This analysis provides a relative ranking of six Southern harvesting systems in terms of the costs, capitalization, and operational feasibility of incorporating a Trelan Model C-14 portable chipper or a residue baler to recover logging residues for fuel and fiber on three Southern stand types. The six systems were also considered under six cutting regimes to allow for the varying management objectives employed by woods managers in the South. The Harvesting Systems Simulator was used to perform the analyses. Data was collected from members of the American Pulpwood Association and equipment manufacturers in the South to use as input for the simulations. Each combination of system, stand, and regime was considered in terms of eight factors designed to express system performance. Results of the analysis indicated that logging residue recovery was economically feasible in many Southern harvesting systems. As long as conventional products are merchandized and the flow of those products through the harvesting system is not interrupted, residue recovery will be profitable on most southern stand types. Clearcutting fqr energy and thinning for energy were not economical on any stand due to the loss of revenues from conventional products. As woody fuel prices go up, this situation will change. Results· showed that the machine energy required to produce the residue energy was minimal for all systems on all stands and in all regimes. This indicates that residue recovery is not only economically feasible but energy efficient as well. / Master of Science

My portfolio consists of music compositions of various stylistic approaches and instrumentation. There are one music video, three film scores and nine concert works; of which multimedia works are listed first, and works are arranged according to the size of instrumentation. What connects the compositions is the evocative quality, atmospheric conception, and innovative blend of musical styles in film music that are integral to shaping my own personal style. While some compositions in this portfolio are actual film scores, others engender different atmospheres, or intend to capture different sceneries or feelings. / There are three film scores and a music video (a video will be tailor-made based on the music) in this portfolio. Depending on the nature of the films, varying types of musical languages have been used. The Boy who wears High Heels – a film based on a sensitive subject but turns out to be a touching story - is accompanied by music of elegance. Lyrical solo piano pieces, mostly in simple triple meter, are used to capture the inner voices of the characters in a short story about family in The Waltz. Static, atmospheric music with a focus on timbral differences is used to accompany Mong Kok II Purple — an almost surreal film that highlights the character’s emotional conflict. The music of Cinderella and the Happy Prince is inspired by the English romantic musicals. / While my film music centers on fitting music to the moving image, my concert music focuses on creating musical content from perspectives inspired by the film-scoring process. While both Stress and the City and The Light above the Leaves are written in an abstract Western musical language, the remaining compositions of this portfolio are highly influenced by ethnic music. In A Yearning for Peace and A Call in the Wilds, I have attempted to imitate the singing styles, as well as the timbre, phrasing, and playing techniques of various ethnic instruments on standard Western instruments, and within a Western contemporary musical environment. In Clouds in Twilight, Lament from the Forest II, Lost in the Desert, The White Wall and Whirling through the Dreams, many characteristics of ethnic music, Western traditional and contemporary music are so tightly integrated that it would be impossible to single each one out. / Through writing in different musical languages and for a variety of mediums, I have allowed myself to explore numerous compositional possibilities — such experiences have enabled me to challenge the existing instrumental writing techniques, phrase construction, and textural design among many other parameters. / 我的音樂作品集涵蓋了多種不同音樂風格及配器的作品，它們很大程度上受到電影音樂的影響，包括其以聲音製造氣氛、情景的手法及把不同類型的音樂風格相融合的創新嘗試。