-oil production sectors. The model determines the behaviours of such important endogenous variables as the real absorptive capacity, real oil and non-oil GDP, real imports, velocity of money, money supply, balance of payments, government oil and non-oil revenues, government expenditure, government deficit, and non-oil GDP and general price inflation rates. The estimated model satisfactorily simulates the reality of the economy for the estimation period of 1971-1994. This, therefore, justifies the use of the model for both multiplier and scenario analyses. The multiplier analysis evaluates the cffects of a 10% change in the price of (oil) exports, real (oil) exports, and the price of imports on the endogenous variables. The scenario analysis, however, examines the behaviours of the endogenous variables for 1999-2005 based on several scenarios on the price of (oil) exports, real (oil) exports, and the price of imports. Concentrating on three sets of scenarios corresponding to low, moderate, and high level of oil prices, our study concludes that a sound economy into the next century requires more aggressive privatisation policies. That is, the government policies should drastically limit the government expenditure and, instead, encourage the private sector to invest and participate more aggressively in the economic development projects.

In focusing on the influences of culture on urban regeneration, this research has attempted to show a broad perspective that looks beyond existing short-term urban policies. The history of Masjid-i-Soleyman, an Iranian oil-based economy city, which has passed its rich-oil days and is now suffering major social and economic problems, is used in this research as a suitable ground for a wider investigation into human capacity and urban life. Reviewing the dominant approaches in both theory and practice showed that the analysis of urban problems had two main gaps. First, current urban studies and initiatives have mostly focused on economic urban outcomes and improving standards of living rather than on quality of life and considering the moral and cultural values as a goal and also a driving force for sustainable development. The second gap was the lack of attention given to a competent role to people in producing plans and decision making, as in giving them a real voice and a way of contributing to an improvement in their quality of life. The whole structure of the study has been based upon a premise that solutions to mounting urban problems are incomplete and ineffective without a consideration of cultural and traditional values beneath the surface of the contemporary city. The "human capacity building" approach has been developed in this theses to emphasise that a unifying culture, in many societies, as in the case study area, acts as a human capital, can generate social mobilisation and cause environmental changes. "People " are at the centre of this concept. In the model of "the city as culture" we develop this idea in the context of the city, emphasising the role of people's culture in urban life, and underpinning the key elements (family, community, education, work and communication). Considering such a conceptual foundation, we re-consider the evolution of MIS and the existing problem. This showed that the socio-cultural changes in the citizens of MIS, during 50 years of domination by foreigners over their lives, dramatically decreased both the human capability and social mobilisation of the society. The people who had previously built their environment had been changed in a way which allowed the environment to build their lives. And the people with unified cultural values, social unity and strong social relations had been changed into individuals who sought their own preferences and maximised their own benefits. So, it has been emphasised that the decline of MIS had started many years before the exhaustion of oil; i.e., the decline had begun when the oil industry started to grow. Finally, with concentrating on "knowledge", "social relations" and "motivations" as the key elements which increase "social mobilisation" in the society, the research suggests a strategic policy approach to achieve quality of life and urban regeneration in MIS. This leads us to consider that economic regeneration alone will not bring prosperity to MIS, and similar cities; and sustainable development cannot be summarised in economic growth. Much greater attention must be paid to investing in human capital as an effective strategy for long-term socio-economic regeneration. Cultural factors such as traditions and social relations and family relationship must also be considered seriously. Such strategies should re-consider individuals, groups and communities, and be capable of providing an adequate sphere for people in order to enable them to feel confidence and self-esteem to be involved in building their future effectively, as active agencies rather than victims of the development and change.

Thesis (M.S.)--Western Washington University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-133). Also issued online.

Diss. Linköping : Univ., 2002.