Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hongkong. / Bibliography: leaves 53-58.

The present study aimed at quantifying the topographic distribution of spectral power as measured with electroencephalogram (EEG) in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) across five broad band frequencies (δ, θ, α, β, and γ). Through comparative groups of healthy controls, patients with methamphetamine use disorder, and patients with alcohol use disorder, it was determined that OUD EEG spectral power was globally increased in the δ frequency, and more region-specific in others (frontal lobes in θ and β frequencies). α frequency was reduced in occipital lobes in OUD. The observed changes are discussed in terms of the microcircuit-level changes in the cortex. Based on these findings, EEG may prove to be a valuable tool for diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of OUD. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Thesis (Master of Science) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2006. / Not embargoed. Vita. Bibliography: 125-132.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Substance abuse is a relapsing chronic illness. In 2014, an estimated 27 million persons reported using illicit drugs in the United States (SAMHSA, 2014). Substance abuse negatively impacts societies, productivity, healthcare costs and families. Families play an important role in relapse prevention and sobriety. With adequate family support, substance abuse positively responds to treatment. Many individuals (about 66 million Americans) play the role as an informal caregiver for a relative with chronic illnesses such as substance abuse but few studies exist on the caregiving experiences. What we know about the family caregiving experience is restricted to data from quantitative studies which do not explain the complexities and competing challenges that exist. Different approaches are thereby needed to deepen our understanding of the family caregiver burden of living with a relative with substance abuse problems. Such studies will enable us to understand the original experience and moment of learning of a relative’s substance abuse problems, decision making and support that follows thereafter. This moment calls for major decision making and encounter with treatment services. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of caregivers of relatives with alcohol and opiate dependence. This study utilized Max van Manen’s (2014) Phenomenology of Practice. Ten participants (N=10) were recruited for this study. Van Manen’s guided existential inquiry was used in the analysis of experiential material collected through interviews. Four main themes emerged from the data: (1) Being in the moment: the extension of the self; (2) The dawn of reality: the being of acceptance; (3) Deciding in the moment: the healthcare experience; (4) Uncertainties and struggle: a lifelong process. These themes described how the participants: experienced, accepted and processed a relative’s substance abuse problem, encountered treatment services and experienced the uncertainties and struggles involved in caring for a relative with substance abuse problems. Two main findings emerged from these themes; the impact of guilt and stigma on seeking care and the need to see addiction as a disease instead of as a moral character failure. This calls for coalitions with stakeholders to decrease stigma, enhance acceptance process and increase access to treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Primary care physicians (PCPs) are positioned to mitigate opioid morbidity and mortality, but their engagement in primary, secondary, and tertiary opioid-related prevention behaviors is unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate Tennessee PCPs' engagement in and intention to engage in multiple opioid-related prevention behaviors. METHODS: A survey instrument was developed, pretested, and pilot tested with practicing PCPs. Thereafter, a census of eligible Tennessee PCPs was conducted using a modified, four-wave tailored design method approach. Three patient scenarios were employed to assess physician intention to engage in 10 primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention behaviors. Respondents were asked to report, given 10 similar scenarios, the number of times (0-10) they would engage in prevention behaviors. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS version 25. RESULTS: A total of 296 usable responses were received. Physician intention to engage in prevention behaviors varied across the 10 behaviors studied. Physicians reported frequently communicating risks associated with prescription opioids to patients (8.9 ± 2.8 out of 10 patients), infrequently utilizing brief questionnaires to assess for risk of opioid misuse (1.7 ± 3.3 out of 10 patients), and screening for current opioid misuse (3.1 ± 4.3 out of 10 patients). Physicians reported seldomly co-prescribing naloxone for overdose reversal and frequently discharging from practice patients presenting with an opioid use disorder. CONCLUSIONS: This study noted strengths and opportunities to increase engagement in prevention behaviors. Understanding PCPs' engagement in opioid-related prevention behaviors is important to effectively target and implement morbidity and mortality reducing interventions.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sexual minority individuals demonstrate disparate rates of substance use. Research suggests that bisexual women are vulnerable to substance use disorders when compared to other sexual minority groups. This study explored differences in prevalence of past-year alcohol use disorder (AUD) with and without concurrent past-year opioid and/or benzodiazepine misuse. METHODS: The present study utilized responses from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) public dataset between the years 2015-2019 (N = 16,002) to examine the association between sexual orientation and concurrent misuse of opioids and/or benzodiazepines among individuals with past-year AUD, stratified by sex. RESULTS: Bisexual females demonstrated higher rates of concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine use compared to all other groups. Although there was no association between sexual orientation and concurrent substance use patterns among males, female respondents with past-year AUD endorsing past-year misuse of opioids and benzodiazepines, both alone and in combination, were more likely to be bisexual compared to heterosexual. Lesbians were less likely to endorse concurrent misuse of opioids and benzodiazepines compared to bisexual females. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: In a national sample, bisexual females demonstrated higher odds of risky concurrent substance use patterns. Identifying sexual minority individuals who exhibit elevated risk of co-occurring alcohol, opioid, and/or benzodiazepine misuse is an important step to targeted prevention efforts and allocation of resources to combat rising overdose deaths. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: For the first time, this study explored risky concurrent alcohol, opioid, and benzodiazepine misuse patterns among individuals of different sexual orientations.

