Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1971. / Typewritten.

published_or_final_version / Comparative Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Comparative Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

No description available.

<p>This study identifies and discusses the challenges of negotiation as a conflict management tool with reference to the negotiation process of the land conflict in the Mulanje district of Malawi between tea companies and the villagers who live around the tea estates. Although the negotiation process started on 15th January 2000, there were no expected outcomes as of end of October 2008. In order to identify the challenges of the negotiation process, the study has specifically provided in-depth analyses of the land conflict and the negotiation process in Mulanje. The study consequently has recommended, among other things, the introduction of conflict transformation initiatives as a way of mending the relationship between the conflicting parties, institutionalization of conflict management training, review of the role of government and strategic cooperation of stakeholders in addressing the structural causes of conflicts among other recommendations.</p>

This paper reviews the policy dimensions of land use planning in Indiana, and examines problems with implementing a state wide land use policy. Areas of particular concern for state land use planning are investigated, including agricultural land management, critical area management, and control of large scale development. Land use planning is looked at as an area involving local concerns as -well as many concerns with political factors to be considered at each level. Political roles of many different interest groups are examined, ranging from environmentalists to pro-development, and it is shown how these roles interact in shaping a policy. Specific land use tools are outlined and the author discusses the reasons why, in his opinion, it will be very difficult for Indiana to implement any true form of statewide land use policy. / Department of Urban Planning

This research aims to examine the effects of the urban land acquisition and allocation programme by the government in Iran on the rate of increase of the prices of urban land and affordablity of housing prices for different income groups in the urban areas of the country during the period 1979 to 1988 which was on the basis of the enactment of three Urban Land Laws after the 1979 revolution. The implementation of these laws limited private ownership of vacant urban land in the country to about 1,000 to 1,500 square metres, depending on the size of the city, with the excess land being acquired by the government. In this respect the Urban Land Organisation under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development was able to acquire 36,000 hectares through confiscation from the excess of private ownership, 8,258 hectares of private land in return for payment of compensation, and a further 41,272 hectares of land which already belonged to the various public organisations was transferred to its authority. Thereby a total of 85,557 hectares was assembled under the authority of the urban land organisation (ULO). As part of the land policy, the ULO then proceeded to allocate some 10,790 hectares or 12.6 percent of the total assembled land to eligible applicants including private households, housing cooperatives and public and private housing developers for housing construction. This was in addition to the 3,313 hectares or 3.9 percent of the total assembled land which was allocated for the purposes urban services and commercial buildings. In any case, while only 12.6 percent of the assembled land was allocated by the ULO it comprised about 32 percent of the number and 34 percent of the area of land plots for new starts of housing construction during the period 1979 to 1988. The hypothesis of the thesis with regard to the effect of government acquisition and allocation of urban land on the situation of urban land prices and housing in Iran is that between 1979 to 1988 this programme and the resultant activities has on the one hand led to a reduction of the rate of increase of the price of urban land in the market and, on the other, has contributed to the provision of affordable housing units for low and middle income households. The thesis has tested the first part of its hypothesis by collecting and analyzing the trend of development of urban land prices for a 15 year period between 1974 to 1988. The second part of the hypothesis has been tested by calculating the price of housing on ULO allocated and privately owned land and then comparing them with the effective demand of different income groups in the urban areas of the country. The evidence of the analysis for the first part of the hypothesis shows that during the period 1979 to 1988 the average price of one square metre of privately owned land was about 13 times higher than ULO allocated land. More importantly, however, is the trend of development of the price of privately owned land between 1974 to 1988 which shows that after the 1979 revolution average prices of privately owned land always kept below the 1976 figure prior to the revolution and from 1985 on wards the actual increase at constant prices was actually negative. Moreover, with the base year of 1974, the index of the average price of privately owned land for the period 1979 to 1988 was between 58.7 and 207.5 which was much lower than the consumer price index which was between 196.3 and 974.1 for the same period. The index of the average price of urban land for 1975 and 1976 prior to the 1979 revolution, however, is 125.3 and 170.5 which is higher than the consumer price index for the same period which was 109.9 and 128.1. consequently, it can be stated that the evidence from the analysis for the first part of the hypothesis supports its proposition in that the enactment and implementation of the aforementioned urban land policy after the 1979 revolution has led to a reduction of the rate of increase of urban land prices in the market between the period 1979 to 1988. The result of the analysis for the second part of the hypothesis on the other hand shows that on the basis of the recommended floor area of 75 square metre for housing units built on ULO allocated land, which was recommended by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, such units were in the main affordable to all income categories including all those in the low income groups. The units built on privately owned land were in the main only affordable to income groups 8-10 which comprised the high income groups and in 1987 and 1988 even income groups 8-9 of the high income groups were excluded from these units. More importantly, however, the analysis shows that even with bigger floor areas including the actual average floor area of urban housing units for the period 1979 to 1988, which ranged between 132 to 162 square metres during the stated period, the units built on ULO allocated land were still much more affordable to the low and middle income groups than the units built on privately owned land which would still be in the main unaf fordable to the low income groups. This difference in affordablity also applies to small units 50-75 square metres built on the two different categories of land. The result of the analysis for the second part of the hypothesis, therefore, also supports its proposition in that the enactment and implementation of the aforementioned urban land policy after the 1979 revolution has contributed to the provision of affordable housing units for low and middle income households in the period 1979 to 1988.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-120). / ix, 120 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

