Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-82). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-82). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2002. / Includes bibliography.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-07-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:50:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tortola_l_me_jabo.pdf: 311154 bytes, checksum: 539dc72b4296de7a2e76326a8c6c377d (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Farelo de soja (FS) foi avaliado como substituto protéico da farinha de vísceras de frango (FVF) em rações extrusadas para cães, bem como a ação de enzimas exógenas sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, formação de produtos de fermentação intestinal, composição da microbiota das fezes e resposta pós-prandiais de ureia. Duas formulações isonutritivas foram usadas em dois ensaios: FVF (28,9% de FVF, casca de soja como fonte de fibra) e dieta a base de FS (29,9% de FS). No experimento A, a dieta FS foi desdobrada em três dietas: FS-0, sem adição de enzimas; FS-1, 7.500U/kg de protease e 45U/kg de celulase; FS-2, 15.000U/kg de protease e 90U/kg de celulase, ambas adicionadas por cobertura após a extrusão. No experimento B, a dieta FS foi desdobrada em três dietas: FS-0, FS-1,140U/kg de protease, 8U/kg de celulase, 800U/kg de pectinase, 60U/kg de fitase, 40U/kg de betaglucanase e 20U/kg de xilanase; FS-2, 700U/kg de protease, 40U/kg de celulase, 4000U/kg de pectinase, 300U/kg de fitase, 200U/kg de betaglucanase e 100U/kg de xilanase, ambas adicionadas por cobertura após a extrusão. Cada experimento seguiu um delineamento em blocos com dois blocos de 12 cães beagle sadios e seis cães por dieta. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadoas por contrastes ortogonais e polinomiais (p<0,05). Em ambos os experimentos, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e a energia metabolizável não diferiram entre as dietas (p>0,05). O uso de FS resultou em aumento da umidade fecal e da produção fecal (p<0,05). Altas concentrações de acetato, propionato e lactato e menor quantidade de amônia foram encontrados nas fezes de cães alimentados com FS (p<0,05). No experimento B, a adição de enzimas aumentou a concentração fecal de acetato, propionato e AGCC totais (p<0,05)... / Soybean meal (SBM) was evaluated as a protein substitute of poultry byproduct meal (PM) in extruded dog foods, as well the effects of exogenous enzymes supplementation on nutrient digestibility, fermentation end products formation, fecal microbiota composition and postprandial urea response. Two kibble isonutritive diets were used in two trials: PM based diet (28,9% of PM; soybean hulls as a fiber source); SBM based diet (29,9% of SBM). On experiment 1, the SBM diet was unfolded into three diets: SBM-0, without enzyme addition; SBM-1, covered after extrusion with 7,500Uprotease/kg and 45Ucelulase/kg; SBM-2, covered with 15,000Uprotease/kg and 90Ucelulase/kg. On experiment 2, the SBM diet was unfolded into three diets: SBM-0; SBM-1, covered with 140Uprotease/kg; 8Ucellulase/kg, 800Upectinase/kg, 60Uphytase/kg, 40Ubetaglucanase/kg and 20Uxylanase/kg; SMB-2, covered with 700Uprotease/kg, 40Ucellulase/kg, 4000Upectinase/kg, 300Uphytase/kg, 200U betaglucanase/kg and 100Uxylanase/kg. Each experiment followed a block design with two blocks of 12 health beagles, and 6 dogs per diet. Data was submitted to analysis of variance and means compared by orthogonal and polynomial contrasts (P<0.05). In both experiments, digestibility of nutrients and metabolizable energy did not differ between diets (P>0.05). The use of SBM resulted in increased faecal moisture and faecal production (P<0.05). High concentration of propionate, acetate and lactate, and lower amounts of ammonia were found in the feces of dogs fed SBM (P<0.05). In experiment 2 the addition of enzymes increased fecal concentration of propionate, acetate and total SCFA (P<0.05). Postprandial urea pick response and area under the curve were higher for dogs fed SBM diets (P<0.05). Soybean meal resulted in low faecal concentrations of total aerobes and total anaerobes (P<0.05) ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi / Banca: João Martins Pizauro Júnior / Banca: Ricardo Souza Vasconcellos / Resumo: Farelo de soja (FS) foi avaliado como substituto protéico da farinha de vísceras de frango (FVF) em rações extrusadas para cães, bem como a ação de enzimas exógenas sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, formação de produtos de fermentação intestinal, composição da microbiota das fezes e resposta pós-prandiais de ureia. Duas formulações isonutritivas foram usadas em dois ensaios: FVF (28,9% de FVF, casca de soja como fonte de fibra) e dieta a base de FS (29,9% de FS). No experimento A, a dieta FS foi desdobrada em três dietas: FS-0, sem adição de enzimas; FS-1, 7.500U/kg de protease e 45U/kg de celulase; FS-2, 15.000U/kg de protease e 90U/kg de celulase, ambas adicionadas por cobertura após a extrusão. No experimento B, a dieta FS foi desdobrada em três dietas: FS-0, FS-1,140U/kg de protease, 8U/kg de celulase, 800U/kg de pectinase, 60U/kg de fitase, 40U/kg de betaglucanase e 20U/kg de xilanase; FS-2, 700U/kg de protease, 40U/kg de celulase, 4000U/kg de pectinase, 300U/kg de fitase, 200U/kg de betaglucanase e 100U/kg de xilanase, ambas adicionadas por cobertura após a extrusão. Cada experimento seguiu um delineamento em blocos com dois blocos de 12 cães beagle sadios e seis cães por dieta. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadoas por contrastes ortogonais e polinomiais (p<0,05). Em ambos os experimentos, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e a energia metabolizável não diferiram entre as dietas (p>0,05). O uso de FS resultou em aumento da umidade fecal e da produção fecal (p<0,05). Altas concentrações de acetato, propionato e lactato e menor quantidade de amônia foram encontrados nas fezes de cães alimentados com FS (p<0,05). No experimento B, a adição de enzimas aumentou a concentração fecal de acetato, propionato e AGCC totais (p<0,05) ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Soybean meal (SBM) was evaluated as a protein substitute of poultry byproduct meal (PM) in extruded dog foods, as well the effects of exogenous enzymes supplementation on nutrient digestibility, fermentation end products formation, fecal microbiota composition and postprandial urea response. Two kibble isonutritive diets were used in two trials: PM based diet (28,9% of PM; soybean hulls as a fiber source); SBM based diet (29,9% of SBM). On experiment 1, the SBM diet was unfolded into three diets: SBM-0, without enzyme addition; SBM-1, covered after extrusion with 7,500Uprotease/kg and 45Ucelulase/kg; SBM-2, covered with 15,000Uprotease/kg and 90Ucelulase/kg. On experiment 2, the SBM diet was unfolded into three diets: SBM-0; SBM-1, covered with 140Uprotease/kg; 8Ucellulase/kg, 800Upectinase/kg, 60Uphytase/kg, 40Ubetaglucanase/kg and 20Uxylanase/kg; SMB-2, covered with 700Uprotease/kg, 40Ucellulase/kg, 4000Upectinase/kg, 300Uphytase/kg, 200U betaglucanase/kg and 100Uxylanase/kg. Each experiment followed a block design with two blocks of 12 health beagles, and 6 dogs per diet. Data was submitted to analysis of variance and means compared by orthogonal and polynomial contrasts (P<0.05). In both experiments, digestibility of nutrients and metabolizable energy did not differ between diets (P>0.05). The use of SBM resulted in increased faecal moisture and faecal production (P<0.05). High concentration of propionate, acetate and lactate, and lower amounts of ammonia were found in the feces of dogs fed SBM (P<0.05). In experiment 2 the addition of enzymes increased fecal concentration of propionate, acetate and total SCFA (P<0.05). Postprandial urea pick response and area under the curve were higher for dogs fed SBM diets (P<0.05). Soybean meal resulted in low faecal concentrations of total aerobes and total anaerobes (P<0.05) ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Sugar complexes with anions and cations are reviewed. Evidence is presented for the formation of a complex of stoichiometry 1:1 in aqueous solution between methyl-α-Dglucopyranoside and magnesium perchlorate. The complex may be detected by the method of continuous variations. Measurements of changes in the proton chemical shifts of the glucoside in dauterium oxide, indicate that the complex is probably formed between the vicinal hydroxyl groups at C-2 and C-3 of the pyranoside ring and the hydrated cation. At elevation temperatures there is evidence for the presence of a complex of stoichiometry 2:1. Experiments conducted on cellulose indicate the possible formation of cellulose - magnesium-ion complexes . These complexes provide an explanation for the "protective action" of mEgnesium compounds on the cellulose portion of pulp during alkali-oxygen bleaching.

