Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-07-21T13:19:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ObtencaoCaracterizacaoHidrogeis.pdf: 2306260 bytes, checksum: a797be70ad3f72ec31fdba7ad979785e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-09-08T13:49:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ObtencaoCaracterizacaoHidrogeis.pdf: 2306260 bytes, checksum: a797be70ad3f72ec31fdba7ad979785e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-08T13:49:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ObtencaoCaracterizacaoHidrogeis.pdf: 2306260 bytes, checksum: a797be70ad3f72ec31fdba7ad979785e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / FAPESPA - Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas / Matrizes poliméricas como os hidrogéis são sistemas de liberação controlada que estão sendo largamente utilizados na indústria farmacêutica. Neste trabalho os hidrogéis de PAAm-co-MC foram obtidos e caracterizados afim de carrear o propranolol, fármaco anti-hipertensivo. Os hidrogéis compostos pelos monômeros AAm e MC foram sintetizados por polimerização via radical livre, sendo investigada quatro concentrações de AAm (3,6%; 7,2%; 14,7% e 21,7% m/v). A caracterização dos hidrogéis foi realizada com os estudos de grau de intumescimento, potencial zeta, IR-FT, MEV e análises térmicas (TG, DTA, DTG e DSC). O hidrogel 3,6% apresentou maior grau de intumescimento em todos os meios de análise. O potencial zeta revelou que todos os hidrogéis permanecem próximo do ponto isoelétrico. O espectro de absorção do infravermelho permitiu identificar bandas características, tanto do hidrogel como do propranolol. As curvas de TG dos hidrogéis evidenciaram a degradação dos mesmos em dois estágios, sendo observado na curva DTG a maior perda de massa em torno de 400ºC e as curvas DTA e DSC confirmaram os três eventos endotérmicos. Já o propranolol apresentou um único estágio de degradação e seu pico de fusão foi em 163,4ºC. As microfotografias relevaram a disposição da rede tridimensional dos hidrogéis. A relação da adsorção propranolol/hidrogel foi de 573 mg/g, seguindo o modelo da isoterma de Langmuir. No estudo da cinética de liberação in vitro a liberação do propranolol a partir da matriz do hidrogel foi de aproximadamente 80% do fármaco em 424 horas, apresentando um modelo bimodal. A realização deste trabalho demonstrou que o hidrogel de PAAm-co-MC é um grande promissor para aplicação em sistemas carreadores de fármacos. / Polymer matrices such as ‖hydrogels‖ are controlled release systems that are being widely used the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the hydrogels PAAmco-MC were obtained and characterized in order to carry the propranolol, an antihypertensive drug. These hydrogels are composed of two monomers (AAm and MC) and were synthesized by free radical polymerization, being investigated four concentrations of AAm (3.6%, 7.2%, 14.7% and 21.7% w / v). The characterization of the hydrogels was performed through studies of the degree of swelling, zeta potential, FT-IR, SEM, and thermal analysis (TG, DTA, DTG and DSC). The 3.6% hydrogel showed a greater degree of swelling in all analysis media. The zeta potential revealed that all hydrogels remain near the isoelectric point. The infrared absorption spectrum allowed the identification of characteristic bands of both the hydrogel as propranolol. The TG curves of the hydrogels evidenced their degradation in two stages, being observed in the DTG curve a higher mass loss at about 400°C and the DTA and DSC curves have confirmed the three endothermic events. On the other hand, propranolol has a single stage of degradation and its melting peak was at 163.4°C. Photomicrographs have revealed arrangement of the three-dimensional network of hydrogels. In the study of in vitro release kinetics of the release of propranolol from the hydrogel matrix was approximately 80% of drug within 424 hours, showing a bimodal model. This work showed that the PAAmco-MC hydrogel is a great promising for application in drug carrier systems.

This work has examines the creation and use of chemical templates for nanocircuit and other nanodevice fabrication. Chemical templating can be useful in attachment, orientation and wiring of molecularly templated circuits. DNA origami provides a suitable method for creating molecularly templated circuits as DNA can be folded into complex shapes and functionalized with active circuit elements, such as semiconducting nanomaterials. Surface attachment of DNA origami structures can be accomplished by hybridization of dangling single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) on the origami structures with complementary surface-bound strands. Chemical templating provides a pathway for placing the patterned surface-bound attachment points needed for surface alignment of the molecular templates. Chemical templates can also be used to connect circuit elements on the surface by selectively metallizing the templates to form local wiring. AFM tip-directed nano-oxidation was selected as the method for patterning to create chemical templates. This project demonstrates new techniques for creating, continuous metallization of, and DNA attachment to nanochemical templates. Selective-continuous metallization of nanochemical templates is needed for wiring of circuit templates. To improve the metallization density and enable the continuous nano-scale metallization of amine-coated surfaces, the treatment of amine-coated surfaces with a plating additive prior to metallization was studied. The additive treatment resulted in a 73% increase in seed material, enabling continuous nano-scale metallization. A new method was developed to create amine nanotemplates by selective attachment of a polymer to surface oxide patterns created by nano-oxidation. The treatment of the templates with the additive enabled a five-fold reduction in feasible width for continuous metallization. Nano-oxidation was also used in the nanometer-scale patterning of a thiol-coated surface. Metallization of the background thiols but not the oxidized patterns resulted in a metal film that was a negative of the patterns. The resulting metal film may be useful for nanometer-scale pattern transfer. DNA-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were selectively attached to amine templates by an ionic interaction between the template and ssDNA attached to the particles. Only the ssDNA on the bottom of the AuNPs interacted with the template, leaving the top strands free to bind with complementary ssDNA. Attempts to attach origami structures to these particles were only marginally successful, and may have been hindered by the presence of complementary ssDNA in solution but not attached to the origami, or the by the low density of DNA-AuNPs attached to the templates. The formation of patterned binding sites by direct, covalent attachment of ssDNA to chemical templates was also explored. Initial results indicated that ssDNA was chemically bound to the templates and able to selectively bind to complementary strands; however, the observed attachment density was low and further optimization is required. Methods such as these are needed to enable nano-scale, site-specific alignment of nanomaterials.