Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die psychische Belastung bei Patientinnen mit auffälligen PAP-Abstrichen oder dysplastischen Veränderungen der Zervix uteri im Rahmen der Dysplasie-Sprechstunde zu erheben. Durch Auswertung und Analyse der Daten im Rahmen des Qualitätsmanagements sollte eine Grundlage für eine verbesserte und angepasste Versorgung geschaffen werden. In dem erhobenen Fragebogen waren vier Fragen von besonderer Bedeutung - die Informationslage bei Vorstellung, die Art der Informationsbeschaffung, der mögliche Wunsch nach mehr Information und der Bildungsstand. In der Auswertung des ausgeteilten Fragebogens konnte erhoben werden, dass 56,9% der Patientinnen bei der Erstvorstellung psychisch belastet waren. Das ist ein großer Anteil in Anbetracht der Tatsache, dass das PAP-Screening eine jährliche Vorsorgeuntersuchung für über 15 Millionen Frauen darstellt [19]. Der Großteil der in der Dysplasie-Sprechstunde erhobenen PAP-Abstriche waren auffällig und somit weiter abklärungsbedürftig. Über 70% der HPV-Tests waren „high risk“ positiv. Der Mittelwert der Verteilung des Alters lag bei 44 Jahren, was bedeutet, dass viele junge Frauen mit potenziell bestehendem Kinderwunsch oder jungen Familien betroffen sind. Die jungen Frauen sind durchschnittlich besser gebildet und psychisch belasteter als die Kohorte der älteren Patientinnen. Ein Blick auf die Verteilung der Bildung zeigt, dass bei Betrachtung der gesamten Kohorte, schlechter gebildete Frauen verunsicherter sind. Viele der Patientinnen, 40,9%, fühlten sich vor der Erstvorstellung nicht ausreichend informiert und mehr als 53,8% der Patientinnen hätten sich mehr Informationen gewünscht. Sieht man sich die Antworten auf die Frage nach der Quelle der Informationsbeschaffung an, fällt auf, dass mit 68,5% weiterhin der/die betreuende Arzt/Ärztin die wichtigste Informationsquelle darstellt. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass trotz des 2020 deutschlandweit begonnenen organisierten Screenings die betroffenen Frauen anhaltend belastet sind und sich mehr Informationen wünschen. Ein wichtiger Schritt zur Vorbeugung psychischer Belastung wäre eine verbesserte Vermittlung von Information seitens der behandelnden Ärzte/Ärztinnen, auch unter Hinweis auf die online zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit. / The aim of this work was to assess the psychological stress of patients with conspicuous PAP smears or dysplastic changes of the cervical uteri during the consultation in the “Dysplasie-Sprechstunde”. By evaluating and analyzing the data within the framework of quality management, a basis for improved and adapted care should be created. In the questionnaire four questions were of particular importance - the information situation at the time of presentation, the way in which information was obtained, the possible desire for more information and the level of education. In the evaluation of the distributed questionnaire it could be found that 56.9% of the patients were psychologically stressed at the first presentation. This is a large proportion considering that PAP screening is an annual screening for over 15 million women [19]. The majority of the PAP smears taken during the dysplasia consultation were conspicuous and therefore in need of further clarification. Over 70% of HPV tests were "high risk" positive. The mean distribution of the age was 44 years, which means that many young women with a potential desire to have children or young families are affected. On average, the young women are better educated and more psychologically stressed than the cohort of older patients. A look at the distribution of education shows that if you look at the whole cohort, less educated women are more insecure. Many of the patients, 40.9%, did not feel sufficiently informed before the first presentation and more than 53.8% of the patients would have liked more information. If one looks at the answers to the question about the source of information, it is striking that with 68.5% the attending physician continues to be the most important source of information. In summary, it can be said that despite the organized screening that began throughout Germany in 2020, the affected women are still burdened and would like more information. An important step towards the prevention of psychological stress would be an improved communication of information on the part of the treating physicians, also with reference to the information available online from the Federal Ministry of Health.

Cervical cancer is an emerging public health problem in developing countries. Globally, it is the 3rd most common malignancy in women after breast and colorectal cancers and 4th most frequent cancer in women, with an estimated 570,000 new cases and 311,000 deaths in 2018. Cervical cancer screening in the developed countries is credited with the reductions in cervical cancer morbidity and mortality during the last 50 years. However, nearly 90% of cervical cancer deaths occur in less developed countries. Ghana has a cervical cancer rate of 26.4%. Further, it is the highest cancer incidence faced among women 25 to 44 years and has a mortality rate of 17.4% in this age group. Knowledge, culture, attitude, and beliefs are known to limit women's participation in Pap test screening programs. Guided by the health belief model, the purpose of this quantitative study was to examine how knowledge, attitude, culture, and religious beliefs affected intent to seek Pap test screening among adolescent girls in Accra, Ghana. A total of 155 participants ages 16 to 20 years completed a 30-item questionnaire. Descriptive frequencies were calculated. Correlation and Chi-square tests were also performed to assess associations with intent to screen with Pap test. Most girls (92%) had never heard about Pap test screening. There were statistically significant correlations between cervical cancer knowledge (p=0.032) and attitude (p=0.001) with intent to participate in Pap test screening. However, culture (p=0.049) and religious beliefs (p=0.529) were not significantly associated with screening intent. The implications for social change include informing practice and research on how cervical cancer prevention programs can be tailored to girls living in countries where different cultural and religious values are practiced.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-185). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

The purpose of the study was to determine the needs of one marketing segment of clients seen in a contraceptive clinic in the Midwest. The marketing segment targeted for study was women with positive Pap smears. A comparison group of women with negative Pap smears was sampled from the same clinic during the time frame July 1, 1982, to July 1, 1984.Nine research questions were investigated. Responses have been reported relative to the following questions:1. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the presence of cervical infection a woman may have?2. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on whether or not a woman smokes?3. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the type of contraceptive (pill or barrier) used by a woman?4. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend number of abortions experienced by a woman?5. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the number of pregnancies experienced by a woman?6. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on whether the woman is white or black?7. Does the incidence of positive Pap age of the woman?8. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the smears depend on whether the woman is married or not?9. Does the incidence of positive Pap smears depend on the educational status of the woman?Five conclusions were drawn from findings of the study and were confined to the population for the study, clients of the selected clinic:1. Women with positive Pap smears are more likely to have infections than women with negative Pap smears.2. Women who have had abortions are more likely to have positive Pap smears.3. The incidence of positive Pap smears is associated with pregnancies; that is women with one or more pregnancies are more likely to have positive Pap smears.4. A higher proportion of black women have positive Pap smears than white women.5. Women with less education have more positive Pap smears than women with higher levels of education. / Department of Educational Administration and Supervision

Thesis (D. P. H.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-156). / Microfiche. / xv, 156 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2008. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2004. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (M.N.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2003. / Bibliography: leaves 102-114. Also available online.

Thesis (M.A.)--Northern Kentucky University, 2006. / Made available through ProQuest. Publication number: AAT 1436701. ProQuest document ID: 1166591451. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-32)