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La glycochimie est un domaine qui prend de plus en plus d'expansion en chimie bioorganique et médicinale. Les glucides, étant la classe de biomolécules la plus répandue, sont des composants de plusieurs molécules bioactives naturelles et synthétiques. Ils présentent notamment un intérêt dans l'industrie pharmaceutique, puisqu'ils peuvent améliorer différentes propriétés pharmacocinétiques de certains composés. À ce jour, plus de 170 médicaments approuvés par les différentes organisations de la santé possèdent une unité glucidique dans leur structure. Ces molécules actives biologiquement ont une grande variété d'applications comme agents thérapeutiques : elles peuvent notamment être utilisées comme antibiotique ou encore comme médicament contre plusieurs types de cancers. Parmi ceux-ci, l'étoposide est un dérivé glycosylé semi-synthétique de la podophyllotoxine, un composé naturel isolé des espèces Podophyllum, et est employé pour le traitement de divers cancers. L'utilisation de ces deux molécules comme agents thérapeutiques est compromise par différents facteurs comme leur toxicité, les effets secondaires engendrés et leur faible solubilité dans l'eau. C'est pour ces raisons que plusieurs groupes de recherche travaillent sur le développement de nouveaux analogues du produit naturel qui seraient potentiellement moins toxiques, plus hydrophiles et dont l'activité biologique est améliorée, ou, du moins, non affectée. Ce mémoire présente la synthèse d'un dérivé de la glucosamine comportant un acide carboxylique et une amine dans sa structure. À partir de cette molécule, une nouvelle méthodologie synthétique d'oligosaccharides linéaires portant un groupement alcyne a été développée. Ces derniers ont pu être liés à la podophyllotoxine grâce à une réaction dite réaction click afin de générer de nouveaux dérivés glycoconjugués de la toxine. Les divers analogues obtenus diffèrent par le groupement retrouvé à la position C-2 du glucide terminal. Une voie de synthèse d'oligosaccharides utilisant les principes de couplage peptidique a donc été développée afin d'accéder à une librairie de nouveaux composés potentiellement actifs biologiquement. / There is a growing interest for the use of glycochemistry in the bioorganic and medicinal chemistry fields. Being the most abundant class of biomolecules, carbohydrates are components of various natural and synthetic bioactive products. They are of particular interest in the pharmaceutical industry since they can improve various pharmacokinetic properties of certain compounds. Nowadays, more than 170 commercially available drugs contain a carbohydrate unit in their structure. These biologically active molecules present a wide range of applications as therapeutic agents: they can be used as antibiotics or even as anticancer drugs. Among these, etoposide is a semi-synthetic glycosylated derivative of podophyllotoxin, a naturally occurring product in Podophyllum species, used as treatment of various cancers. The use of etoposide and podophyllotoxin as therapeutic agents is compromised by various problematics such as high toxicity, undesirable side effects and low water solubility. For these reasons, research groups are working on the development of new podophyllotoxin analogues that would potentially be less toxic, more hydrophilic and whose biological activity is either improved, or not affected. This thesis presents the synthesis of a glucosamine derivative bearing both a carboxyl and an amine group in its structure. From this molecule, a new synthetic methodology to access linear oligosaccharides carrying an alkyne group has been developed. These glycomolecules could be linked to podophyllotoxin by click reaction to generate new glycoconjugate derivatives of podophyllotoxin. Each analogue differs by the group found at the C-2 position on the terminal carbohydrate. Therefore, a new synthetic approach of oligosaccharides using the principles of peptide coupling has been developed to access a library of new potentially biologically active compounds.