Structural and petrophysical analysis have been conducted within the Melechov massif with focus on structures controlling the porosity, permeability and thermal conductivity of the rock. The structure of the massif has been constrained based on extensive dataset including AMS and field structural measurements of ductile and brittle structures. Maps and stereograms have been constructed to display the magnetic fabrics and the fracture system of the studied massif. The fracture system of the massif has been described by two principal and two supplementary sets of joints and by faults formed mainly by joint reactivation or less frequently formed as shear fractures. The measured petrophysical data have been used to characterize the effect of fracturing and alteration on pore space geometry and in turn on permeability, thermal conductivity and elastic properties of the studied granite. Distinct petrophysical properties have been identified for pristine granite, for fractured fresh granite as well as for fractured granite altered by Fe-oxide, chlorite and clay minerals. Relations between the measured petrophysical properties have been explained in terms of evolution of the rock pore space. A detailed microstructural study combined with multidirectional P-wave velocity measurements at high confining pressure and...

Abstract The crustal and upper mantle structures of the Shield on the regional scale were investigated using the data of the POLENET/LAPNET passive seismic array and the previously published models of active and passive seismic experiments in the study area. This area is centred in northern Finland and it extends to surrounding areas in Sweden, Norway and northwestern Russia. The bedrock there is mostly of the Archaean origin and the lithosphere of the region was reworked by two orogenies during Palaeoproterozoic. One of the results of the thesis was a new map of the Moho depth of the study area, for which new estimates of the crustal thickness were obtained using receiver function method and complemented by published results of receiver function studies and controlled source seismic profiles. The map differs from the previously published maps in two locations, where we found significant deepening of the Moho. The 3D structure of the upper mantle was studied using teleseismic traveltime tomography method. The resulting model shows high seismic velocities below three cratonic units of the study area, which may correspond to non-reworked fragments of cratonic lithosphere and a low velocity anomaly separating these cratonic units from each other. The regional scale studies were complemented by two smaller scale studies in upper crust level using combined interpretation of seismic profiling and gravity data. These studies were centred on Archaean Kuhmo Greenstone Belt in eastern Finland and central Lapland in northern Finland located in the crust reworked during Palaeoproterozoic. Both areas are considered as prospective ones for mineral exploration. Both studies demonstrate the advantage of gravity data inversion in studying 3D density structure of geologically interesting formations, when the Bouguer anomaly data is combined with a priori information from petrophysical and seismic datasets.

Le but de ce travail est de comprendre les relations entre la déformation et la diagenèse dans les carbonates. Pour cela, l’échelle du m au dam est adéquate car elle permet de séparer les effets matriciels, des fractures et des failles. Celle-ci est sous la résolution de la sismique, donc peu de données géophysiques et diagénétiques spatiale et quantitatives sont disponibles, le plus souvent limitées aux données 1D de puit.Nous avons choisi 4 affleurements présentant des hétérogénéités et des intensités de déformation et de diagenèse diverses. Un protocole multi-échelle et multidisciplinaire a été développé, comprenant de la géophysique à l’échelle du cm au dam, de la diagenèse structurale et de la géochimie sur les ciments de fracture. Nous montrons un fort effet d’échelle entre les Vp en laboratoire et à l’affleurement dû à des hétérogénéités sédimentaire, d’enfouissement et structurale, qui conduisent à différents motifs géostatistiques.Les fractures ont l’effet le plus fort sur les Vp, modulé par leur cimentation, et qui peut entièrement effacer la signature initiale du faciès. La réactivation des fractures induit une anisotropie directionnelle de 10% due à des changements dans le remplissage des fractures, caractérisés par de multiples phases de cimentation, broyage et dissolution.Dans les zones de faille, l’anisotropie sismique est amplifiée, conduisant à un fort affaiblissement de la roche au cisaillement et à une diminution de Vp autour de la faille. Les données géochimiques tracent plusieurs flux de fluides diagénétiques et soulignent les fortes interactions entre l’évolution de la perméabilité, la diagenèse structurale et la signature géophysique des carbonates. / The aim of this work was to understand the relationships between deformations and diagenesis in carbonates. The relevant scale to study it may be the m to dkm scale which allows individualizing fracture, fault and matrix effects. This scale is under the seismic resolution, so few quantitative diagenetic and geophysical spatial data are available, mainly constrained to 1D borehole.Therefore, we selected 4 dkm scale outcrops displaying various heterogeneities and intensities of deformation and diagenesis. We developed a multidisciplinary/multiscale protocol including geophysics from cm to dkm scale along with structural diagenesis study and geochemical measurements on fractures cements. We found a strong scale effect between laboratory and outcrop Vp due to sedimentary, burial and structural heterogeneities that lead to different geostatistical patterns. Fractures have the strongest effect on Vp, being modulated by their cementation and can erase the initial facies acoustic signature. The fracture reactivation induce a 10% Vp directional anisotropy due to microscale changes in the fractures infillings characterized by multiple cementation, crushing and dissolution phases. In fault-zones the seismic anisotropy magnitude is amplified, leading to a strong directional rock shear weakening and a Vp decrease around the fault, caused by higher discontinuities aperture and brecciation. Geochemical data indicate that the Vp signature evolution is linked to different diagenetic fluids flow origins occurring during each deformation phase. This underlines the strong interplay between permeability evolution, structural diagenesis and geophysical signature in carbonates.

