Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Göteborg, 1993. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Michigan.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-25 / A estética dental é um conceito de percepção subjetiva e varia de indivíduo para indivíduo, sendo difícil de ser avaliada apenas clinicamente. O Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) é um questionário específico para avaliação da estética dental composto por 23 itens abrangendo quatro dimensões, autoconfiança dental, impacto social, impacto psicológico e impacto estético. Objetivo: Traduzir para o português, adaptar culturalmente e validar psicometricamente o PIDAQ para uso no Brasil. Métodos: Os métodos utilizados foram propostos por GUILLEMIN, BOMBARDIER, BEATON em 1993, e dividem-se em três etapas: tradução, adaptação cultural e validação psicométrica. Resultados: Uma mudança foi realizada em uma questão ainda durante a tradução. Nenhum item foi alterado durante a adaptação cultural. A reprodutibilidade foi comprovada com coeficientes de correlação linear de Pearson entre r=0,936* e r=0,982* e coeficientes de correlação intraclasse entre ICC=0,935* e ICC=0,982*. Os valores psicométricos obtiveram resultados do coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson de r=0,949*, do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de ICC=0,946* e do alfa de Cronbach de =0,972*. Conclusão: O PIDAQ foi traduzido, adaptado culturalmente e validado para uso no Brasil. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_bf_me_arafo.pdf: 425035 bytes, checksum: e3d1e34ac60c712889809982732d084f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Doenças bucais são prevalentes em pessoas que vivem na pobreza. Esse fenômeno complexo pode ser explicado por diversos fatores, sendo as barreiras no acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal uma das princípais causas. Além da falta de recursos, pessoas pobres também subutilizam os serviços odontológicos devido às experiências negativas na clínica odontológica. Uma possível razão é que a conceituação, percepção e atitude dos profissionais em relação a pobreza geram impactos diretos sobre a qualidade do cuidado em saúde bucal bem como na relação com os pacientes desfavorecidos. Entendendo que os estudantes serão os futuros profissionais, o objetivo desse estudo foi desvelar a percepção e as atitudes de estudantes de Odontologia sobre a pobreza e as pessoas pobres. Para isso foi realizada uma survey descritiva com os alunos regularmente matriculados no curso de graduação em Odontologia de Universidades Públicas do Estado de São Paulo. Um questionário semi-estruturado foi respondido pelos alunos que aceitaram participar da pesquisa a fim de identificar: 1) os dados gerais dos estudantes; 2) a prática profissional futura pretendida por eles; 3) a percepção e as atitudes dos mesmos com relação a pobreza e as pessoas pobres; 4) e dados sócio-econômicos. Análise descritiva dos dados, cross-tabs e regressão logística com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC) foram usadas para avaliar a diferença entre os grupos. A análise estatística foi complemetada pela análise fatorial. Foi demonstrado que a prática profissional intencionada pelos estudantes de Odontologia é a de se tornar especialista. Associações foram observadas entre gênero, nível sócio-econômico, universidade e ano de graduação e a intenção de seguir a carreira no serviço público de saúde. O senso de responsabilidade profissional para prestar... / Oral diseases are prevalent amongst people living in poverty. This complex phenomenon can be explained by several factors. The barriers preventing access to oral health services is a major cause. Poor people underutilize dental services due to negative experiences in clinical dentistry. One possible reason is that the conception, perception and attitude of professionals towards poverty generate direct impacts on the quality of care in oral health as well as in relation to disadvantaged patients. Understanding that students are future professionals, the aim of this study was to examine the perceptions and attitudes of dental students about poverty and poor people. A cross sectional study was carried out with students enrolled in the undergraduate program in dental public universities in the state of São Paulo. A semi-structured questionnaire was answered by the students who agreed to participate in the research to identify: 1) the profile of the students, 2) the desired future practice for them, 3) the perception and attitudes of dental students towards poverty and poor people, 4) and socioeconomic data. Descriptive analysis, cross-tabs and logistic regression with confidence interval 95% (CI) were used to evaluate the differences between the groups. Statistical analysis was supplemented by factor analysis. Our study has shown that the practice intended by the dental students is to become a specialist. Associations were observed between gender, socioeconomic status, university and graduation year and students’ intentions to pursue a career in public health service. The sense of professional responsibility to provide care for disadvantaged populations as well as the perceptions and attitudes of dental students about the poor were considered moderately positive. We observed a tendency among students... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The aim of the study was to analyze oral health status(dental caries, periodontal conditions, fluorosis and malocclusion) of institutionalised children at Amani and Mkombozi street children homes in Moshi town, Tanzania. 100 street children participated. A cross sectional survey of street children between 12-18 years was carried out based on WHO guidelines. Self administered questionnaires were used to collect information from the caregivers.The findings indicate clear need to improve oral hygiene among these children. / South Africa

Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to determine the feasibility and accuracy of machine learning (ML) versus a traditional statistical model in predicting dental caries in children. Methods: This is a systematic review comparing the feasibility and accuracy of ML versus traditional statistical models in predicting dental caries in children. The eligibility criteria were peer-reviewed studies published in English between January 1, 2007-December 31, 2022, that reported using both traditional statistical models and ML algorithms for caries prediction in primary dentition. The years 2007-2022 was chosen as the range because according to NIH.gov, in 2007, machine learning first started analyzing dental radiographs and images to look for tooth decay. Articles were extracted using search strategies from PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Articles were screened using PRISMA guidelines, following a review for quality assessment using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists. Additionally, a meta-analysis was conducted comparing the studies that used traditional statistical models versus ML models using their pooled area under the curve (AUC) estimates. Only 3 of the 5 studies from each of the model types were analyzed based on the random effect estimate due to a limited number of studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using Med Calc software. Results: ML-based models that were most successful in predicting dental caries in children were Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Random Forest (RF). These algorithms outperformed the traditional statistical model of Logistic Regression (LR) as confirmed in the meta-analysis. However, some LR models outperformed certain ML models such as STVM and SVM and did not have much difference in predictive performance scores compared to ML algorithms such as XGboost. Low-income, frequency of dental visits, and toothache were the most significant factors that predicted caries among many of the studies. Low fluoride exposure, consumption of sugary food/drinks, and tooth brushing frequency were additional significant factors contributing to caries prediction. Our meta analysis showed that the pooled AUC scores of ML and statistical models were 0.808 and 0.776 respectively. Heterogeneity assessment of the 3 studies that used traditional statistical models meta analysis showed no significant heterogeneity while the 3 articles that used ML models showed significant heterogeneity (Higgin’s I2 test = 28% and 91%, respectively). A forest plot showcased the pooled AUC scores and a funnel plot showcased publication bias for each model. The test for publication bias showed that both statistical and ML algorithms had low bias. However, this could be inaccurate due to the limited number of studies. Conclusion: Machine learning is a highly plausible and successful method for caries prediction. Specifically, MLP and RF exceeded other ML algorithms and LR, in predictive performance. However, LR still outperformed or performed closely to some ML algorithms. Therefore, the best performing algorithms, MLP and RF, could be recommended as more robust and accurate analytical tools for caries predictions compared to LR, but LR also has predictive potential. / Oral Biology

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Research has shown that the oral health of Māori is far worse than non-Māori across all age groups. The objective of this research study was to assess the dental wellbeing of 5-year olds with a specific focus on Māori children currently residing in the Hamilton City region. In addition, this research focused on the impact that social, economic, cultural and environmental factors have on oral health. A total of 32 participants were invited to take part in this research: 15 5-year-old children from three selected schools, 15 (of the children's) caregivers and 2 dental therapists who work in the Hamilton City region. The findings indicated that overall Māori children and children of lower socio-economic status had a much higher prevalence of dental caries (tooth decay) than non-Māori children and children of higher socio-economic status. A number of contributing factors were shown to be responsible for this disparity including the cultural inappropriateness of oral health services and resources, affordability, role-modelling, parental awareness and education, and the transient nature of families. It was found that no one strategy or intervention will achieve dramatic improvements in Māori oral health as a concerted effort is required by Local and Central Government, the Health Sector and Māori communities.