Background and Literature: Technology is slowly but surely finding its way into the therapy room. As such, it is moving from the position of being used to aid therapy, such keeping notes on a computer, to being used to facilitate therapy such as online counselling. The sub-type of online counselling known as internet relay chat is a form of counselling that relies solely upon text alone; having no visual or audial cues to aid the therapy and is what this study focuses on. The therapeutic use of self is a difficult concept to define even 55 years after being first introduced. It is a concept that pervades all therapeutic approaches in some way and can be referred to as the planned use of personality, insights, perceptions, and judgments as part of the therapeutic process. It is therefore an important part of therapeutic work with five types of use of self being identified in the literature: use of personality, use of belief system, use of relational dynamics, use of anxiety and use of self-disclosure. However, prior to completing this study it was unknown as to how this core skill could be translated to internet relay chat. Methodology: Eight participants provided transcripts from 20-minute long internet relay simulated counselling sessions. These sessions were part of a training exercise with participants being students from the University of Manchester who were practising online counselling with each other. This study was a mixed-methods study following an explanatory sequential design. The first quantitative stage was a directed content analysis that coded the transcripts for therapeutic uses of self. The second stage was a qualitative grounded theory analysis that analysed semi-structured interviews that looked at the reasons behind why the uses of self from the first stage were used and their perceived impact. Findings: The directed content analysis found that therapeutic uses of self could indeed be translated within this medium with 53 occurrences of self-disclosure, 45 uses of relational dynamics and 15 uses of personality. There were no examples of use of belief system or use of anxiety within this study. The grounded theory analysis resulted in 463 open codes, which were organised under the core category of therapeutic use of self online. This was succeeded by 7 axial codes which were, Conducting Research, Context of Internet Relay chat, Impact of Using Uses of Self, Patterns of Behaviour, Reasons for Using Uses of Self or Not, Therapeutic Use of Self and Impact of Training Exercise. Discussion and Conclusions: The use of self differed from the way it is reported to be used in the participant's face-to-face work and the compensatory techniques used proved similar to those found in the existing literature. It is recommended that that this is a useful exercise for trainee counselling psychologists to undertake as part of their training. This holds value as not all participants knew what a therapeutic use of self was, despite their importance within therapy. It is also beneficial due to the shift in communication we as a society are experiencing.

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Aim: Despite the growing trend in offering online therapy to young people this area has received little attention to date. This project therefore aims to systematically explore work in this territory by investigating the types of goals that young people approach online services with, and the challenges and opportunities that online counsellors have experienced when working with them. Methods: Initially 1,137 client articulated goals which were collated by an online youth counselling service in England between December 2013 and July 2014. Secondly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six online counsellors who have utilised a goal-based approach to therapy with young people. Both data strands were examined by utilising the Grounded Theory Methodology. Results: The goals young people brought into therapy were conceptualized under three core categories: (1) "Intra-personal goals", (2) "Inter-personal goals" and (3) "Goals on Self relating to others". Findings from the experience of online practitioners have provided four further core-categories: (1) "The impact of goals as an ingredient of the online therapy", (2) "The effect of virtual environment working towards goals", (3) "Key themes around youth goals", and (4) "The evolution of a practitioner's therapeutic identity". Discussion: The codified types of goals proved similar to the taxonomy of goals articulated within the Berne Inventory of Therapeutic Goals. Nuances related to the online environment and age group of the clients appeared to be present and are considered. In particular, the concept of goals on "Self relating to others" provided some interesting discussion points on the nature of services provided in both online and face-to-face youth services. The practitioner views echoed the published literature reflecting on the broader experiences of working with therapeutic goals. However the lack of research into the experiences of counsellors working with therapy goals is noted. Further reflection on the findings suggested a four stage working model for goal oriented online therapy. Reflections upon the limitations of the work, implications for therapists, researchers and service providers interested in online therapeutic work are outlined.

