Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University, 1947. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-125). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis (B.A.)--Haverford College, Dept. of Philosophy, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Nurs.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1922. / "Author's abstract of this paper issued by the [Wistar institute] Bibliographic service, January 15." "Private edition, distributed by the University of Chicago libraries, Chicago, Illinois." "Reprinted from the American journal of anatomy, vol. xxxi, no. 3, January, 1923." "Literature cited": p. 251-252. Also available on the Internet.

This thesis is focussed on developing new methods and outcomes to assess respiratory function that require little or no volitional effort on behalf of the participants being tested. Specifically to attempt to detach the behaviour of the patient from the accuracy of the test of respiratory function, resulting in techniques that are simpler and easier to administer and undertake for both assessor and participant. It aims to develop methods that reduce the involvement of the participant during assessment of respiratory function. The human body’s way of controlling respiration has evolved into a sophisticated system that optimises breathing pattern to maintain the most efficient homeostatic action of the respiratory system. Eliciting and assessing this automatic response is the key to removing the action of participation from respiratory functiontesting. The focus must therefore be on developing non-invasive, sub-maximal techniques that allow participants to enter into a steady state of respiration and how this can be assessed. Two techniques were investigated; Respiratory Endurance (as the inspiratory work of breathing) and Tidal Breathing Flow Profile, and these were successfully applied in 99 adult participants (68 healthy controls and 31 COPD patients) and 75 children (48 clinical group and 27 healthy controls) who completed 467 respiratory endurance trials whilst seated and exercising, and 249 relaxed tidal breathing trials. The difficulties with lung function assessment are well established and have been described in this thesis. Much recent emphasis has been put on developing existing devices and protocols rather than developing new techniques and approaching these difficulties from alternative viewpoints. This thesis has described the development of innovative techniques to assess the function of the respiratory systems that aim to overcome the issues associated with maximal testing. It was shown that these techniques are easy to undertake for a range of participants, simple to analyse and are able to reliably differentiate between health and disease, suggesting that they could become a useful adjunct to existing methods of respiratory assessment.

The sensory organs in the transverse grooves of the dorsal labium of the water bug, Cenocorixa bifida, (Hungerford) (Hemiptera) were studied with the electron microscope. It was found that each sense organ is supplied by a single, bipolar neuron, which, together with its sheath cell, forms a sensory unit. The dendrite of the neuron is modified into various structures along its length; it has a root system, two basal bodies, and an axial filament complex. These structures are characteristic of many mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in insects. The sheath cell surrounding the dendrite possesses many characteristic fine structures, such as the desmosomes and the microtubules. According to their ultrastructure and their location near the mouth opening, it is most likely that these sensory organs are chemoreceptors. The significance of the presence of the ciliary regions in the dendrites of these organs is suggested to be related to the regeneration of the distal portion of the dendrite which may be torn off during the process of moulting. The axial filament complex may also serve as an internal support in the dendrite. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The paired preputial glands of the albino mouse, Mus musculus, (Swiss strain) were studied with regard to histology, physiology and basic histochemistry. For the histological study of the development and subsequent aging of the preputial gland, the glands of male and female mice of different ages, ranging from newborn to 12 months old, were used. In order to study the effects of androgens and estrogens upon the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the preputial gland, white Swiss mice were divided into four major groups (according to age and status) each of which were, in turn, divided into subgroups a, b, c, and d for treatment; mice in subgroups a and b received daily subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate and of estradiol benzoate respectively; mice in subgroup creceived daily subcutaneous injections of the vehicle, sesame oil; mice in subgroup d served as controls. There were, of course, male and female mice in each grouping. Routine histochemical tests for lipids and proteins were carried out on the excised preputial glands of weanling and of young adult mice, of both sexes, in order to localize and to identify the secretory products of the acinar cells. Histologically and physiologically (in terms of response to androgens and estrogens) the preputial glands of the mouse are similar, in most respects, to those of the rat as described by other authors. However, there are apparent differences in the microscopic anatomy and in the histochemistry of these homologous organs; firstly, the presence of an intimate association of the mouse preputial gland with a central hair follicle which persists throughout the lifetime of the animal and which is not found in the rat gland; secondly, the absence of perinuclear proteinaceous granules in the acinar cells of the mouse preputial gland which are present in the acinar cells of the rat preputial gland, in addition to lipid droplets. Lipids, primarily in the form of droplets of neutral fats are, to my knowledge, the only secretory products of the mouse preputial gland. Developmentally, histologically, and histochemically, the preputial gland of the mouse is an excessively developed sebaceous gland and unlike the rat preputial gland which cannot be categorized so simply, belongs to the "monocrine" variety of holocrine gland. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