<p>Uvod: Temperament predstavlja skup psiholo&scaron;kih osobina, to jest način, brzinu i jačinu umnog i emotivnog reagovanja svojstven pojedincu, odnosno njegovu narav, ćud, prirodu. Savremena istraživanja premorbidnog afektivnog tipa temperamenta, govore u prilog njegovog značaja u etiologiji i kliničkoj evaluaciji bolesti zavisnosti. Cilj: Utvrditi i uporediti temperament kod osoba obolelih od mentalnog poremećaja i poremećaja pona&scaron;anja zbog upotrebe opijata i zdrave populacije. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je urađeno po tipu studije preseka, i obuhvatalo je 200 ispitanika, podeljenih u dve grupe. Ispitivanu grupu činilo je 100 stabilnih zavisnika od opijata na supstitucionoj terapiji metadonom, starosti od 18 do 40 godina, bez komorbidne bolesti iz kruga psihotičnih poremećaja. U kontrolnu grupu uvr&scaron;teno je 100 zdravih osoba &scaron;to sličnijih sociodemografskih karakteristika sa ispitivanom grupom. Njihov temperament je određivan TEMPS-A upitnikom samoprocene. Rezultati: Utvrđeno je statistički značajno če&scaron;će postojanje dominantog temperamenta kod zavisnika, kao i prisustvo depresivnog, ciklotimnog, razdražljivog i anksioznog temperamenta, koji govore u prilog osnovne razlike između zdrave populacije i populacije sa mentalnim poremećajem i poremećajem pona&scaron;anja zbog upotrebe opijata. Zaključak: Afektivni temperament, kao premorbidna karakteristika ličnosti, ima uticaja na nastanak i razvoj zavisnosti od opijata. Stoga je od značaja da se uzmu u obzir osobine hipertimnog temperamenta kao protektivnog ili depresivnog, ciklotimnog, radražljivog i anksioznog temperamenta kao rizičnih faktora u etiologiji, prevenciji i terapiji bolesti zavisnosti.</p> / <p>Introduction: Temperament is a set of psychological characteristics, ie the speed and strength of mind and emotional reactions peculiar to the individual, or his character, temperament, nature. Modern research of the premorbid affective temperament is in favor of its significance in the etiology and clinical evaluation of substance abuse. The Aim: To determine and compare the temperament of people suffering from mental and behavioral disorders due to use of opioids and healthy population. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional, and 200 subjects were included and divided into two groups. The study group included stable opiate addicts on substitution therapy with methadone, aged 18 to 40 years, without co-morbid psychotic disorders. The Control group consisted of 100 healthy individuals with similar sociodemographic data as the Study group. Their temperament was determined with the TEMPS-A auto-questionnaire. Results: Statistical significance of a dominant temperament was more frequently found in the subjects with opioid dependence, as well as in depressive, cyclothymic, anxious and irritable temperament, which leads to the fundamental differences between a healthy population and a population with mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of opioids. Conclusion: Affective temperament, as a premorbid personality trait, has an impact on the occurence and development of opiate dependence. Therefore, it is essential to take into account the characteristics of a hyperthymic temperament as a protective factor or depressive, cyclothymic, irritable and anxious temperament as risk factors in etiology, prevention and treatment of addiction.</p>

<p>Poremećaj upotrebe Interneta je psihofizički poremećaj koji podrazumeva pojavu tolerancije, simptome povlačenja, afektivne smetnje i poremećene socijalne relacije. Neurobiolo&scaron;ki i farmakolo&scaron;ki podaci ukazuju na sličnosti u patopsihologiji zavisnosti od opijata i patolo&scaron;kog kockanja, a time i na sličnosti sa poremećajem upotrebe Interneta. U osnovi navedenih problema su poremećaji centra za nagradu, koji upravlja svim oblicima pona&scaron;anja u kojima motivacija ima centralnu ulogu. CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se uporede sociodemografske karakteristike osoba koje imaju poremećaj upotrebe Interneta, osoba koje su zavisne od opijata i kontrolne grupe. Kao i da se uporede psiholo&scaron;ke karakteristike prema modelu Big Five i psihopatolo&scaron;ke karakteristike, te utvrdi stepen njihove izraženosti kod osoba koje pripadaju pomenutim grupama. MATERIJAL I METODOLOGIJA: Istraživanje je koncipirano kao klinička studija preseka bazirana na metodolo&scaron;kom pristupu