Submitted by Biblioteca de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica BGQ (bgq@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-11T16:44:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CRUZ, A. P. S..pdf: 23384634 bytes, checksum: b417fd0517bbafbf4617a53288a634f4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-11T16:44:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRUZ, A. P. S..pdf: 23384634 bytes, checksum: b417fd0517bbafbf4617a53288a634f4 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ / A análise conjugada das propriedades físicas dos se dimentos, como a velocidade da onda P, susceptibilidade magnética, porosidade e de nsidade gama, com propriedades geoquímicas como Carbono Orgânico Total e mineralog ia dos sedimentos proporciona uma melhor avaliação dos processos envolvidos, proveniê ncia e fluxo de material sedimentar, permitindo que as mudanças ambientais possam ser de finidas. Os parâmetros físicos além de serem capazes de quantificar a distribuição de espa ço entre os poros, indicam alterações pós- deposicionais. Dessa forma, este trabalho visa aval iar as inter-relações existentes entre parâmetros físicos de seções sedimentares para dete rminação da origem do fluxo de materiais ao longo da fácies de sedimentar depositado sobre a plataforma continental de Cabo Frio. Nesse sentido, pode-se notar que as variações de Vp estão ligadas ao tamanho do grão, assim como ao aumento no conteúdo orgânico e aumento no t eor de água nos sedimentos marinhos. Os valores de SM mostraram-se associados a assemblé ia mineralógica e ao teor de água dos testemunhos. Além disso, foi possível constatar que a valência dominante da razão Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ , foi o de Fe 3+ , que influenciou diretamente nos picos de SM. As p ropriedades físicas definiram seções nos diferentes box-core analisados, os quais o BCCF10-01, 04 e 09, apresentaram aumento de grãos finos, que pode estar relacionado a hidrodinâmica local, e/ou aumento de contribuição sedimentar alóctone entre 100 e 80 ano s AP. Além disso, a assembléia de minerais pesados indicou proveniência de rochas met amórficas derivadas de metassedimentos siliciclásticos, granitóides, rochas máficas e alca linas pertencentes a própria região de Cabo Frio e adjacências. Os maiores teores de minerais e ncontrados no BCCF10-01 e BCCF10-13, podem informar sobre a influência de correntes de f luxo oeste, proveniente da baía de Guanabara e de correntes de norte, provenientes dos rios São João e Paraíba do Sul como principais agentes de transporte dos particulados s edimentares e minerais para a fácies sedimentar de lama da plataforma de Cabo Frio. / The combined analysis of the physical properties of sediments, such as the P-wave velocity, magnetic susceptibility, porosity and gam ma-density, with geochemical properties such as Total Organic Carbon and mineralogy of sedi ments provides a better assessment of the processes involved, provenance and sedimentary material flow, allowing environmental changes can be defined. The physical parameters in addition to being able t o quantify the distribution of space between the pores also indica te pos-depositional changes. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the interrelations between p hysical parameters of sedimentary sections to determine the source of the material flow along the sedimentary faces deposited on the continental shelf of Cabo Frio. In this sense, it may be noted that variations in V p are clearly linked to the grain size, and an increase in organi c content and increased water content in marine sediments. The MS values were associated with the mineral asse mblage and water content of the cores. In addition, it determined th at the oxidation state of the dominant was Fe 3+ , which directly influenced the peaks of MS. Physical properties defined in the different sections analyzed box-core, which the BCCF10-01, 04 and 09, showed an increase of fine grains, which can be related to the local hydrodyna mic or increased allochthonous sediment contribution between 100 and 80 years BP. In addition, the heavy mineral assemblage indicated provenance of metamorphic rocks derived f rom siliciclastic metasediments, granitoids, mafic and alkaline rocks belonging to t he region of Cabo Frio and surrounding areas. The highest minerals content found in BCCF10-01 and BCCF10-13, can showed the influence of flow west currents, from the Guanabara Bay and currents of the north, from the São João and Paraiba do Sul rivers as the main carr iers of sedimentary particles and mineral from mud faces of the Cabo Frio Shelf.