D.Phil. / Branchiuran crustaceans are fairly common parasites of freshwater fishes in Africa and are presently represented by not more than 200 described species belonging to four genera, namely: Argulus Miiller,1785; Dolops Audouin,1837; Chonopeltis Thiele,1900; and Dipteropeltis Calman,1912. Chonopeltis is, however, the only one of these genera which is endemic to Africa and species of this genus have been reported from a number of different freshwater fish hosts and localities throughout the Ethiopic region. Although 13 species of Chonopeltis have hitherto been described, lack of morphological detail and morphometric data in taxonomic and subsequent descriptions, has led to confusion and much controversy as to, for instance, the phylogenetic origin, identity and function of various structures. Consequently, the validity of the taxonomic identity or status and affinities of the various species are questionable. Lack of important morphological information has also caused a considerable number of gaps and deficiencies in our present understanding of various aspects of ecological and pathogenetic significance. In the present study, a comprehensive investigation on various aspects of the morphology, anatomy and histology of adult Chonopeltis specimens was conducted, using not only light microscopy, but also scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histological microtomizing and staining techniques and graphic reconstruction. This investigation is based on several specimens of Chonopeltis victori Avenant-Oldewage,1991 collected during surveys of freshwater fish parasites in 1990 and 1991 from four different fish hosts, namely: Labeo rosae S teindachner,1894; L. congoro Peters, 1852; L. ruddi Boulenger,1907 ; and Barbus marequensis A. Smith,1841, sampled at various localities in the Olifants River in the Kruger National Park, as well as several C. australis Boxshal1,1976 specimens found on L. capensis (A. Smith,1841) and L. umbratus (A. Smith,1841), sampled in Boskop Dam near Potchefstroom. By making use of the mentioned methods of investigation a more complete and reliable morphological description of the distinctive external structures, as well as the internal structures of the cephalic shield alae and especially the reproductive system of these parasites could be given. With the aid of semi-thin (2am) serial sections and graphic reconstruction the various components of the reproductive systems could clearly be identified and the mutual relations and histomorphology of these components be described, discussed and compared with those of other members of the Branchiura. In an attempt to determine the true taxonomic position and relationships of the recognised species of Chonopeltis, the original descriptions, morphometric data, geographical distribution, hosts and affinities are compared, summarised and discussed. The results of the present study reveal a horseshoe-shaped furrow dorsally that separates the alae from the cephalon. Ventrally the frontal ala contains two marginal chitinous grooves and four sclerotized ridges which support the frontal ala. Two pairs of dorso-ventrally orientated muscles account for the movements of the frontal ala, whilst the movements of each lateral ala are controlled by a pair of transverse muscles and some longitudinal muscles. The lateral alae appear to represent the fused pleurae of the cephalic segments. The male reproductive tract consists of paired testes, vasa efferentia, vasa deferentia, ejaculatory ducts and prostate complex as well as a single median seminal vesicle and a genital atrium. Several prominent secondary sexual structures occur on the four pairs of thoracopods. The mechanism of sperm transfer presumably involves a process during which the two female spermathecal spines, being inserted into the male genital atrium, penetrate the walls of the respective ejaculatory ducts whereafter semen is actively pumped into the spermathecal vesicles. The female reproductive tract consists of a single large ovary, two anteriorly fused oviducts of which only one is functional, a genital atrium, a single median genital aperture and a crescent-shaped fertilization chamber. The paired spermathecae, each consisting of a spermathecal vesicle, duct and spine, is located separately in the abdomen and are of considerable significance during sperm transfer from the male as well as during oviposition when stored semen is presumably injected into the yet uninseminated ova. Finally, aspects on the ecology of C. victori concerning the reproductive cycle, life cycle, and epidemiology are investigated, compared and discussed.

No description available.

No description available.