Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1976. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2000. / "May 2000." Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-121). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Orth.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Centre for Atom Physics an Ultra-fast Spectroscopy, 2008. / A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Engineering, Centre for Atom Physics an Ultra-fast Spectroscopy, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2008. Typescript. Bibliography: p. 143-149.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cleveland State University, 2008. / Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Mar. 4, 2009). Includes bibliographical references. Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.

No description available.

The role of the fish pineal organ has been studied using the goldfish Carassius auratus and the Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. To this end, the effects of pinealectomy in goldfish on various behavioural responses, endocrine systems, and the reproductive system were studied. The pineal organs and the retinal tissue from mature and immature salmon were examined by thin-layer chromatography and fluorometry to determine if melatonin, a mammalian hormone, is present in the fishes. Goldfish were injected with melatonin to see if the effect of exogenous melatonin was opposite to that of pinealectomy. Pinealectomized goldfish lost the photo-negative response seen in normal goldfish. Blinding had the same effect on phototaxis as pinealectomy and a combination of the two had the same effect as blinding or pinealectomy alone. It was concluded that the normal phototactic response depended upon both the pineal organ and the eyes. Pinealectomy, blinding, or both was followed by a marked increase in swimming activity. Although this increase was correlated with a decrease in the whole brain serotonin level, a causal relationship was not established between the two. Further, pinealectomy alone produced no significant changes in whole brain serotonin level. Melatonin was localized within the pineal organ of salmon and its concentration in this tissue was analyzed. The pineal melatonin store varied during the reproductive cycle and was found in lower concentrations in the pineal organs of mature salmon. Stored melatonin could not be found in the retinal tissue despite evidence for an active tryptophane metabolism in this tissue. Injection of melatonin into goldfish inhibited the increase in gonad size under long photoperiod; this was accompanied by larger gonadotrophs in the melatonin injected fish. Removal of the pineal organ from goldfish held under short photoperiod caused an increase in gonad size similar to that seen in untreated goldfish exposed to long photoperiod. The effect of pinealectomy on the gonads was limited to that season during which the gonads could be stimulated by increasing day length. At other times of the year, neither photoperiod nor pinealectomy produced any significant effect on the gonad size. From this it was concluded that the pineal gland of the goldfish is related to the reproductive cycle and that its function depends upon photoperiod and the production of melatonin. Pinealectomy had no effect on the interrenal tissue, thyroid tissue, plasma osmotic concentration, or plasma levels of Na⁺, Cl⁻, or Ca⁺⁺, indicating that the effects of this operation are specific for the reproductive system. The data obtained from these studies support the hypothesis that the pineal organ of fishes serves a secretory as well as a sensory function. Further, the functional aspects of the mammalian and fish pineal organs are discussed and it is concluded that the role of the pineal organ is similar in the two groups; that is, the pineal organ of mammals and fish is involved in the timing of reproductive events. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The normal breathing pattern recorded in unanaesthetized, lightly re-strained turtles, Chrysemys picta, consisted of periods of continuous breathing interspersed with periods of breath holding. During each ventilatory period, respiratory frequency and tidal volume were controlled separately and independently of breath length, the total inspiratory interval, the active inspiratory interval and the expiratory interval. Increases in pulmonary minute ventilation during hypercapnia were caused by increases in respiratory frequency due solely to shortening of the intervals of breath holding. The frequency of breathing within each ventilatory period remained constant. There was a large variability in inspiratory and expiratory gas flow rates yet tidal volume was maintained within narrow limits by adjustment of the lengths of the active inspiratory and expiratory intervals. This mechanism was dependent upon lung volume information carried within the vagus nerve. Following vagotomy, changes in minute ventilation due to hypercapnia stemmed primarily from changes in tidal volume while changes in respiratory frequency were markedly reduced. Lung volume information carried within the vagus nerve arose from slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors. Single fibre nerve activity from pulmonary receptors was recorded from vagal slips in single-pithed tidally ventilated turtles. The major stimulus of these receptors was the change in lung volume throughout each breathing cycle. The rate and degree of change in transpulmonary pressure were without direct effect on receptor discharge. The functional characteristics of these receptors differed only quantitatively from those recorded in pulmonary stretch receptors of mammals and these differences probably stem from the lower body temperature of the turtle and the location of the receptors in the turtle lung. Most receptors were sensitive to CO₂, several sufficiently sensitive that both tonic and phasic receptor discharge were totally inhibited throughout the ventilatory cycle by 5 to 10% CO₂ in the inspired gas. Pulmonary mechanoreceptors in the frog were also shown to be sensitive to. The acute sensitivity to of a few receptors in turtles and frogs parallels that of the intrapulmonary receptors described-in birds and suggests that a pulmonary receptor with distinct mechano- and chemosensitive properties may represent the functional precursor of the variety of pulmonary receptor types which appear in modern day vertebrates. To examine the role of sensitivity of pulmonary receptors in the overall response of turtles to inhaled CO₂, ventilatory responses of unanaesthetized turtles to changes in the intrapulmonary CO₂ content of a vascularly isolated lung (constant PaCO₂ ) and an intact lung were measured during spontaneous breathing. The isocapnic hyperpnea associated with inhalation of CO₂ by the vascularly isolated lung was small and abolished by vagotomy. It is concluded that both inhibition of pulmonary stretch receptor discharge with increasing levels of FICO₂ and a functional increase in central inspiratory volume threshold contributed significantly to tidal volume increases during hypercapnia. The primary ventilatory response of intact turtles to increasing levels of FICO₂ was an increase in respiratory frequency and this response FICO₂ was greatly reduced when CO₂ was inspired only by the vascularly isolated lung. Thus the ventilatory response of turtles to increasing levels of FICO₂ is primarily dependent upon increased levels of arterial CO₂. The effect of vagotomy in producing apneusis in turtles supports suggestions they lack a pneumotaxic centre. The arrhythmic breathing pattern in turtles with intact vagal nerves, however, bears no similarity to the pattern of breathing in mammals with only the pneumotaxic centre ablated. It is concluded that the vagal input from pulmonary receptors to the respiratory centres in turtles is qualitatively similar to that in mammals yet the differences in central integration of lung volume information in turtles and mammals are not due solely to the absence of a pneumotaxic centre in the turtle. Many of the remaining differences may arise from the lower metabolic demand of turtles but how this affects central integration and respiratory pattern generation is unknown. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

We report a case where colonoscopic ultrasound was used to evaluate the pancreas. In this case the usual method of evaluating the body of the pancreas by upper gastrointestinal ultrasound was unsuccessful because of the presence of a large hiatal hernia. The other abdominal organs evaluated by colonoscopic ultrasound included the ileo-cecal valve, kidney, liver spleen and prostate. To our knowledge this is the first case where ultrasonic colonoscope has been used to evaluate the body of the pancreas.