<p>The Government of Namibia has been responsible for facilitating the resettlement of destitute and landless people since its independence in 1990. The provision of resettlement is a very contentious issue in Namibia. The bulk of land is still in the hands of minority white communities and foreigners. It is against this background that the study examined the land reform process in Namibia. The objectives of the study was to investigate to what extent the land reform process has been successful in one of Namibia's regions, and what factors are relevant for success, and identify ways to improve the process / to examine the original government objective/policy and how/why it changed over time.</p>

The vegetation rehabilitation of iron ore waste dumps and industrial site waste is an important part of completion criteria for mining, especially as legislation requirements increase. There are limited guidelines currently available for companies to achieve these rehabilitation goals and those that exist tend to be anecdotally rather than scientifically based. Some scientific studies have been carried out using topsoil and seeding as restoration treatments, but very little information is available on their usefulness in the arid zone. This study assesses the outcomes of a range of rehabilitation projects carried out in the Middleback Ranges, South Australia. / For historical sites, data was collected by line transects and point quarter (i.e they were quantitative and repeatable even if the design was historical). These projects were not originally designed for scientific purposes, so are not controlled or replicated. Therefore data was collected in a descriptive, non-experimental and interpretive manner. Similar data was also gathered, at nearby reference sites (unmined areas) of similar landform to gauge the success of the revegetation. / The historical study showed that long-term monitoring using scientific protocol is the only reliable method of gauging rehabilitation success and may be crucial in deciding completion criteria in the future, whereas ad-hoc restoration with no written records is of limited use to restoration science. However, the historical study did provide an opportunity to discuss rehabilitation success over a longer period than would normally be included in a short study. / A controlled and replicated field - based experiment testing both topsoil and seeding treatments was designed for the Iron Baron mine site, in the Middleback Ranges. A second experiment testing only the seeding treatment was carried out at the Whyalla Steelworks. At Iron Baron mine site ten contour terraces were built which provided 20 transects, allowing five replicates of treatments: topsoil and seed; topsoil and no seed; no topsoil and seed; and no topsoil and no seed. At the Whyalla Steelworks ten transects were furrowed, allowing five replicates of topsoil with seed and five of topsoil with no seed. At both experimental sites line transects were conducted which measured percentage cover, density and canopy volume of emerging vegetation cover. Each measure of vegetation response from each experiment was modelled using spatial analysis of mixed models (SAMM). / The experimental trials confirmed the hypothesis that there is a significant difference in revegetation using topsoil and seeding treatments. Topsoil with seed provided the most superior result. Increases in cover, density, canopy volume and biodiversity proved that both these treatments were effective for the arid zone. Should only one treatment be possible then topsoiling is the more effective option. / Thesis (MAppSc(EnvironmentRecreationMg))--University of South Australia, 2003.