我的作品集包括了電影配樂和其他以音樂帶出氛圍、情景及感情的作品，它們揉合了不同類型的音樂元素 —如民族音樂、西方古典音樂 — 以表達樂曲不同的內容。 / 本作品集有三部電影配樂作品和一部音樂影片。我隨每一部影片的獨特本質選用了不同的音樂風格： 我以典雅為基調烘托題材敏感但卻感人至深的《穿高跟鞋的男生》；《圓舞曲》則主要以抒情的鋼琴獨奏表達角色的內心世界；而徘徊於寫實與虛幻的《旺角太紫》則以靜態、以音色變化為主的音樂烘托角色的內心掙扎。音樂影片《灰姑娘與快樂王子》的音樂則受到英國浪漫音樂劇的風格影響。 / 除了以上配合影片的音樂，作品集亦包括純音樂的作品。《壓力都市》和《綠蔭上的曙光》以較為抽象的當代西方音樂語言寫成，而其餘的作品則受到民族音樂影響而創作。我在《禱》和《野地的呼喚》中試圖以西方樂器模仿不同民族中聲樂、不同器樂的音色、句式和演奏技巧，並以當代西方音樂的思維加以處理。而在《暮雲》、《林裡的哀歌II》、《迷失曠野》、《白壁》和《夢行雲》中，西方古典音樂、當代西方音樂和民族音樂三者的音樂特色融而為一，密不可分。 / 我已透過不同風格的創作，挑戰了一貫的器樂寫作技巧、句式架構、織體設計等來探索作曲的無限可能性。 / Wong, Chun Wai. / Thesis D.Mus. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Abstracts also in Chinese; includes Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 06, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

As células trofoblásticas provenientes de cones ectoplacentários na fase de pós-implantação expressam as subunidades do complexo NAD(P)H-oxidase de membrana p22-phox, gp91-phox, p47-phox, p40-phox, p67-phox e Rac1 previamente descritas em fagócitos e envolvidas com a atividade fagocitária destas células. Ocorre modulação da expressão das subunidades do complexo enzimático NAD(P)H-oxidase sob o estímulo com PMA, agente capaz de fosforilar a subunidade p47-phox e ativar esta enzima em fagócitos profissionais. Nossos ensaios experimentais indicam que as células trofoblásticas são capazes de gerar espécies reativas de oxigênio dependente da atividade do complexo NAD(P)H-oxidase de membrana de baixa intensidade quando não estimuladas e de forma muito mais intensa quando estimuladas pelo PMA. As características de expressão e atividade do complexo enzimático NAD(P)H-oxidase de membrana encontradas neste estudo sugerem que esta enzima é semelhante a encontrada em outros fagócitos e, desta forma possa talvez estar também envolvida com processos de defesa da interface materno-fetal. / In macrophages and neutrophils, the activation of the phagocytosis is defined by the acquisition of competence for microbicide, tumoricide and cytolytic functions resultant of generation and release of oxygen reactive species, besides the phagocytic process per se. Like these phagocytes, trophoblast cells in many species are also phagocytic. This cellular population involves completely the embryo and exhibits different and specific characteristics along the gestation. In rodents and primates, these cells are strategically positioned between maternal and fetal circulation and exhibit invasive and phagocytic activity, respectively responsible for anchorage of the embryo into the endometrium and uptake of an adequate nutritional supply for the embryo development. In rodents, these activities present a maximum degree during the implantation period, gradually declining, as the placenta develops. In the presence of strange particles at the maternal-placental interface, however, this process can be reactivated and, in this case, may be related to defense\'s mechanisms. Previous studies performed in our laboratory showed the potential of the trophoblast in producing and releasing reactive species of oxygen/nitrogen, in a very similar manner to that observed in macrophages and neutrophils. The production of such molecules is associated to different enzymes, but the localization of hydrogen peroxide on trophoblast cell surface has suggested a NAD(P)H-oxidase activity. NAD(P)H-oxidase is formed by the cytochrome b558 associated to the cellular membrane (subunits p22-phox + gp91-phox), the cytosolic subunits p47-phox, p67-phox and p40phox and, the GTPases Rac1 and Rac2 in an electron generator system that uses NADH or NADPH as substratum. Once activated, the enzymatic complex is responsible for the electron inflow to the molecular oxygen, yields superoxide anion. Thus, based on the literature and results previously obtained by our group, this study analyzed the protein and gene expression of the NAD(P)H-oxidase complex subunits respectively by immunolocalization and Westernblotting and rt-PCR, in the mouse trophoblast stimulated with PMA. Rt-PCR semi-quantitative analyses showed increase expression of the subunits p22-phox, gp91-phox, p47-phox, p67-phox, p40phox and Rac1 in PMA-treated in comparison with non treated ectoplacental cones. The expression of the subunits gp91-phox, p47-phox and p67-phox were confirmed by Western blotting and, like gene expression also increased in the presence of PMA. These subunits were mostly located in the trophoblast giant cell population, associated to the phagocytic process at the maternal-placental interface. Increased expression of such subunits may be related to an increase in the NAD(P)H-oxidase activity. To analyze this possibility and to determine the role played by NAD(P)H-oxidase activity in the reactive oxygen species produced by trophoblast cells, cellular assays were performed using the oxyethidium fluorescence, a product of dihydroethidium oxidation by superoxide anion. Thus, under PMA stimulus and antimycin A that blocks the mitochondrial NAD(P)H-oxidase activity and, apocynin and allopurinol, respectively blocking the membrane NAD(P)H-oxidase and xhantine oxidase and, still, using specific superoxide and hydrogen peroxide scavengers (superoxide dismutase enzyme and catalase) we showed the generation of reactive species of oxygen-NAD(P)H-oxidase dependent by trophoblast cells, mostly when stimulated. These results come to add important information about the potential of the trophoblast in producing reactive species at the maternal-fetal interface and, open a new investigation interest on the NADPH-oxidase regulatory processes and its involvement in defense functions of the embryo in both healthy and pathological processes that can determine the failure of the gestation.

As células trofoblásticas provenientes de cones ectoplacentários na fase de pós-implantação expressam as subunidades do complexo NAD(P)H-oxidase de membrana p22-phox, gp91-phox, p47-phox, p40-phox, p67-phox e Rac1 previamente descritas em fagócitos e envolvidas com a atividade fagocitária destas células. Ocorre modulação da expressão das subunidades do complexo enzimático NAD(P)H-oxidase sob o estímulo com PMA, agente capaz de fosforilar a subunidade p47-phox e ativar esta enzima em fagócitos profissionais. Nossos ensaios experimentais indicam que as células trofoblásticas são capazes de gerar espécies reativas de oxigênio dependente da atividade do complexo NAD(P)H-oxidase de membrana de baixa intensidade quando não estimuladas e de forma muito mais intensa quando estimuladas pelo PMA. As características de expressão e atividade do complexo enzimático NAD(P)H-oxidase de membrana encontradas neste estudo sugerem que esta enzima é semelhante a encontrada em outros fagócitos e, desta forma possa talvez estar também envolvida com processos de defesa da interface materno-fetal. / In macrophages and neutrophils, the activation of the phagocytosis is defined by the acquisition of competence for microbicide, tumoricide and cytolytic functions resultant of generation and release of oxygen reactive species, besides the phagocytic process per se. Like these phagocytes, trophoblast cells in many species are also phagocytic. This cellular population involves completely the embryo and exhibits different and specific characteristics along the gestation. In rodents and primates, these cells are strategically positioned between maternal and fetal circulation and exhibit invasive and phagocytic activity, respectively responsible for anchorage of the embryo into the endometrium and uptake of an adequate nutritional supply for the embryo development. In rodents, these activities present a maximum degree during the implantation period, gradually declining, as the placenta develops. In the presence of strange particles at the maternal-placental interface, however, this process can be reactivated and, in this case, may be related to defense\'s mechanisms. Previous studies performed in our laboratory showed the potential of the trophoblast in producing and releasing reactive species of oxygen/nitrogen, in a very similar manner to that observed in macrophages and neutrophils. The production of such molecules is associated to different enzymes, but the localization of hydrogen peroxide on trophoblast cell surface has suggested a NAD(P)H-oxidase activity. NAD(P)H-oxidase