This master's thesis deals with the study of the reactions of the ozone and oxygen with various construction materials. Ozone as an unstable gas tends to decompose spontaneously and this process can be accelerated by reaction with other substances. The aim of this work is to determine the course of ozone's formation and its depletion in after the contact with various substances. Ozone is widely used mainly due to its disinfecting effects. Therefore, the monitoring of these reactions is beneficial for the choosing of ozonizer's material or its accessories. The theoretical part of this work describes the important properties of the ozone, the possibilities of using this gas, various methods of its generation, the influence of gas admixtures and a temperature on its generation and decomposition, the methods of determining the concentration and surface reaction. The dependence of ozone's formation on the size of the reaction space was monitored for either the silicone and Teflon material in the experimental part of the thesis. The length of the hoses was 20-50 cm and the diameter of the inner space was 6 mm for Teflon and 7,99 mm for a silicone. Furthermore, other experiments were performed for the silicone material, where the formation of the ozone was monitored while the oxygen and argon were being used as working gases. The formation and the depletion of the ozone depending on the changes of reaction time were investigated in the third series of experiments. We worked with a ceramic material with two different inner diameters and also with a brass and a stainless steel material in this experiment. The materials were constructed as the tubes of the same length of 54 cm. The ozone generated from the oxygen was enclosed into the reaction tube and the depletion was monitored. The last experiment was focused on the monitoring of the course of ozone's formation in a quartz cuvette influenced by the reaction time and the composition of the working gas. The amount of generated ozone was determined by absorption spectrometry in the all studied cases. The ozone flowing through the system was adsorbed by the surface of the material during the discharge. A mixture of gases (the adsorbed ozone, the oxygen and the argon in various ratios) was present in the sealed reaction space. The Ozone was formed on the surface of the material. The adsorbed ozone decomposed into a molecular and an atomic oxygen. The atomic oxygen reacted with the oxygen molecule occurring in the reaction space. The reaction time leading to the biggest obtained concentration of generated ozone was determined by the experimental data. For most of the materials, the reaction time was about 6 minutes.

Este trabalho traz como contribuição o início sistemático de estudos para o projeto e execução de ozonizadores dedicados a estações de tratamento de água e esgotos domésticos com tecnologia totalmente nacional. O objetivo é desenvolver um sistema que apresente custo reduzido de fabricação, implantação, manutenção e também boa eficiência na produção de ozônio. Equipamentos auxiliares para bombeamento e tratamento do ar não são necessários, além de ser possível a ampliação do sistema. Devido ao caráter multidisciplinar, este trabalho aborda a problemática da geração de subprodutos danosos ao homem e ao meio ambiente pelo uso de desinfetantes tradicionais, bem como um processo alternativo de tratamento pelo emprego do ozônio. Após descrever os fenômenos físicos envolvidos no método das descargas corona, um tratamento matemático apresenta elementos para o projeto ótimo deste sistema. Contudo, para viabilizar o uso de materiais disponíveis no mercado, os valores adotados nos arranjos iniciais seguiram aproximadamente estas indicações. Os ensaios foram realizados e a produção de ozônio foi obtida por titulação iodométrica. Os primeiros resultados foram tabulados e comparados com valores informados pelos equipamentos de mercado. Sugestões de implantação em campo para trabalhos futuros são apresentadas. / Studies for the project and execution of ozonizers dedicated to the wastewater and water treatment with total national technology were presented. The aim of this work consists of developing a system which minimize the manufacturing process, implementation and maintenance costs and also improves the ozone production efficiency. Accessory pumping equipments has been eliminated with the use of Venture\'s system to inject the ozone in liquid and air treatment has not been used to reduce costs. While this system loses efficiency with air no treatable, it allows a parallel and serial set-up to improve its performance. To support this work, an extended bibliographical analyzes has been carried out, which due to its multidiscipline characteristic was separated into studies of the traditional disinfectant procedures, alternative ozone treatment and, the physical corona discharges phenomena. The two prototypes were developed and, their obtained with the iodometric titration method, was also compared with those of market equipments. These preliminary comparisons have shown that these prototypes have a good performance inclusive with one of them having an ozone production superior than one of market equipments. Suggestions of implantation in field and other improvements for future work are also presented.

