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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Multithreaded PDE Solvers on Non-Uniform Memory Architectures

Nordén, Markus January 2006 (has links)
A trend in parallel computer architecture is that systems with a large shared memory are becoming more and more popular. A shared memory system can be either a uniform memory architecture (UMA) or a cache coherent non-uniform memory architecture (cc-NUMA). In the present thesis, the performance of parallel PDE solvers on cc-NUMA computers is studied. In particular, we consider the shared namespace programming model, represented by OpenMP. Since the main memory is physically, or geographically distributed over several multi-processor nodes, the latency for local memory accesses is smaller than for remote accesses. Therefore, the geographical locality of the data becomes important. The focus of the present thesis is to study multithreaded PDE solvers on cc-NUMA systems, in particular their memory access pattern with respect to geographical locality. The questions posed are: (1) How large is the influence on performance of the non-uniformity of the memory system? (2) How should a program be written in order to reduce this influence? (3) Is it possible to introduce optimizations in the computer system for this purpose? The main conclusion is that geographical locality is important for performance on cc-NUMA systems. This is shown experimentally for a broad range of PDE solvers as well as theoretically using a model involving characteristics of computer systems and applications. Geographical locality can be achieved through migration directives that are inserted by the programmer or — possibly in the future — automatically by the compiler. On some systems, it can also be accomplished by means of transparent, hardware initiated migration and replication. However, a necessary condition that must be fulfilled if migration is to be effective is that the memory access pattern must not be "speckled", i.e. as few threads as possible shall make accesses to each memory page. We also conclude that OpenMP is competitive with MPI on cc-NUMA systems if care is taken to get a favourable data distribution.
72

Reparallelization and migration of OpenMP applications in grid environments

Klemm, Michael January 2008 (has links)
Zugl.: Erlangen, Nürnberg, Univ., Diss., 2008
73

Adaptação dinâmica do número de threads em aplicações paralelas openMP para otimizar EDP em sistemas embarcados / Dynamic Adaptation of the number of threads for OpenMP applications in embedded systems to optimize EDP

Schwarzrock, Janaina January 2018 (has links)
Aplicações paralelas geralmente são executadas com o máximo número de threads de hardware disponíveis no sistema para maximizar o seu desempenho. Contudo, esta abordagem pode não ser a melhor escolha quando se busca eficiência energética e, em alguns casos, pode até mesmo degradar o desempenho. Desta maneira, o presente trabalho aplica a adaptação dinâmica do número de threads para otimizar o Energy-Delay Product (EDP) de aplicações paralelas OpenMP executadas em sistemas embarcados. Ao contrário de soluções anteriores, que focam em processadores de propósito geral (GPP, do inglês General Purpose Processors), o presente trabalho considera as características intrínsecas de sistemas embarcados, os quais geralmente possuem menos núcleos disponíveis, assim como apresentam diferenças significativas em relação à micro-arquitetura e à hierarquia de memória. Por meio de experimentos realizados em um sistema embarcado real com processador octa-core, este trabalho mostrou que a adaptação dinâmica do número de threads permite, em média, economizar 15,35% no consumo de energia com apenas 3,41% de perda de desempenho, gerando assim 12,47% de otimização de EDP em relação à configuração padrão (uso do máximo número de threads disponíveis no sistema). No melhor caso, a adaptação dinâmica foi capaz de economizar 26,97% em energia enquanto promoveu 25,74% de aumento no desempenho, resultando em 45,77% de melhora no EDP. / Parallel applications usually execute using the maximum number of threads allowed by the available hardware at hand to maximize performance. However, this approach may not be the best when it comes to energy efficiency and may even lead to performance decrease in some particular cases. In this way, the present work proposes a new apporach for the dynamic adaptation of the number of threads to optimize Energy-Delay Product (EDP) of OpenMP applications when running on Embedded Systems. Differently from previous solutions, which focus on General Purpose Processors (GPP), the current one takes into account the intrinsic characteristics of embedded systems, which usually have a lower number of cores and significantly different characteristics concerning the microarchitecture and memory hierarchy when compared to GPPs. Through experiments on a real embedded system with an octa-core processor, this work demonstrates that adapting the number of threads at runtime saves energy, on average, by 15,35% with only 3,41% loss performance, improving the EDP by 12,47% over the default configuration (maximum number of threads available in the system). In the best case, the dynamic adaptation saves 26,97 % in energy while promoting a 25,74 % increase in performance, resulting in a 45,77 % improvement in EDP.
74

