The snake genus Oligodon, known for its egg-eating feeding behaviour, is a taxonomically and systematically challenging group from South and Southeast Asia. This work provides the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, and includes a checklist and key to the species. I use approximately 1900 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA sequence data to infer the relationships of these snakes, and I examine congruence between the molecular phylogeny and hemipenial characters. A hypothesis for the position of Oligodon within the Colubridae is also proposed. I discuss the implications of the phylogeny for previous taxonomic groupings, and consider the usefulness of the trees in analysis of behaviour and biogeography.

The snake genus Oligodon, known for its egg-eating feeding behaviour, is a taxonomically and systematically challenging group from South and Southeast Asia. This work provides the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, and includes a checklist and key to the species. I use approximately 1900 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA sequence data to infer the relationships of these snakes, and I examine congruence between the molecular phylogeny and hemipenial characters. A hypothesis for the position of Oligodon within the Colubridae is also proposed. I discuss the implications of the phylogeny for previous taxonomic groupings, and consider the usefulness of the trees in analysis of behaviour and biogeography.