Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-153). / xvi, 175 leaves, bound 29 cm

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-170). / xvi, 170 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1982 / Pacific Islands Studies

Traditional fecal indicator bacteria such as fecal coliform, E.coli and enterococci have been shown to be unreliable indicators of the hygienic quality of recreational waters under tropical conditions. One of the major reasons for considering these bacteria as ineffective indicators of water quality in warm, tropical regions is that they are consistently found in natural environments (plants, soil, water) in the absence of any significant contamination of these environments. Since preliminary studies conducted in Hawaii had indicated soil as the major environmental source of elevated concentrations of these bacteria in environmental waters, the aim of this study was to focus on the soil environment to specifically address two assumptions made by regulatory agencies in using fecal bacteria as indicators of water quality: first, there should not be an environmental source of these indicator bacteria unrelated to sewage or fecal matter contamination, and second, the indicator bacteria do not multiply in the environment. To determine the validity of these two assumptions under tropical conditions in Hawaii and possibly other tropical locations, various experiments were conducted. The major findings are as follows. 1) Analysis of soil samples collected from various locations representing major soil groups on the island of Oahu showed that fecal indicator bacteria are naturally found in most of the soil environments, indicating that the fecal bacteria have adapted to the soil conditions to become part of soil biota. 2) Evidence was obtained to show that the soil contains adequate nutrients to sustain the populations of these bacteria. 3) Growth and multiplication of fecal indicator bacteria in natural soil was dependent on available nutrients (particularly carbon), moisture and competing microorganisms. In conclusion, tropical soil conditions are suboptimal for the multiplication of fecal indicator bacteria. Consequently, these bacteria in natural soil conditions will probably grow and multiply sporadically when conditions are relatively optimal. Although concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria in soil represent only a small fraction of the microbiota, their counts are significant enough in numbers not only to impact the quality of recreational waters but also to nullify two of the assumptions used in the application of recreational water quality standards. Thus, there is a need for an alternate and more reliable indicator of water quality in Hawaii and other tropical locations. / Department of Health, State of Hawaii; US Environmental Protection Agency

The tsunami of April 1, 1946 was the deadliest natural disaster in the history of modern Hawaiʻi. Of the 159 casualties in the islands, twenty-four died at Laupahoehoe, a sugar plantation community on Hawaiʻi island. This study presents and analyzes oral history narratives of five survivors and eyewitnesses. In one-to-one interviews, four students and one teacher of Laupahoehoe School recalled their early life experiences, as well as what they saw and heard that morning in 1946; how and why they reacted to the unfolding drama the way they did; and how the events of that day affected them to the present. The oral histories are examined through two lenses. First, as living historical documents, they reveal a human side of the tragedy, a side often overlooked by researchers pre-occupied with statistical and scientific explanations. Documenting people's life experiences and values, the oral histories provide us with knowledge and understanding of tsunamis from humanistic as well as scientific perspectives. Second, as case studies, the interview narratives reflect oral history's role in an emerging trend in social science research, in which the process of gathering data is almost as closely analyzed as the data itself. This study examines memory, or how and why we recall life experiences; narrative, or how and why we tell stories about what we remember; and history, or how and why we preserve these stories for present and future generations. Oral history involves an interviewee/narrator who, in a conversational, question-and-answer setting with an interviewer/researcher, recalls details of his/her life experiences. The interviews are recorded, processed, preserved, and transmitted in various formats for posterity. This examination of oral history, or the "alchemy" of transmuting memory into history, demonstrates its educative role to all involved in the process: the interviewee/narrator, who has lived through and remembers his/her life experiences; the interviewer/researcher, who collaborates with the interviewee/narrator to construct historical narratives; and present and future generations of scholars, students, and the lay community, who will utilize the narratives as primary accounts about the past. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-231). / Electronic reproduction. / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / ix, 231 leaves, bound 29 cm

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1981. / Bibliography: leaves 181-189. / Microfiche. / xv, 189 leaves, bound ill., maps 28 cm

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1977. / Bibliography: leaves 335-341. / xxvii, 341 leaves ill

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1977. / Bibliography: leaves 332-339. / xxiii, 339 leaves ill., maps

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-150) / Microfiche. / xiii, 150 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Typescript (photocopy) / Bibliography: p. 308-318. / xvi, 318 leaves tables 28 cm