Fenn, Dickson. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-81). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Title Page --- p.i / Thesis Committee --- p.ii / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Tables --- p.ix / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Abbreviations and Symbols --- p.xv / Abstract --- p.xvii / Chapter 1.Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Oxidation and Hyperoxidation of Guanine --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2. --- DNA Replication --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Mutagenesis --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Literature Survey on Spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) --- p.4 / Chapter 1.5 --- Purpose of This Work --- p.5 / Chapter 1.6 --- DNA Structure --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Nomenclature --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Torsion Angles --- p.6 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Sugar Pucker Conformation --- p.7 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Secondary Structures of DNA --- p.8 / Chapter 2.Chapter Two: --- Materials and Methodology --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- Sample Design --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sample Preparation --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- DNA Synthesis and Purification --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- HPLC Separation --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- NMR Samples Preparation --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3 --- NMR Analysis --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Resonance Assignment --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Proton --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Phosphorous --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Sugar Pucker Conformation --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Backbone Conformation --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4 --- UV Melting Analysis --- p.19 / Chapter 3.Chapter Three: --- "HPLC, NMR and UV Results" --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1 --- HPLC Separation of Sp Diastereoisomers --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- NMR Resonance Assignments --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 5'-GG Sample --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 5'-G(oG) Sample --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- 5'-G(Sp) Sample --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- 5'-T(oG) Sample --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- 5'-T(Sp) Sample --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3 --- Sugar Pucker Conformation --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4 --- Backbone Conformation --- p.41 / Chapter 3.5 --- UV Melting --- p.43 / Chapter 4.Chapter Four: --- Effect of Spiroiminodihydantoin and 7-hydro-8-oxoguanine on Primer-Template Structures --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.42 / Chapter 4.2 --- NMR Investigations of the Primer-Template Models --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Incorporation of a dCTP Opposite a 5'-GG Template --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Incorporation of a dCTP Opposite a 5'-G(oG) Template --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Incorporation of a dCTP Opposite a 5'-G(Sp) Template --- p.48 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Incorporation of a dATP Opposite a 5'-T(oG) Template --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Incorporation of a dATP Opposite a 5'-T(Sp) Template --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3 --- Effect of Sp and oG on Primer-Template Structures --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Misaligned Structure with a Sp-Bulge --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- C·oG Base Pair in 5'-G(oG) --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Biological Implications --- p.54 / Chapter 5. --- Chapter Five: Preliminary Structural Calculations on Primer- Template Structures --- p.56 / Chapter 5.1 --- Experimental Restraints Extraction --- p.56 / Chapter 5.2 --- Experimental Restraints Distribution --- p.58 / Chapter 5.3 --- Structural Calculations --- p.60 / Chapter 5.4 --- Structural Results --- p.62 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- 5'-GG --- p.63 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- 5'-G(oG) --- p.64 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- 5'-T(oG) --- p.65 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- 5'-T(SpR) with 5'-T(Spl) Restraints --- p.66 / Chapter 5.4.5 --- 5'-T(SpR) with 5'-T(Sp2) Restraints --- p.67 / Chapter 5.4.6 --- 5'-T(SpS) with 5'-T(Spl) Restraints --- p.68 / Chapter 5.4.7 --- 5'-T(SpS) with 5'-T(Sp2) Restraints --- p.69 / Chapter 5.6 --- Structural Analysis --- p.70 / Chapter 6. --- Chapter Six: Conclusions and Future Work --- p.72 / Appendix --- p.73 / References --- p.74