koji podrazumeva i primenu komparativne metodologije, a uz upotrebu skala procene i psiholo&scaron;ko-psihijatrijskih baterija za procenu ličnosti. Procena je sprovođena putem sledećih upitnika: Internacionalni psihijatrijski intervju Pompidou, Skala poremećaja upotrebe Interneta, Upitnik za procenu depresivne ličnosti, Upitnik za procenu spremnosti za empatiju, Upitnik za procenu psihopatske devijacije, Upitnik za procenu samohendikepirajućeg pona&scaron;anja, Inventar Velikih Pet. Ukupan uzorak obuhvata 300 ispitanika: 100 ispitanika sa opijatskom zavisno&scaron;ću, 100 ispitanika koji pokazuju simptome poremećaja upotrebe Interneta i 100 ispitanika kontrolne grupe. REZULTATI: Karakteristike ličnosti u vidu u empatije, ekstrovertnosti, prijatnosti, savesnosti, otvorenosti i saradljivosti, u manjoj meri su izražene kod osoba koje imaju poremećaj upotrebe Interneta i osoba zavisnih od opijata, u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Psihopatolo&scaron;ke karakteristike ličnosti u vidu sklonosti ka depresivnom reagovanju u stresnim situacijama, samohendikepiranja i neuroticizma, u većoj meri su izražene kod osoba koje imaju poremećaj upotrebe Interneta i osoba zavisnih od opijata u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu ispitanika, a psihopatske crte i agresivnost vi&scaron;e su izražene u osoba zavisnih od opijata u odnosu na druge dve grupe ispitanika. ZAKLJUČAK: Dobijeni rezultati daju doprinos za klasifikaciju poremećaja upotrebe Interneta i sugeri&scaron;u svrstavanje u dijagnostičku kategoriju bihevioralnih zavisnosti. Kvalitativna analiza psiholo&scaron;ke i psihopatolo&scaron;ke fenomenologije opijatske zavisnosti i poremećaja upotrebe Interneta sugeri&scaron;e njihovu zajedničku dispoziciju za adiktivne poremećaje.<br />&nbsp;</p> / <p>Internet use disorder is a psychophysical disorder that includes increasing tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, affective disorders and disruption of social interactions. Neurological and pharmacological data regarding its effects on the reward pathway of the human brain points at similarities with opiate addiction and pathological gambling. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was a comparison of sociodemographic characteristics of individuals suffering from Internet use disorder, individuals addicted to opiates, and a control group. The aim of this study was also to compare psychological traits of participants according to the Big Five personality traits model and psychopathological traits. METHODOLOGY: A clinical cross-sectional study was conducted using assessment scales and batteries of psychological-psychiatric tests for personality assessment. The assessment was performed using the following materials: The Pompidou international psychiatric interview, The Internet disorder scale, Questionnaire for the assessment of depressive personality, Questionnaire for the assessment of empathy competency, Questionnaire for the assessment of psychopathic deviation, Questionnaire for the assessment of empathy competency, Questionnaire for the assessment of psychopathic deviation, Questionnaire for the assessment of self-handicapping behavior, The Big Five inventory. The sample covers 300 respondents: 100 respondents with opiate addiction, 100 respondents which expressed symptoms of the Internet use disorder, and 100 respondents in the control group. RESULTS: Personality traits in the form of empathy, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and cooperativeness are expressed to a lesser degree in individuals with the Internet use disorder and individuals with opiate addictions compared to the control group. Psychopathological personality traits in the form of tendency towards depressive responses in stressful situations, self-handicapping behavior and neuroticisms are more expressed in individuals with the Internet use disorder and individuals with opiate addiction compared to the control group. Psychopathic traits and aggressive tendencies are more expressed in the group of individuals with opiate addiction compared to the other two groups of respondents. CONCLUSION: Results of the study support classification of the Internet use disorder in the diagnostic category ofbehavioral addictions. The qualitative analysis of psychological and psychopathological phenomenology of opiate addiction and the Internet use disorder suggest a common disposition for addictive disorders.</p>