Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosEMJ_TESE.pdf: 1404904 bytes, checksum: 3029c558b265d6dfdac69a6fac1ef20c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-24 / An evaluation project was conducted on the technique of treatment for effluent oil which is the deriving process to improve cashews. During the evaluation the following techniques were developed: advanced processes of humid oxidation, oxidative processes, processes of biological treatment and processes of adsorption. The assays had been carried through in kinetic models, with an evaluation of the quality of the process by means of determining the chemical demand of oxygen (defined as a technique of control by means of comparative study between the available techniques). The results demonstrated that the natural biodegradation of the effluent ones is limited, as result using the present natural flora in the effluent one revealed impracticable for an application in the industrial systems, independent of the evaluation environment (with or without the oxygen presence). The job of specific microorganisms for the oily composite degradation developed the viability technique of this route, the acceptable levels of inclusion in effluent system of treatment of the improvement of the cashew being highly good with reasonable levels of removal of CDO. However, the use combined with other techniques of daily pay-treatment for these effluent ones revealed to still be more efficient for the context of the treatment of effluent and discarding in receiving bodies in acceptable standards for resolution CONAMA 357/2005. While the significant generation of solid residues the process of adsorption with agroindustrial residues (in special the chitosan) is a technical viable alternative, however, when applied only for the treatment of the effluent ones for discarding in bodies of water, the economic viability is harmed and minimized ambient profits. Though, it was proven that if used for ends of I reuse, the viability is equalized and justifies the investments. There was a study of the photochemistry process which have are applicable to the treatment of the effluent ones, having resulted more satisfactory than those gotten for the UV-Peroxide techniques. There was different result on the one waited for the use of catalyses used in the process of Photo. The catalyses contained the mixing oxide base of Cerium and Manganese, incorporated of Potassium promoters this had presented the best results in the decomposition of the involved pollutants. Having itself an agreed form the gotten photochemistry daily paytreatment resulted, then after disinfection with chlorine the characteristics next the portability to the water were guarantee. The job of the humid oxidation presented significant results in the removal of pollutants; however, its high cost alone is made possible for job in projects of reuses, areas of low scarcity and of raised costs with the capitation/acquisition of the water, in special, for use for industrial and potable use. The route with better economic conditions and techniques for the job in the treatment of the effluent ones of the improvement of the cashew possesses the sequence to follow: conventional process of separation water-oil, photochemistry process and finally, the complementary biological treatment / Neste trabalho foram avaliadas t?cnicas de tratamento para os efluentes oleosos oriundos do processo de beneficiamento da castanha de caju. As t?cnicas avaliadas foram: processos de oxida??o ?mida, processos oxidativos avan?ados, processos de tratamento biol?gico e processos de adsor??o. Os ensaios foram realizados com propostas de modelos cin?ticos, com monitoramento da qualidade dos processos por meio da determina??o da demanda qu?mica de oxig?nio (definida como t?cnica de controle por meio de estudo comparativo entre as t?cnicas dispon?veis). Os resultados demonstram que a biodegrada??o natural dos efluentes ? limitada, e os resultados utilizando da flora natural presente no efluente mostrou-se invi?vel para aplica??o em sistemas industriais, independente do ambiente de avalia??o (com ou sem a presen?a de oxig?nio). O emprego de microorganismos espec?ficos para a degrada??o de compostos oleosos incrementou a viabilidade t?cnica dessa rota,em n?veis adequados para aplica??o em sistemas de tratamento de efluentes do beneficiamento da castanha, tendo-se uma boa expressividade, com remo??o da DQO. Por?m, o uso combinado com outras t?cnicas de pr?-tratamento para esses efluentes mostrou-se ainda mais eficiente para o contexto do tratamento de efluentes e descarte em corpos receptores dentro dos padr?es preconizados pela resolu??o CONAMA 357/2005. Apesar da gera??o significativa de res?duos s?lidos, o emprego do processo de adsor??o com res?duos agroindustriais (em especial a quitosana) ? uma alternativa tecnicamente vi?vel, por?m, quando aplicada apenas para o tratamento dos efluentes para o descarte em corpos d ?gua, a viabilidade econ?mica ? prejudicada e os ganhos ambientais minimizados. Por?m, foi comprovado que se utilizado para fins de reuso, a viabilidade ? equiparada e justifica os investimentos. Os processos fotoqu?micos s?o aplic?veis ao tratamento dos efluentes estudados, tendo-se como resultados mais satisfat?rios aqueles obtidos para as t?cnicas de UV-Per?xido. Sendo o resultado diferente do esperado pela utiliza??o de catalisadores usados no processo de Foto-Fenton. Os catalisadores a base de ?xido misto de C?rio e Mangan?s, incorporado de promotores de Pot?ssio, apresentaram os melhores resultados na decomposi??o dos poluentes envolvidos. Os resultados obtidos de forma combinada ao pr?-tratamento fotoqu?mico, ap?s desinfec??o com cloro, garantem caracter?sticas pr?ximas a potabilidade da ?gua. O emprego da oxida??o ?mida apresenta resultados muito significativos na remo??o de poluentes, entretanto, o seu alto custo s? ? viabilizado para emprego em projetos de reuso, em ?reas de baixa escassez e de elevados custos com a capta??o/aquisi??o da ?gua, em especial, para utiliza??o para uso industrial e pot?vel. A rota com melhores condi??es econ?micas e t?cnicas para o emprego no tratamento dos efluentes do beneficiamento da castanha de caju, possui a seq??ncia a seguir: processo convencional de separa??o ?gua-?leo, processo fotoqu?mico e por fim, o tratamento biol?gico complementar