is formed by the cytochrome b558 associated to the cellular membrane (subunits p22-phox + gp91-phox), the cytosolic subunits p47-phox, p67-phox and p40phox and, the GTPases Rac1 and Rac2 in an electron generator system that uses NADH or NADPH as substratum. Once activated, the enzymatic complex is responsible for the electron inflow to the molecular oxygen, yields superoxide anion. Thus, based on the literature and results previously obtained by our group, this study analyzed the protein and gene expression of the NAD(P)H-oxidase complex subunits respectively by immunolocalization and Westernblotting and rt-PCR, in the mouse trophoblast stimulated with PMA. Rt-PCR semi-quantitative analyses showed increase expression of the subunits p22-phox, gp91-phox, p47-phox, p67-phox, p40phox and Rac1 in PMA-treated in comparison with non treated ectoplacental cones. The expression of the subunits gp91-phox, p47-phox and p67-phox were confirmed by Western blotting and, like gene expression also increased in the presence of PMA. These subunits were mostly located in the trophoblast giant cell population, associated to the phagocytic process at the maternal-placental interface. Increased expression of such subunits may be related to an increase in the NAD(P)H-oxidase activity. To analyze this possibility and to determine the role played by NAD(P)H-oxidase activity in the reactive oxygen species produced by trophoblast cells, cellular assays were performed using the oxyethidium fluorescence, a product of dihydroethidium oxidation by superoxide anion. Thus, under PMA stimulus and antimycin A that blocks the mitochondrial NAD(P)H-oxidase activity and, apocynin and allopurinol, respectively blocking the membrane NAD(P)H-oxidase and xhantine oxidase and, still, using specific superoxide and hydrogen peroxide scavengers (superoxide dismutase enzyme and catalase) we showed the generation of reactive species of oxygen-NAD(P)H-oxidase dependent by trophoblast cells, mostly when stimulated. These results come to add important information about the potential of the trophoblast in producing reactive species at the maternal-fetal interface and, open a new investigation interest on the NADPH-oxidase regulatory processes and its involvement in defense functions of the embryo in both healthy and pathological processes that can determine the failure of the gestation.

This portfolio consists of eight works (five choral, one multi-media, one string quartet and one symphonic orchestra) written during my doctoral candidacy from 2011-2015. They are arranged according to genre - from choral works to instrumental, sorted according to the ensemble size and chronologically thereafter. In these works, there are some common traits – the application of interval of second is found in all pieces with distinctive purposes; the emphasis of poetic image in the aesthetic of Chinese music is observed in some pieces. Furthermore, characteristics of choral music such as homophonic progression among parts and cantabile melodic writing can be traced in the instrumental pieces, particularly in the slow section of the String Quartet. / A substantial part of this portfolio is allocated to choral music. Before admitting to the DMus program, I had been establishing myself as a choral composer and conductor in the local choral communities. The last five years I spent at CUHK inspired me not only on the possibility of new sound and harmonic approaches to this genre, but also, and most importantly, the structure and form of music. The diverse manners to develop a musical piece based on simple motives certainly contribute to consistency and coherence. This is inevitably a major breakthrough in my composition career. / The diverse inspirations are channeled into music compositions through different operations of the interval of a second, which contribute to the formation of individual character of each piece: In Wo Jiang, the permeating taste of primordiality is brought by the continuous repetition of the second interval as a driving agent in the bass part, giving origin to the music developed; where vertically there is overtone singing in the upper part, which combines