O presente trabalho busca apresentar um panorama geral da aproximação da Psicologia com a tecnologia trazendo à tona a questão dos atendimentos psicológicos online, suas limitações e possibilidades. Os atendimentos online são regulamentados pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia e devem seguir uma serie de normas, sendo possível apenas sua realização como orientação psicológica ou ainda como psicoterapia se em caráter experimental. O foco de atenção nessa dissertação será o atendimento enquanto orientação online, visando uma melhor compreensão sobre qual o seu sentido. Busca-se apresentar, através da análise de alguns emails recebidos pelo Núcleo de Pesquisa de Psicologia em Informática da PUC- SP que vem realizando orientações online através de e-mails desde 1998. Por esse procedimento, encaminham-se questionamentos e reflexões a respeito do fazer psicológico no meio virtual escrito. São também ensaiadas algumas questões na direção de compreender as possibilidades de atuação do psicólogo nesta modalidade de atendimento / The aim of this work is to present an overview of the approach of psychology with technology concerned to online appointments, their limitations and possibilities. Online Counselling are regulated by norms issued by the Federal Council of Psychology (Conselho Federal de Psicologia), and are restricted to the practice of psychological orientation and experimental psychotherapy. This dissertation intends to develop the concept of online attendance on the psychological counselling, in order to provide a better knowledge of its field of application. Research was based on e-mails received by PUC-SP Psychology in Computing Research Center (Núcleo de Pesquisa de Psicologia em Informática da PUC- SP), which has been performing online orientation appointments since 1998, and consists of presenting questions and deliberations about the psychological practice in the online written environment. Specific questions in order to understand the psychologist\'s practice in this kind of counselling are also discussed

O presente trabalho busca apresentar um panorama geral da aproximação da Psicologia com a tecnologia trazendo à tona a questão dos atendimentos psicológicos online, suas limitações e possibilidades. Os atendimentos online são regulamentados pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia e devem seguir uma serie de normas, sendo possível apenas sua realização como orientação psicológica ou ainda como psicoterapia se em caráter experimental. O foco de atenção nessa dissertação será o atendimento enquanto orientação online, visando uma melhor compreensão sobre qual o seu sentido. Busca-se apresentar, através da análise de alguns emails recebidos pelo Núcleo de Pesquisa de Psicologia em Informática da PUC- SP que vem realizando orientações online através de e-mails desde 1998. Por esse procedimento, encaminham-se questionamentos e reflexões a respeito do fazer psicológico no meio virtual escrito. São também ensaiadas algumas questões na direção de compreender as possibilidades de atuação do psicólogo nesta modalidade de atendimento / The aim of this work is to present an overview of the approach of psychology with technology concerned to online appointments, their limitations and possibilities. Online Counselling are regulated by norms issued by the Federal Council of Psychology (Conselho Federal de Psicologia), and are restricted to the practice of psychological orientation and experimental psychotherapy. This dissertation intends to develop the concept of online attendance on the psychological counselling, in order to provide a better knowledge of its field of application. Research was based on e-mails received by PUC-SP Psychology in Computing Research Center (Núcleo de Pesquisa de Psicologia em Informática da PUC- SP), which has been performing online orientation appointments since 1998, and consists of presenting questions and deliberations about the psychological practice in the online written environment. Specific questions in order to understand the psychologist\'s practice in this kind of counselling are also discussed

The diploma thesis tries to do a critical evaluation of potential benefits and risks and limits of Internet psychological counseling. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the the issue of online help from general definition of counselling, through various approaches to definitions of Internet counselling. This part also deals with the history of the online form of help, including the context of development abroad and any differences or specifics in the Czech Republic. Attention is also given to various forms of online psychological help with emphasis on application in our environment. Finally the text introduces potential opportunities and risks of this form of counselling. Empirical part of the diploma thesis focuses on issues of online psychological counseling by a combined research design. The research part of the thesis tries to map the possibilities and limits of web psychological counselling from the perspective of the client. The focus of qualitative research is the analysis of interviews with online counseling clients, supplemented with analysis of chat conversations and case studies. Qualitative results are enriched by quantitatively conceived research. Keywords: counselling, intervention, phone intervention, face to face counselling, online counselling, communication in the cyber...