Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-91).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 38-44).

Thesis (Dr. rer. nat.)--Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-138).

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

The rise in global energy demand has motivated the exploration and production of oil and gas in increasingly challenging marine environments and there is a continuous risk of accidental oil spills. One of the many fates of spilled oil is deposition on the seabed, which has been extensively studied following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. However, post-depositional fates of oil in sediments are not well understood. Similarly, the effects of chemical dispersant on oil fate are currently under investigation as their overall contribution to mitigating oil spills environmental impacts remains debated. This project aimed to evaluate the potential for spilled oil to entrain marine sediments and the effects dispersant application had on the process under three transport regimes; (1) post-depositional transport via oil-sediment aggregate deposition in deep-sea sediments, (2) percolative transport in intertidal sands and (3) advective pore-water transport in intertidal and subtidal sands. Investigations into the sorption dynamics of two polyaromatic hydrocarbons in sediment-dispersantseawater systems were also undertaken to evaluate the influence of dispersant application on sorption of hydrocarbons to sediments. Finally, the effects of oil exposure at in situ conditions of pressure and temperature on sediment bacterial community composition were investigated. Oil transport experiments revealed that the tested regimes resulted in significant entrainment of hydrocarbons in marine sediments. Dispersant application resulted in enhanced oil entrainment into sands but not in silts and this effect depended on the water-solubility of hydrocarbons. Watersoluble components were less affected by dispersant than less water-soluble ones. Investigations into sediment bacterial responses to oil exposure at in situ conditions of pressure and temperature revealed a significant effect of both variables on diversity and community composition, highlighting the importance of conducting deep-sea microbial studies at conditions as close to in situ as possible.

Thesis (DR. P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Thesis (DR. P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Throughout the development of the International Law of the Sea there has been a conflict between the notion of the freedom of the seas and their rights that a coastal state may exercise over the seas adjacent to its territory. This conflict stems from the · coastal state wanting to exploit the resources in the seas as opposed to non-coastal states and other states wanting to exercise the traditional rights, such as the freedom of navigation and fishing, that they enjoyed under the freedom of the seas doctrine. It thus developed that coastal states have certain rights within specified areas of their coasts. These rights extend from complete sovereignty within the internal waters of the state (with the exception that a coastal state cannot refuse entry to a ship in distress) to the exclusive right to exploit minerals found on the continental shelf of the coastal state1 and to exploit the resources in their exclusive economic zone. However, except in regard to internal waters, the other users of the seas still retain some of the rights available to them under the freedom of the seas doctrine, the most important of which is the freedom of navigation. This freedom is not absolute, but it is limited to (innocent passage in the territorial waters, nd it allows vessels not registered in the coastal state to sail within areas that the coastal state and its citizens have rights in. - The question that arises is what is the position if a vessel, not registered in the coastal state, infringes on the rights of the state. In traditional International Law of the Sea the right of recourse lay in the flag state of the vessel and if the flag state did not take any action then the coastal state could not e any punitive measures against the vessel as it did not have jurisdiction over the vessel or her master. It thus developed, alongside the development of the coastal state's rights in regard to the different maritime zones, that specific enforcement jurisdiction was given to the states to preserve the rights that they exercised over those zones.

Thesis. 1978. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Ocean Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Diane B. Greene. / M.S.

Thesis (M.M.S.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2001. / Bibliography: leaves 94-101. Also available online.