Este trabalho traz como contribuição o início sistemático de estudos para o projeto e execução de ozonizadores dedicados a estações de tratamento de água e esgotos domésticos com tecnologia totalmente nacional. O objetivo é desenvolver um sistema que apresente custo reduzido de fabricação, implantação, manutenção e também boa eficiência na produção de ozônio. Equipamentos auxiliares para bombeamento e tratamento do ar não são necessários, além de ser possível a ampliação do sistema. Devido ao caráter multidisciplinar, este trabalho aborda a problemática da geração de subprodutos danosos ao homem e ao meio ambiente pelo uso de desinfetantes tradicionais, bem como um processo alternativo de tratamento pelo emprego do ozônio. Após descrever os fenômenos físicos envolvidos no método das descargas corona, um tratamento matemático apresenta elementos para o projeto ótimo deste sistema. Contudo, para viabilizar o uso de materiais disponíveis no mercado, os valores adotados nos arranjos iniciais seguiram aproximadamente estas indicações. Os ensaios foram realizados e a produção de ozônio foi obtida por titulação iodométrica. Os primeiros resultados foram tabulados e comparados com valores informados pelos equipamentos de mercado. Sugestões de implantação em campo para trabalhos futuros são apresentadas. / Studies for the project and execution of ozonizers dedicated to the wastewater and water treatment with total national technology were presented. The aim of this work consists of developing a system which minimize the manufacturing process, implementation and maintenance costs and also improves the ozone production efficiency. Accessory pumping equipments has been eliminated with the use of Venture\'s system to inject the ozone in liquid and air treatment has not been used to reduce costs. While this system loses efficiency with air no treatable, it allows a parallel and serial set-up to improve its performance. To support this work, an extended bibliographical analyzes has been carried out, which due to its multidiscipline characteristic was separated into studies of the traditional disinfectant procedures, alternative ozone treatment and, the physical corona discharges phenomena. The two prototypes were developed and, their obtained with the iodometric titration method, was also compared with those of market equipments. These preliminary comparisons have shown that these prototypes have a good performance inclusive with one of them having an ozone production superior than one of market equipments. Suggestions of implantation in field and other improvements for future work are also presented.

This master’s thesis is focused on a study of temperature influence on ozone generation and decomposition by chosen solid surfaces. Ozone is unstable gas that is decomposed spontaneously. This decomposition can be accelerated by various factors such as increase in temperature or reaction with other substances. The aim of this study is to determinate how fast the ozone decomposition proceeds at different temperatures and how the homogenous decomposition of ozone is accelerated by heterogeneous processes on the walls of solid materials. Currently in practise ozone is used in many areas and the finding of the rate of its decomposition can help to increase efficiency of its production and subsequent specific applications. In the theoretical part of the thesis, these points are described: important properties of ozone, possibilities of its utilization, the ozone generation, some methods of determination of the ozone concentration, ozone relationship to various solid surfaces and present theoretical knowledge about the effect of temperature on the ozone generation and decomposition. In the experimental part, the rate of the ozone decomposition in reaction tubes made of copper and iron of two different surface to volume ratios was investigated at temperatures of 10, 25, 40, 55, 70 and 85 °C. Ozone generated from oxygen was closed in the reaction tube and the decrease of its concentration during the time was observed by absorption spectroscopy. From obtained exponential dependencies, the rate constants at different conditions of this experiment were evaluated. The rate of ozone decomposition significantly increased with higher temperature. The fastest ozone decomposition took place in the iron tube of larger inner diameter (8 mm).

Orientador: Carlos Alberto Canesin / Resumo: No presente trabalho de dissertação, é analisado e desenvolvido um conversor ressonante com o objetivo de produzir ozônio, aplicado à água de processos de higienização industrial. Na atualidade, no ano de 2018, dois dos fatores de grande importância no desenvolvimento de conversores para geração de ozônio são: a eficiência energética, isto é, quanta energia é aproveitada em relação à energia total fornecida ao conversor, e a outra é a produção de ozônio fazendo uso dessa energia aproveitada. Os dois fatores não necessariamente estão relacionados, por exemplo, para dois conversores distintos com a mesma energia disponível, pode acontecer que em um deles possa ser produzido maiores concentrações de ozônio com um menor aproveitamento de energia. Portanto, este trabalho enfatiza a melhoria da eficiência energética na produção de ozônio, empregando comutação suave nas estruturas envolvidas do conversor ressonante proposto, o que resulta em uma eficiência energética de 91,57%. A estrutura do conversor proposto apresenta dois estágios em cascata, o primeiro deles, um conversor que é responsável por gerar um barramento CC estável de 400,5 V e que atende aos requisitos de fator de potência e distorção harmônica total com valores de 0,994 e 5,79%(para a corrente de entrada), respectivamente, e o segundo, um inversor ressonante capaz de fornecer uma tensão de 4,4 kV com uma frequência de 10 kHz que atua como fonte de alimentação de um reator conformado por câmaras de descarga usadas em ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the present dissertation, it is studied and developed a resonant converter in order to produce ozone, applied in water treatment for cleaning processes. Currently, in the year 2018, two of the factors of great importance in the development of converters for ozone generation are: energy efficiency, that is, how much energy is used in relation to the total energy supplied to the converter, and the other is the production of ozone making use of this energy harnessed. The two factors are not necessarily related, for example, for two different converters with the same energy available, it can happen that in one of them can be produced higher concentrations of ozone with a lower use of energy. Therefore, this work emphasizes the improvement of energy efficiency in the production of ozone using soft switching in the involved structures of the proposed resonant converter, which results in an energy efficiency of 91.57%. The structure of the proposed converter has two stages in cascade, the first one, a converter that is responsible for generating a stable DC bus of 400.5 V and that meets the requirements of power factor and total harmonic distortion with values of 0.994 and 5.79% (for the input current), respectively, and the second, a resonant inverter capable of providing a voltage of 4.4 kV with a frequency of 10 kHz which acts as a power supply for a reactor formed by discharge chambers used in ozone generation applications by electric discharge. Naturally, relevant ozone info... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre