Em função das novas fronteiras exploratórias de petróleo, principalmente proveniente das reservas do pré-sal, as situações operacionais e condições de serviços estão se tornando cada vez mais severas (pressão, temperatura, composição dos fluidos, etc), exigindo o desenvolvimento de novos materiais e de novas tecnologias para a adequação de materiais tradicionais existentes, como o aço carbono, agregando-lhes novas propriedades e características, por exemplo, com o uso de revestimentos poliméricos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver e avaliar um projeto de uma válvula esfera industrial com todas suas partes internas revestidas, incluindo componentes internos, e realizar uma análise do processo de revestimento e validação do projeto final com os testes de desempenho realizados baseados na norma ABNT NBR 15827, com vistas a possibilitar a substituição de ligas metálicas nobres de alto custo (inconel, duplex, superduplex etc.), por aço carbono revestido. Inicialmente, foram realizadas alterações no projeto original da válvula esfera industrial de diâmetro 4‖ CL300 montagem tipo flutuante para tornar o projeto convencional em um projeto com revestimento interno. Na sequência, foram revestidas duas válvulas com o polímero etileno clorotrifluoroetileno (ECTFE), e realizados ensaios de controle de qualidade durante as etapas do revestimento e ao final do processo. Após a montagem e testes iniciais funcionais e de vedação das válvulas, estas foram submetidas a teste de ciclagem e desempenho, com 1000 ciclos de abertura e fechamento com a pressão máxima de trabalho, sendo realizado monitoramento contínuo do torque de acionamento e pressão aplicada. Foram realizadas sete avaliações de integridade das vedações e do revestimento durante a ciclagem. Gráficos de ciclagem, pressão e testes de vedação foram gerados na etapa de avaliação de desempenho dos protótipos. Ao final dos ensaios os protótipos foram desmontados e uma avaliação dos componentes foi realizada, sendo observado apenas desgaste uniforme nas vedações e superfície de vedação da esfera e haste devido ao atrito gerado pela abertura e fechamento da válvula. Este desgaste não comprometeu a vedação das válvulas. Os resultados satisfatórios validaram o projeto e o processo de revestimento desenvolvido. / Due to new exploratory frontiers of oil, mainly from pre-salt reserves, the operational situations and service conditions are becoming increasingly severe (pressure, temperature, composition of fluids, among others), demanding the development of new materials and technologies to the suitability of the traditional materials, as the carbon steel, by adding them new properties and characteristics, for example, with the use of polymeric coatings. This paper has the objective of to develop and evaluate the project of an industrial ball valve, with all the inner parts coated, including internal components, perform an analysis of the coating and validate the final design process with performance tests conducted based on standard ABNT NBR 15827, with the objective of enabling the replacement of noble metal alloys of high cost (inconel, duplex, super duplex, etc.) by coated carbon steel. Initially, there were changes in the original design of industrial ball valve of a diameter 4‖ CL300 floating mounting type to turn the conventional project in a project with internal coating. Following, two valves were coated with the polymer ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) and control quality tests performed during the stages of the coating and the end of the process. After the assembly and the initial functional tests and sealing of the valves, they were subjected to cycling and performance tests with 1000 cycles of opening and closing at maximum working pressure, being carried out continuous monitoring of the drive torque and pressure applied. Seven evaluations of the integrity of the sealing and coating were performed during cycling. Charts of cycle number, pressure and sealing tests were generated during the stage of evaluation of the prototype's performance. At the end of the testing, the prototypes were disassembled and a review of the components was conducted, being observed only the uniform wear on the seals and sealing surfaces of the sphere and the stem due to the friction generated by the opening and closing of the valve. This wear did not commit the seal of the valves. Satisfactory results have validated the project and the coating process developed.

Steel producers use various organic and inorganic coatings to protect cold-rolled steel (CRS) sheets from corrosion during shipment and storage. It is well known that CRS sheets can be protected from corrosion by galvanizing, phosphating, chromating, topcoating with organic, or their combinations. The chromate rinsing is particularly effective for preventing white rusting of galvanized steel. But there is an increasing interest in a replacement for the chromating process because of environmental and health concerns. The objective of the present work is to develop a chrome-free conversion coating for steel sheets. Various carboxylic acids and their salts have been studied for coating phosphated electrogalvanized (EG) steel sheets, including 10-undecenoic acid (UA), oleic acid (OA), and other fatty acids such as stearic acid (SA) and palmitic acid (PA). When they were used alone, or subsequently coated with resin, they could produce a highly hydrophobic surface and improve the corrosion resistance. Thiols such as 1-octadecanethiol (ODT) can form a self-assembled monolayer on metal substrates. This close-packed monolayer could provide an excellent corrosion resistance for EG steel sheets. It was capable of withstanding 50~60 hours of salt spray test (SST) although its thickness was only a few nanometers. The EG steel itself usually started rusting only after 2~4 hours of salt spray. In another coating system, thiols were mixed with a conventional resin to improve the corrosion resistance of EG steel. This new technique gave 100~120 hours of corrosion resistance. When the resin was applied directly on EG steel surface, its corrosion resistance was less than 72 hours. It was shown that further optimization of this technique increased the corrosion resistance to 200 hours and more in the standard SST. / Ph. D.

Les revêtements organiques déposés en surface de tuyaux en fonte ductile ont pour vocation d’assurer une protection (notamment la résistance chimique, la tenue à la corrosion) vis-à-vis des effluents agressifs transportés. Pour assurer l’adhérence entre le revêtement (époxy) et son substrat, une préparation de surface est souvent nécessaire. Parmi les procédés conventionnels, le grenaillage est la solution la plus utilisée. Simple à mettre en œuvre et d’efficacité prouvée, il permet d’assurer le décapage de la surface tout en générant une rugosité adaptée. Si la solution est approuvée, des questions subsistent néanmoins quant à l’influence respective de la topographie et de la physico-chimie des surfaces. De plus, encouragées par les nouvelles réglementations environnementales, de nouvelles techniques de préparation de surface se développent.Le travail présenté s’est alors attaché à évaluer l’effet de nouvelles techniques de préparation comme le laser de structuration et le jet d’eau à ultra haute pression à comparer à d’autres procédés conventionnels tels que le brossage et le sablage. Ces nouvelles alternatives vont permettre alors de mieux comprendre l’influence du décapage et de la rugosité de surface avant la mise en peinture.Enfin, les différents résultats obtenus ont été alors spécifiquement analysés pour permettre la compréhension des phénomènes ou mécanismes d’adhésion se produisant à l’interface du couple époxy/substrat, d’un point de vue mécanique et physico-chimique. Divers moyens d’analyses ont alors pu être mis en œuvre pour caractériser les surfaces d’un point de vue morphologique (ratio de surface) et chimique (spectroscopies Raman et photoélectronique à rayons X (XPS)) pour évaluer la tenue interfaciale (test de traction adhérence). / Organic coatings applied on the surface of cast iron pipes ensure very good chemical and anti-corrosion protection against aggressive effluents. To improve adherence between coating (epoxy) and substrate, a surface preparation is required. Among conventional processes shot blasting has emerged as the most efficient and cheapest solution for ensuring stripping while generating adapted roughness. However, as it may enhance both mechanical anchorage and chemical bonding a better understanding of these phenomena should be developed. Besides new eco-friendly alternatives were investigated.Indeed, new techniques were evaluated, i.e. laser structuring and an ultra-high pressure water jet whose major benefits are understanding the effect of ablation and surface roughness prior to applying a coating. Moreover, two other conventional processes (sand blasting and brushing) were introduced to obtain a various roughness.Results obtained were then analyzed to further understand bonding mechanisms at the interface.Several processes were then implemented to evaluate the surface morphology as well as the surface chemistry (spectroscopy Raman and XPS) correlated to the adhesion mechanisms