Six general hypotheses guided the development of the study: The older person experiences progressive disengagement from society resulting in feelings of isolation, depression, frustration, and despair; the aging person is dissatisfied with the degree of this process of social disengagement; the aging person gains satisfaction by participating in activities which lead to individual growth and/or benefit to others; the aging person lacks capacity and/or desire to participate in many activities or to continue the full-time roles of parent, job holder, and citizen; the aging person would like to choose his activities according to his desires and needs; and the aging person will more likely participate in activities if he is able to obtain adequate health care and has financial security. Descriptive and statistical inferential tests were used to analyze the data. A relatively small percentage of possible disengagement in the recreational, occupational, and family life areas occurred during the individual's life span from age 40 to age 70. The percentage of possible disengagement in these areas increased dramatically in the life span from age 70. Most of the respondents rejected loneliness and depression and felt in good spirits most of the time. A tendency toward less and less contact with others was seen. Statistically significant differences were found between activities which were presently enjoyed which were basically individual and passive in nature; and activities respondents would plan for themselves, which were of a significantly more social nature involving them in rewarding activity with others. Statistically significant differences were found between interest in the activity program available at Northwest Tower, basically recreation and entertainment; and the activities respondents would include in their program, mainly designed for self-enhancement or benefit to others. Statistically significant differences were also found between the number of activities available and the smaller number desired. The findings suggested that the preponderance of the respondents desired to withdraw from major responsibilities outside their household. Of those who desired responsibilities such as occupation, family or civic, they were prevented from assuming them most of the time because of their increasing age, deteriorating health, and lack of money. These were also the main factors operant in restricting their activity and preventing them from enjoying satisfactory ways of living. The majority of opinions as to society's responsibility to the aging suggested that intervention was necessary to provide financial security, health care, and better and cheaper methods of transportation. The findings of the study suggested the importance of more intensive research in planning programs directly related to meeting the individual needs of elderly people.

Diabetic patients are prone to complications and need foot care education. The purposes of this study were to (1) examine the effectiveness of instruction on knowledge of foot care in diabetics, and practice of foot care in diabetics, and (2) examine the relationship between health promoting behaviors and foot care practices. The theoretical framework for this study was Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model. The sample for the study consisted of 69 individuals, ages 18 and older with diabetes mellitus (Type I or Type II).Control and experimental groups completed a demographic sheet and Pender's Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile. The control group received the traditional intervention of a written handout (Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and a packet including an emery board, moisturizing lotion, and a hand-held mirror. The experimental group received a specialized nursing intervention of one-on-one instruction along with a written handout, and a packet including an emery board, moisturizing lotion, and a handheld mirror. Both groups were informed of a $10.00 stipend obtainable and paid by the researcher, for those who completed the study. Two weeks following the office visit, both groups received by mail: a follow-up letter, post-tests on knowledge (Knowledge Questionnaire) and practice (Practice Profile), and a stamped return envelope.There was a significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in knowledge of foot care. There was no significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in practices of foot care. There was a significant, positive correlation (r=.306, p=.012) between the practices of health promoting behaviors and foot care practices. Also, educational level was positively correlated (r=.432, p=.001) with knowledge of foot care.Several studies have been done on diabetic foot care instruction but few have been done to compare different methods of instruction with foot care knowledge and practice. One-on-one education provides an opportunity for the learner to play an active role in the discussion of alternative methods of foot care while allowing for immediate feedback from the nurse educator. Packets that include a well-written instruction sheet and foot care items for patient use can be helpful when educating patients about foot care. / School of Physical Education