to create a sense of remoteness. The highest notes in the tone cluster passages are sometimes dissonance of second interval that enables a more ringing sound in the high register, whereas in Huan Hun Cao the vertically aligned second interval appears in the inner voices, specially in soprano two and alto, giving way to the emphasis of the highest note sung by soprano one. On the other hand, the horizontal employment of second interval typifies the opening and ending sections of this piece when the moving line shows some descending half step against the long drones sung by the lower parts. This effectively depicts an eerie but yet spacious sensation with regard to the select texts. The usages of second interval are two-folded in Yi Nian – vertical and ornamental – the pitched water glasses are tuned to A, G and F; the humming passages of the chorus feature a descending step in the first tenor to function as an appoggiatura. These altogether enrich the harmonic progression of the chordal harmonies. Encircled begins with irregular subdivisions of beat on C# within the common time by both first and second sopranos though the first soprano repeatedly drives to a semitone higher on the last note of each phrase. Such metallic sound yet sometimes dissonant connects to the imaginary sword fight. The interval of second in the style of ornaments fits well the flute part in the third movement of Chun Hen – The Reunion to orientalize it into Dizi. Wintry sketches also includes interval of second, especially over long notes in the woodwind section, to make depiction of a uncomfortable and piercing scenery atop of a bare mountain. / 此作品集由八首作品組成，包括五首合唱，一項多媒體創作，一首弦樂四重奏及一首管弦。它們都是於二零一一至二零一五年間，本人為博士研究生時創作。作品集裡的作品都有以下共通點：有目的地運用二度音程及展現中國音樂藝術美學的氛圍與詩意。此外，作品集中的器樂作品，都會帶有一點合唱音樂的特徵。 / 本人入讀香港中文大學音樂博士課程前，已致力發展合唱指揮及創作事業，所以合唱音樂佔整個作品集不少篇幅。於在學五年間，本人於聲音及和聲處理上得到很大的啟發；及於樂曲發展、結構與曲式上，更獲資深的指導，創作中更能強調藝術作品的連貫與統一性，乃本人一大突破。 / 於創作上，透過靈活運用二度音程，此作品集中每首作品皆展現獨特性。《我將》的低音聲部，由橫向重複二度音程句組成，豐富了樂曲的推進性。縱向角度，男高音一使用的泛音唱法，則為音樂營造出遙遠感。於多高音和弦（四個音以上的和弦），最高的兩個音也會出現二度音程。透過產生此類不協調和聲，高音聲部較亮麗的音色會更為突出。而於《還魂草》，縱向二度音程則發生於內聲部，見於女高二音及女低音，並停留於中音區，讓女高音一的旋律性能明顯地呈現。另外，樂曲首尾兩段均應用了橫向二度音程。此手法與其他聲部的持續長音同時發生，使兩個聲部產生渺小卻奇異的音程變化，有效地塑造歌詞表達的空間感。《一念》中，二度音程運用大致見於兩段落：已定音的盛水玻璃杯及合唱部份的哼唱段落。後者的二度音程出現於男高音一的倚音，為和聲發展加添色彩。此種把二度音程應用於裝飾音的技巧，亦出現於《春痕》第三樂章《再遇》。為強調東方感，長笛演奏一系列上、下行的倚音，模仿笛子的加花演奏。《圍》除了強調開首女高音一、二於升C音的重複對唱、不規則的四・四拍分拍外，首段樂句均以二度音程作結，產生一種金屬性的聲音，模仿古代的刀光劍影。《冬之素描》亦包括了二度音程與和聲的運用，尤其於木管組的長音上，描繪於空曠高山上不安及寒風刺骨的感覺。 / Chan, Ka Hei. / Thesis D.Mus. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Abstracts also in Chinese; includes Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 06, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

No description available.

A linear programming model for multiple use was developed for the High Knob Unit of the Jefferson National Forest. The model was intended to be a pilot study for the development of similar models for other units in the Appalachians. The model was developed to provide information about trade-offs between timber, recreational activities, and budgets during the 10 year planning period. Currently used estimates and "rules of thumb" were used as the means for relating the activities considered in the model. The objective function used was timber maximization and it was constrained by the activity and budget constraints. The maximum possible timber volume that could be cut was found for the High Knob Unit by using only acreage constraints on the objective function. Then the constraints for the other activities were added, each of which being tied to the timber variables. An initial optimal solution was found which not only gave values for the amounts of the activities that would be best to produce but also where they were to occur on the ground. To provide information about trade-offs, a sensitivity analysis was done to provide a series of solutions for the High Knob Unit. These solutions were evaluated and recommendations were made for the High Knob Unit. Benefits and limitations of the model were discussed as were the problems encountered in developing the High Knob LP. Suggestions for future study were also made. / Master of Science

No description available.