Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 486-509).

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / History / Master / Master of Philosophy

In this study, the first clashes between Western explorers and the Far East, as well as relations between Britain and China from the eve of the First Opium War (FOW) to the establishment of the British diplomatic residence in Beijing under the treaty regime, have been discussed from a legal point of view. This thesis provides a look at the circumstances of Britain’s encounter with China, their defeat of China through two Opium Wars and their use of unequal treaties to put China into a position of disadvantage. A study of British archives demonstrates the complexity of, and nuance in international law between China and the West from the 1830s to 1860. British national archives allow investigation of the legal perspective on the issues around the opium trade and the way in which it led to the FOW. The archives also shed light on the Second Opium War (SOW) and on the Western acquisition of privileges through the unequal treaties signed at the end of both wars. In its relations with China, Britain left behind the rules and practices which they recognised as the contemporary law of nations and instead, whenever the British financial and economic interest was affected, resorted to force. This paper’s purpose is to show the limitation, according to Chinese Confucian thought, of the self-perception of the Western conception of law and the justice. In fact, this thesis will also show how some British legal advisors and politicians took the side of China and how they argued that Britain had violated the principles of international law. They recognised that China was a sovereign nation and that international law applied in its relations with Britain. Thus this study uncovers aspects of history of international law in the 19th century neglected because of the later prospering of racial theories.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of History

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [186]-210). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Flinders University, Dept. of Archaeology. / Typescript bound. Includes bibliographical references: (leaves [247]-278) Also available in electronic format.

DEEPWATER is a novel that takes place in Port Townsend, Washington Territory, in 1887. This thesis contains the first sections of the novel, in which detective Alma Rosales goes undercover to infiltrate an opium-smuggling ring. She arrives in the remote outpost where the ring operates, falls in with some waterfront thieves, and gets to work. Soon it becomes apparent that Alma's reports to her Pinkerton employers aren't telling the whole truth. And as she gets cozier with the outlaws of Port Townsend, Alma's own identity and motives come into question. Thematically this novel is an exploration of constructed identity: the many parts one person plays in her daily life and over time, and how some parts become habit while others may never feel natural. Alma's disguises make explicit her various performances of personality, physicality and gender. Stylistically I've chosen to reflect Alma's personas, performed or otherwise, in corresponding narrative modes (points of view). Also explored are the performative aspects of dialogue, the blending or warping of genres and genre expectations, and the experience of inhabiting a physical body that is sometimes wildly at odds with the mind.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1928. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-192).