張鳳愛. / 論文(社會工作碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院社會工作學部, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves 113-121. / Zhang Feng'ai. / 鳴謝 --- p.i / 論文提要 --- p.iii / 目錄 --- p.v / 表目錄 --- p.vii / 緖論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 文獻探討 --- p.6 / Chapter 第一節 --- 生活滿足感 --- p.6 / Chapter 一、 --- 生活滿足感的定義 --- p.6 / Chapter 二、 --- 生活滿足感的因素 --- p.9 / Chapter 第二節 --- 閒暇 / Chapter 一、 --- 閒暇的定義 --- p.18 / Chapter 二、 --- 閒暇對老人的重要 --- p.21 / Chapter 三、 --- 閒暇活動參與與老人生活滿足感的關係 --- p.27 / Chapter 第三節 --- 健康 --- p.36 / Chapter 一、 --- 健康的定義 --- p.36 / Chapter 二、 --- 健康與老人生活滿足感的關係 --- p.39 / Chapter 第四節 --- 健康及閒暇活動與老人生活滿足感的關係 --- p.42 / Chapter 一、 --- 撤離理論 --- p.43 / Chapter 二、 --- 活躍理論 --- p.46 / Chapter 第二章 --- 理論架構 --- p.51 / 以活躍理論爲基礎探求健康及閒暇活動參與 與生活滿足感之關係 / Chapter 第三章 --- 硏究方法 --- p.58 / Chapter 第一節 --- 操作性定義 --- p.58 / Chapter 一、 --- 生活滿足感 --- p.58 / Chapter 二、 --- 健康 --- p.58 / Chapter 三、 --- 閒暇活動 --- p.60 / Chapter 四、 --- 閒暇活動參與 --- p.60 / Chapter 第二節 --- 研究問題 --- p.61 / Chapter 第三節 --- 研究對象及抽樣範疇 --- p.61 / Chapter 第四節 --- 資料搜集程序 --- p.63 / Chapter 第五節 --- 硏究工具 --- p.65 / Chapter 一、 --- 生活滿足感指標簡表 --- p.66 / Chapter 二、 --- 閒暇參與量表 --- p.66 / Chapter 三、 --- 健康量表 --- p.66 / Chapter 第四章 --- 硏究結果與討論 --- p.68 / Chapter 第一節 --- 資料分析與討論 --- p.68 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究結果摘要 --- p.82 / 附表樣本所得的資料分析表 --- p.86 / Chapter 第五章 --- 建議及限制 --- p.97 / 結論 --- p.109 / 註釋 --- p.112 / 參考書目 --- p.113 / 附錄問卷：老人生活滿足感與健康及閒暇活動參與之關係 --- p.122

駱炳平. / 論文(社會工作碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院社會工作學部, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves 86-93. / Luo Bingping. / 致謝 --- p.I / 論文摘要 --- p.II / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 硏究動機 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究目的 --- p.4 / Chapter 第二章 --- 相關文獻探討 --- p.5 / Chapter 第一節 --- 老年人的意義 --- p.5 / Chapter 第二節 --- 老人中心服務 --- p.9 / Chapter 第三節 --- 休閒的意義及功能 --- p.10 / Chapter 第四節 --- 休閒活動對老年人之重要性-活動理論 --- p.15 / Chapter 第五節 --- 老年人參與休閒活動的類型 --- p.18 / Chapter 第六節 --- 生活質素的意義 --- p.20 / Chapter 第三章 --- 理論架構 --- p.24 / Chapter 第一節 --- 理論模式 --- p.24 / Chapter 第三節 --- 基本假設 --- p.26 / Chapter 第三節 --- 硏究變項之名詞操作性定義 --- p.27 / Chapter 第四章 --- 硏究方法 --- p.29 / Chapter 第一節 --- 調查設計 --- p.29 / Chapter 第二節 --- 抽樣方法 --- p.29 / Chapter 第三節 --- 調查工具 --- p.31 / Chapter 第四節 --- 統計分析 --- p.37 / Chapter 第五章 --- 調查結果 --- p.39 / Chapter 第一節 --- 個人資料、休閒活動參與、休閒活動滿足感 及生活質素的情況 --- p.39 / Chapter 第二節 --- 個人變項與休閒活動參與及生活質素關係 --- p.59 / Chapter 第三節 --- 硏究假設的檢定 --- p.70 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結論、檢討及建議 --- p.77 / Chapter 第一節 --- 結論 --- p.77 / Chapter 第二節 --- 檢討 --- p.80 / Chapter 第三節 --- 建議 --- p.81 / Chapter 第七章 --- 社會工作實務的應用 --- p.83 / 參考書目 --- p.86 / 〔附錄一〕老年人休閒活動及生活質素調查問卷 --- p.94 / 〔附錄二〕休閒活動滿足感尺度 --- p.102 / 〔附錄三〕生活滿足感指數A --- p.105 / 〔附錄四〕情感平衡尺度 --- p.107 / 〔附錄五〕費城老人病學生活衝勁尺度 --- p.108