Aurora : seamless optimization of openMP applications / Aurora: Otimização Transparente de Aplicações OpenMP

Lorenzon, Arthur Francisco January 2018 (has links)
A exploração eficiente do paralelismo no nível de threads tem sido um desafio para os desenvolvedores de softwares. Como muitas aplicações não escalam com o número de núcleos, aumentar cegamente o número de threads pode não produzir os melhores resultados em desempenho ou energia. No entanto, a tarefa de escolher corretamente o número ideal de threads não é simples: muitas variáveis estão envolvidas (por exemplo, saturação do barramento off-chip e sobrecarga de sincronização de dados), que mudam de acordo com diferentes aspectos do sistema (por exemplo, conjunto de entrada, micro-arquitetura) e mesmo durante a execução da aplicação. Para abordar esse complexo cenário, esta tese apresenta Aurora. Ela é capaz de encontrar automaticamente, em tempo de execução e com o mínimo de sobrecarga, o número ideal de threads para cada região paralela da aplicação e se readaptar nos casos em que o comportamento de uma região muda durante a execução. Aurora trabalha com o OpenMP e é completamente transparente tanto para o programador quanto para o usuário final: dado um binário de uma aplicação OpenMP, Aurora o otimiza sem nenhuma transformação ou recompilação de código. Através da execução de quinze benchmarks conhecidos em quatro processadores multi-core, mostramos que Aurora melhora o trade-off entre desempenho e energia em até: 98% sobre a execução padrão do OpenMP; 86% sobre o recurso interno do OpenMP que ajusta dinamicamente o número de threads; e 91% quando comparado a uma emulação do feedback-driven threading. / Efficiently exploiting thread-level parallelism has been challenging for software developers. As many parallel applications do not scale with the number of cores, blindly increasing the number of threads may not produce the best results in performance or energy. However, the task of rightly choosing the ideal amount of threads is not straightforward: many variables are involved (e.g. off-chip bus saturation and overhead of datasynchronization), which will change according to different aspects of the system at hand (e.g., input set, micro-architecture) and even during execution. To address this complex scenario, this thesis presents Aurora. It is capable of automatically finding, at run-time and with minimum overhead, the optimal number of threads for each parallel region of the application and re-adapt in cases the behavior of a region changes during execution. Aurora works with OpenMP and is completely transparent to both designer and end-user: given an OpenMP application binary, Aurora optimizes it without any code transformation or recompilation. By executing fifteen well-known benchmarks on four multi-core processors, Aurora improves the trade-off between performance and energy by up to: 98% over the standard OpenMP execution; 86% over the built-in feature of OpenMP that dynamically adjusts the number of threads; and 91% over a feedback-driven threading emulation.
75

Adaptação dinâmica do número de threads em aplicações paralelas openMP para otimizar EDP em sistemas embarcados / Dynamic Adaptation of the number of threads for OpenMP applications in embedded systems to optimize EDP

Schwarzrock, Janaina January 2018 (has links)
Aplicações paralelas geralmente são executadas com o máximo número de threads de hardware disponíveis no sistema para maximizar o seu desempenho. Contudo, esta abordagem pode não ser a melhor escolha quando se busca eficiência energética e, em alguns casos, pode até mesmo degradar o desempenho. Desta maneira, o presente trabalho aplica a adaptação dinâmica do número de threads para otimizar o Energy-Delay Product (EDP) de aplicações paralelas OpenMP executadas em sistemas embarcados. Ao contrário de soluções anteriores, que focam em processadores de propósito geral (GPP, do inglês General Purpose Processors), o presente trabalho considera as características intrínsecas de sistemas embarcados, os quais geralmente possuem menos núcleos disponíveis, assim como apresentam diferenças significativas em relação à micro-arquitetura e à hierarquia de memória. Por meio de experimentos realizados em um sistema embarcado real com processador octa-core, este trabalho mostrou que a adaptação dinâmica do número de threads permite, em média, economizar 15,35% no consumo de energia com apenas 3,41% de perda de desempenho, gerando assim 12,47% de otimização de EDP em relação à configuração padrão (uso do máximo número de threads disponíveis no sistema). No melhor caso, a adaptação dinâmica foi capaz de economizar 26,97% em energia enquanto promoveu 25,74% de aumento no desempenho, resultando em 45,77% de melhora no EDP. / Parallel applications usually execute using the maximum number of threads allowed by the available hardware at hand to maximize performance. However, this approach may not be the best when it comes to energy efficiency and may even lead to performance decrease in some particular cases. In this way, the present work proposes a new apporach for the dynamic adaptation of the number of threads to optimize Energy-Delay Product (EDP) of OpenMP applications when running on Embedded Systems. Differently from previous solutions, which focus on General Purpose Processors (GPP), the current one takes into account the intrinsic characteristics of embedded systems, which usually have a lower number of cores and significantly different characteristics concerning the microarchitecture and memory hierarchy when compared to GPPs. Through experiments on a real embedded system with an octa-core processor, this work demonstrates that adapting the number of threads at runtime saves energy, on average, by 15,35% with only 3,41% loss performance, improving the EDP by 12,47% over the default configuration (maximum number of threads available in the system). In the best case, the dynamic adaptation saves 26,97 % in energy while promoting a 25,74 % increase in performance, resulting in a 45,77 % improvement in EDP.
76

Aurora : seamless optimization of openMP applications / Aurora: Otimização Transparente de Aplicações OpenMP

Lorenzon, Arthur Francisco January 2018 (has links)
A exploração eficiente do paralelismo no nível de threads tem sido um desafio para os desenvolvedores de softwares. Como muitas aplicações não escalam com o número de núcleos, aumentar cegamente o número de threads pode não produzir os melhores resultados em desempenho ou energia. No entanto, a tarefa de escolher corretamente o número ideal de threads não é simples: muitas variáveis estão envolvidas (por exemplo, saturação do barramento off-chip e sobrecarga de sincronização de dados), que mudam de acordo com diferentes aspectos do sistema (por exemplo, conjunto de entrada, micro-arquitetura) e mesmo durante a execução da aplicação. Para abordar esse complexo cenário, esta tese apresenta Aurora. Ela é capaz de encontrar automaticamente, em tempo de execução e com o mínimo de sobrecarga, o número ideal de threads para cada região paralela da aplicação e se readaptar nos casos em que o comportamento de uma região muda durante a execução. Aurora trabalha com o OpenMP e é completamente transparente tanto para o programador quanto para o usuário final: dado um binário de uma aplicação OpenMP, Aurora o otimiza sem nenhuma transformação ou recompilação de código. Através da execução de quinze benchmarks conhecidos em quatro processadores multi-core, mostramos que Aurora melhora o trade-off entre desempenho e energia em até: 98% sobre a execução padrão do OpenMP; 86% sobre o recurso interno do OpenMP que ajusta dinamicamente o número de threads; e 91% quando comparado a uma emulação do feedback-driven threading. / Efficiently exploiting thread-level parallelism has been challenging for software developers. As many parallel applications do not scale with the number of cores, blindly increasing the number of threads may not produce the best results in performance or energy. However, the task of rightly choosing the ideal amount of threads is not straightforward: many variables are involved (e.g. off-chip bus saturation and overhead of datasynchronization), which will change according to different aspects of the system at hand (e.g., input set, micro-architecture) and even during execution. To address this complex scenario, this thesis presents Aurora. It is capable of automatically finding, at run-time and with minimum overhead, the optimal number of threads for each parallel region of the application and re-adapt in cases the behavior of a region changes during execution. Aurora works with OpenMP and is completely transparent to both designer and end-user: given an OpenMP application binary, Aurora optimizes it without any code transformation or recompilation. By executing fifteen well-known benchmarks on four multi-core processors, Aurora improves the trade-off between performance and energy by up to: 98% over the standard OpenMP execution; 86% over the built-in feature of OpenMP that dynamically adjusts the number of threads; and 91% over a feedback-driven threading emulation.
77

Evaluation of Parallel Programming Standards For  Embedded High Performance Computing

James Emmanuel Roy, Muggalla, Garimella, Pradeep January 2010 (has links)
The aim of this project is to evaluate parallel programming standards for embedded high performance computing. There is a huge demand for high computational speed and performance in the present radar signal processing, so more processors are needed to get enough performance. One way of getting high performance is by dividing the work on multiple processors. At the same time, it has to get low communication overhead and good speedup. This has been done by using parallel computing languages such as OpenMP and MPI.We use these parallel programming languages on radar signal benchmark which is similar to many tasks in radar signal processing. For running OpenMP, a shared memory system SUNFIRE E2900 is used and for MPI, a SUNFIRE E2900, containing 8 nodes which uses SUN HPC cluster tools v5 is used. The OpenMP program shows pretty good speedup up to 5 processors, there after an increase in communication overhead is observed. MPI has shown low communication overhead at the beginning but got decreases when the numbers of processors were increased. Both OpenMP and MPI show similar aspects, at certain limit as the number of processors are increased there is decreasing trend in efficiency and increase in communication overhead. According to our results, OpenMP is a relatively easy to use program when compared to MPI. When using MPI it is up to the programmer to make explicit calls in order to parallelize.
78

Aurora : seamless optimization of openMP applications / Aurora: Otimização Transparente de Aplicações OpenMP

Lorenzon, Arthur Francisco January 2018 (has links)
A exploração eficiente do paralelismo no nível de threads tem sido um desafio para os desenvolvedores de softwares. Como muitas aplicações não escalam com o número de núcleos, aumentar cegamente o número de threads pode não produzir os melhores resultados em desempenho ou energia. No entanto, a tarefa de escolher corretamente o número ideal de threads não é simples: muitas variáveis estão envolvidas (por exemplo, saturação do barramento off-chip e sobrecarga de sincronização de dados), que mudam de acordo com diferentes aspectos do sistema (por exemplo, conjunto de entrada, micro-arquitetura) e mesmo durante a execução da aplicação. Para abordar esse complexo cenário, esta tese apresenta Aurora. Ela é capaz de encontrar automaticamente, em tempo de execução e com o mínimo de sobrecarga, o número ideal de threads para cada região paralela da aplicação e se readaptar nos casos em que o comportamento de uma região muda durante a execução. Aurora trabalha com o OpenMP e é completamente transparente tanto para o programador quanto para o usuário final: dado um binário de uma aplicação OpenMP, Aurora o otimiza sem nenhuma transformação ou recompilação de código. Através da execução de quinze benchmarks conhecidos em quatro processadores multi-core, mostramos que Aurora melhora o trade-off entre desempenho e energia em até: 98% sobre a execução padrão do OpenMP; 86% sobre o recurso interno do OpenMP que ajusta dinamicamente o número de threads; e 91% quando comparado a uma emulação do feedback-driven threading. / Efficiently exploiting thread-level parallelism has been challenging for software developers. As many parallel applications do not scale with the number of cores, blindly increasing the number of threads may not produce the best results in performance or energy. However, the task of rightly choosing the ideal amount of threads is not straightforward: many variables are involved (e.g. off-chip bus saturation and overhead of datasynchronization), which will change according to different aspects of the system at hand (e.g., input set, micro-architecture) and even during execution. To address this complex scenario, this thesis presents Aurora. It is capable of automatically finding, at run-time and with minimum overhead, the optimal number of threads for each parallel region of the application and re-adapt in cases the behavior of a region changes during execution. Aurora works with OpenMP and is completely transparent to both designer and end-user: given an OpenMP application binary, Aurora optimizes it without any code transformation or recompilation. By executing fifteen well-known benchmarks on four multi-core processors, Aurora improves the trade-off between performance and energy by up to: 98% over the standard OpenMP execution; 86% over the built-in feature of OpenMP that dynamically adjusts the number of threads; and 91% over a feedback-driven threading emulation.
79

Akcelerace ultrazvukové neurostimulace pomocí vysokoúrovňových GPGPU knihoven / Acceleration of Ultrasound Neurostimulation Using High-Level GPGPU Libraries

Mička, Richard January 2021 (has links)
This thesis explores potential use of GPGPU libraries to accelerate k-Wave toolkit's acoustic wave propagation simulation. Firstly, the thesis researches and assesses available high level GPGPU libraries. Afterwards, an insight into k-Wave toolkit's current state of simulation acceleration is provided. Based on that, an approach to enhance currently available code for processors into a heterogeneous application, that is capable of being run on graphics card, is proposed. The outcome of this thesis is an application that can utilize graphics card. If graphics card is unavailable, a fallback into thread and SIMD based acceleration for processor is executed. The product of this thesis is then evaluated based on its performance, maintenance difficulty and usability.
80

Využití GPU pro akceleraci optimalizace systému vodních děl / The GPU Accelerated Optimisation of the Water Management Systems

Marek, Jan January 2014 (has links)
Subject of this thesis is optimalization of storage function of water management system. The work is based on dissertation thesis of Ing. Pavel Menšík Ph.D. Automatization of   storage function of water management system. As optimalization method was chosen diferential evolution. Sequential version of the method will be implemented as a first step, followed by CPU accelerated and   GPU accelerated versions.

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